Mongol naʻi. Zolotaya Orda. Mongolian kaua ia Rusia

Ma ka XIII kenekulia Mongols kukulu i aupuni a me ka nui kokoke ?? eoi? I loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. Ua'ōʻia mai Rusia a hiki i Hikina Hema Asia mai Korea a hiki i ka Middle East. Mau poʻe a pau o nā nomads luku haneri o nā kūlanakauhale, a luku iho la ia ōlaʻi i o Hawaii. Ke loa ka inoa o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Mongol aupuni a pau o Genghis Khan Ua lilo i ka hōʻailona o ka pau ana o ka Middle Ages.

Jin

Ka mua Mongol naʻi o Kina loli. Lani hoʻopioʻia nomads i koke. Ke Mongolian-Japanese War ua maheleia i ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mua i ke kaua o ka Moku'āina o Jin (1211-1234). I kai eʻe alakaʻiʻia Genghis Khan ia ia iho. Kona poe koa helu hoʻokahi haneri tausani kanaka. Mongolia acceded i ke kokoke ohana Uighurs a me Karluk.

Ka mua Ua pio Fuzhou City i ke kūkulu'ākau Jin. 'Aʻole loa aku i loko o ke kupulau o 1211, aia ua he nui kaua i loko o ka laulā Ehulin. Ma keia kaua he nui 'oihana koa limahana Jin i luku. Ua lanakila 'o ia ka mua nui lanakila, ka Mongol koa wāwahi i ka Great Wall - na kahiko ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka Huns nō. Once ma Kina, ka mea, ua hoʻomaka e hao wale i ka Pākē kulanakauhale. I ka hooilo, ka nomads hoi ae la i ko lakou hehi, akā, ua mai hoi o kela mea keia pūnāwai no ka hou ho'āhewa wale.

Ma lalo o ka hahau ana o ka hehi noho, hoomaka ae la ka Jin State, e haule iho ma ke kaʻawale. Ku ei ka Jurchen, ka mea ma luna o ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la i kipi lāhui Pākē a me Khitan. He nui o ia kākoʻo i ka Mongols, me ka manao e hana ia, e loaʻa ai kūʻokoʻa. Mau ho, ua hoʻoholo ai. Luku i ka moku'āina o kekahi kanaka, o ka nui, Genghis Khan aole lakou i manao e hana i ka moku'āina no 'ē aʻe. No ka laʻana, he breakaway, mai ka hikina mai Jin Liao mau ae la ia wale nō he iwakālua makahiki. Mongols skillfully'ōwili i? Aiaiiuie allies. Hi ohia ia ma luna o ia nei hoa paio a me kā lākou kōkua, ka mea ho'āpono hoopakele ia o ka poe a me ka "hoa."

I ka 1215, i ka Mongols pio, a puhi aku la i Beijing (laila, hanau mai i ka inoa Zhongdu). A he mau makahiki hehi ia hana e like me na nā kaʻa mokulele o nā Pilisetia. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Genghis Khan Khagan (Great Khan), kana keiki Ogedei. He hoʻoneʻe i nā nā kaʻa mokulele o ka naʻi aupuni. A lohe o Ugadei Mongols hope hui Jin i kona aupuni a pau. I ka 1234, i ka hope alii o kēia moku'āina Aytszun hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho. Mongol kaua devastated'ākau China, akā, i ka lukuia'na o Jin ua wale i ka hoʻomaka o ka lanakila hele ana o na nomads o Eurasia.

xi Xia

Tangut Xi Xia State (Western Xia) i ka kekahi aina, e noho ai ma ka Mongols. Genghis Khan naʻi keia aupuni i ka 1227. Xi Xia noho ?? eoi? I ke komohana o ka Jin aliʻi. Ua hoʻomalu aku i ka hapa o ka Great silika Road, i'ōlelo mai ai waiwai pio nomads. Hehi hoʻopuni a luku kapikala Tanguts Chung Hsing. make Genghis Khan, hoi mai ka hale mai o keia kai eʻe. Ano, i kona mau hooilina, e hoʻopau i ka hana o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke aupuni a pau.

Hawaiian Song

Ka mua Mongol naʻi no ka moku'āina, hana ma ka 'ole-Chinese kanaka ma Kina. A me Jin a me Xi Xia i ole China i loko o ka piha ano o ka olelo. Lāhui Pākē ma ka XIII kenekulia, uumi wale ka hema hapalua o Kina, ma laila i ka Hawaiian Song aupuni a pau. hoomaka ae la ke kaua me ia i ka 1235.

Kekahi mau makahiki i ka Mongols hooukaia mai Kina, a no ka maluhiluhi, e incessant kaua. I ka 1238, Sun ua hana e uku i kaʻauhau, i ukali ia e punitive e poipu malie iho la. Fragile truce hookupaaia no 13 makahiki. Mōʻaukala o ka Mongol kaua ike oi ma mua o kekahi i ka manawa maopopo. Nomads "i i" me kekahi aupuni e noʻonoʻo i naʻi i ka 'ē aʻe mau hoalauna.

I ka 1251 i ka hou Great Khan lilo Munch. He ulu mau i ka hou kaua me ka Song. Ma ke poo o ke kai eʻe i o ke kahua kaikaina Kublai Khan. Ke kaua ana no na makahiki. Mele aloaliʻi capitulated i ka 1276, eia nae ke aumeume no ka hoʻokaʻawale pūʻulu o Chinese kuokoa ana a hiki i 1279. Wale laila ka Mongol auamo kukuluia i luna o ka pau ana o Kina. Back i ka 1271 Kublai Khan hoʻokumu i ka yuan aliʻi. Ua alii iho la oia China a ke kualapa waena XIV kenekulia, ka wā ia i'ānaiʻia e ka Red pāpale hainikā kipi.

Korea a me Burma

Ma kona hikina palena o ka moku'āina hanaia iloko o ka Mongol kaua, uaʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao me Korea. Ka oihana koa kai eʻe e ku e ia ia, hoomaka ae la i ka 1231. A pau i ukali ia e ka eono-kaua. E like me ka hopena o ka kŘpuna e poipu o Korea lilo i State, e uku aku i ka waiwai auhau i ka yuan. Mongol kaʻauamo ma luna o ka Peninsula i pau ai i ka 1350.

Ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao aʻe o ka hawaiian nomads hiki i ka palena o Pagan Kingdom ma Burma. Ka mua Mongol paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma ka aina e pili ana i ka 1270th makahiki. Khubilai pinepine ae la oiaʻula a he kuleana kai eʻe ma luna o ka Pagan no o ko lākou mau hoʻolako 'ole i loko o kokoke Vietnam. I ka Hikina Hema Asia, ka Mongols i ke kaua,ʻaʻole wale nō nā kānaka 'ōiwi akā, no hoi me ka hana Tropical aniau. Nā poʻe hao wale i loohia mai malaria, i mea no ke aha regular auhee i kona'āina hānau. Aka hoi, ma ka 1287 o ka naʻi aupuni o Burma nō, ua kō.

Kaua o lapana, a India

'Aʻole i pau kaua o ka naʻi, i ka hoʻomaka' ana i nā mamo a Genghis Khan, ka holomua 'ana. Palua (mua hoao i loko o 1274, o ka lua - i ka 1281) Habil ho'āʻo e hele io lākou lā Japan. No keia mea, China ua kukulu ana i ka nui'auwaʻa, a i ole analogues i loko o ka Middle Ages. Na Mongols i ole inā pilikia ka haumāna ma ka hoʻokele. Lākou armada pepehiʻia Japanese moku. Ma ka lua o ka huakaʻi a hiki i ka mokupuni o Kyushu, hele ma 100 tausani kanaka, aka nae, a me ka mea, ua i hiki ke lanakila.

ua i lanakila kekahi aupuni ma ka Mongols lilo India. ka mea, ua lohe nā mamo a Genghis Khan e pili ana i ka waiwai o keia aina pohihihi, a me ka eia aʻe i ka lanakila ia. North India ma ia manawa no i ka Delhi Sultanate. No ka mea manawa mua i ka Mongols ma kona mokuna ma ka 1221. Nomads Ua devastated kekahi aina (Lahore, Multan, Peshawar), akā, ma mua o ka naʻi aupuni ua i hiki. I ka 1235 hui ae la lakou i ko lakou Power Kashmir. I ka pau ana o ka XIII kenekulia ka Mongols ma ka Punjab, a hiki aku la i Delhi. I loko nō o ka luku kai eʻe, na nomads i ole kauoha aku e loaa i kekahi foothold ma India.

Karakatiyskoe Khanate

I ka 1218 i ka Mongol mau poe a pau, ka poe i kaua mua wale nō i loko o Kina, no ka manawa mua, huli lākou mau lio, a hiki i ke komohana. Ma ko lakou ala ua Central Asia. Eia, ma ka mokuna o ke kālā no aneea oneiaey, ua Qara Khitai ma muli Karakitais (ethnically kokoke i ka Mongols a me Khitan).

Nā lula o ua State longtime enemi Genghis Khan Kuchlug. E hoomakaukau ana e kaua me ia, i ka Mongols lawe mai i konaʻaoʻao i kekahi'ē aʻe Turkic kānaka Semirechye. i kokuaia e ka Karluk Arslan Khan a me ka luna o ke kulanakauhale o Almalyk Bouzar Nomads. Eia hou, ua kōkuaʻia ka mea, ma ka sedentary Nā Poʻe Isalama, ka mea a ka Mongols i aeia e hoʻomaka lehulehu hoomana (i aʻole e mākou hana Kuchlug).

Ke kai eʻe ma luna o ka Qara Khitai poai puni ia e kekahi o na kumu nui myriarchs Genghis Khan Jebe. He naʻi i ka hikina Turkestan, aʻehiku muliwai. Hee, Kuchlug holo i loko o ka Pamir mauna. Aiaʻo ia i hopu, a pepehi i ka make.

Khorezm

Kekahi Mongol naʻi, ma ka pōkole, ua wale ka mua mua i loko o ka naʻi aupuni o ka pau ana o Central Asia. Kekahi nui moku'āina, ma ka hou ana i ka Qara Khitai i noho ma Kauai, Iranians a me ka Islamic aupuni o Khorezm. I ka Ia manawa aʻu i ike ka mea, ua ka Polovtsian (Kipchak). Ma nā hua'ōlelo, Khorezm ua i ka luna 'lāhui conglomerate. Lanakila aku la ia ia i ka Mongols skillfully hoʻohana i ka naʻokoʻa o ka nui mana.

hoʻokūpaʻa, a hiki Genghis Khan me Khorezm mawaho pili aloha. I ka 1215, i hoouna aku ai i ka'āina o kona poʻe kālepa ia. World me Khorezm Mongols pono e kōkua i ka naʻi aupuni o kokoke Qara Khitai. A pau keia aina i lilo, ka mea, ua i ka huli ana o kona hoalauna.

Mongol e naʻi aku ai i uaʻikeʻia a puni ka honua, a me Khorezm i ka mana aloha me na nomads, ua malamaia lakou me ka mālama nui. An ka olelo e, e wawahi i ka maluhia pili hehi e noho ana i loaaʻi ma ka ulia. Ke kia'āina o ke kūlanakauhale o Otrar ka poʻe kālepa Mongol mahuʻi mua o ka espionage, a hooko aku la ia. Ma hope iho o kēia mindless ikaika kaua lilo inevitable.

Genghis Khan hele ku e mai Khorezm i ka 1219. Emphasizing i ka nui o ka huakaʻi, lalau iho la oia me ia, i loko o kaʻaoʻao o kāna mau keiki kāne a pau. Ogedei Chagatai a hele aku la, e hoʻopaʻa aku iā Otrar. Jochi alakaʻi i ka lua o ka poe koa, ua hoʻoneʻe i kaʻaoʻao a me Jenda Sygnak. Ke kolu o ka poe koa, ua pahuna ma Khujand. Genghis Khan ia ia iho me kana keiki Tolu hahai i ka mea waiwai metropolis o medieval Samarkand. Ua pio a pau i kēia mau kūlanakauhale a me ka hao.

Ma Samarkand, ma 400.000 kanaka noho ma ka noho ana malaila i wale kekahi i ka ewalu. Otrar, Jenda, Sygnak, a he nui na kulanakauhale e ae o Central Asia i ua ihola ia i luku ai (i kēia lā wale nō i ka hulikoehana hookuikui hou i malamaia ma kā lākou mau wahi). By 1223 Khorezm i lanakila. Mongol naʻi uhi i ka nui palena mai o ka Caspian kai a hiki i ka Indus.

E lanakila Khorezm, nomads loaaʻi ia ia iho hou ala a hiki i ke komohana - a me kekahi lima i Rusia, a ma ka kekahi - a hiki i ka Middle East. A hiki aku ka mea hoʻokahi Mongol aupuni a pau e hina ana ma Central Asia i waho Ilkhanate, a ma luna o nā mamo o Genghis Khan ka moʻopuna kāne Hulagu. ola keia aupuni, a hiki i 1335.

Anatoly

Ma hope iho o ka naʻi aupuni o Khorezm komohana mau hoalauna o ka Mongols lilo ka Seljuk Kauai. Ko lakou noho ana, Sultanate o lama, Aia ma luna o ka mokuna o kēia Tureke ma ka Peninsula o Malaya Aziya. Ma keia wahi ua kekahi mōʻaukala inoa - Anatoly. Ma waho aʻeo i ka Seljuk moku'āina, ua Greek aupuni - hakina i ala aʻela ma hope o ka hopu ana o Constantinople ma ka Crusaders a me ka haule ana o ka Byzantine aupuni a pau i ka 1204.

I ka naʻi o Anatolia hoʻoili Mongolian temnik Baiju, oia no ke kiaaina o Iran. kapa aku la oia i ka Seljuk Suletana Kay-Khusrau II hoʻoponopono hookupu nomads. Ua hooleia nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa manaʻoi hāpai 'ia. I ka 1241, ma muli o ka demarche Baiju ma Anatolia, a me ka poʻe koa i hele mai i Erzurum. Ma hope o kekahi mau-mahina hoopuni ana i ke kulanakauhale, haule iho la. Ua lukuia kona pā e pana mai i kekahi catapult, a ua make na mea he nui kanaka a hao.

Kai Khosrow II, naʻe, makemake e haawi mai. He hoʻolālā i ke kākoʻo mai o ka Helene Hawaii (a me Trebizond aupuni a pau o Nicaea), e like me ka pono me Keokia a me ka Armenian aliʻi. I ka 1243 o ka poe koa antimongolskoyʻahahui halawai i ka poʻe komohewa ma ka mauna gorge Köse Dagh. Nomads hoʻohana lākou punahele nā kaʻa mokulele. Ka Mongols, hookohukohu iho la lakou e emi hope, i ka wahaheeʻoihana kaʻa, a anapu koke counterattacked mau hoa paio. Seljuk poe koa a me kā lākou mau allies Ua paopao. Ma hope iho o kēia lanakila, ka Mongols lanakila Anatolia. Ma lalo o ka malu berita, hoʻokahi hapalua o ka Sultanate o lama i hoohui ai i kā lākou mau aupuni a pau, a me ka kekahi, hoomaka ae la e hookupu.

Near East

I ka 1256 Genghis Khan ka moʻopuna Hulagu alakaʻi i ka huakaʻi a hiki i ka Middle East. Ke kai eʻe mau ae la ia no 4 makahiki. Ua i kekahi o ka loa pīhoihoi paipai aʻo kai eʻe o ka Mongol koa. Ka mua ma lalo o pepehi hehi huli Nizari moku'āina ma Iran. Hulagu kela aoao o ka Amu Darya River, a hoopio iho la i ke Muslim kulanakauhale ma Kuhistan.

Ma ka lanakila hizaritami, Mongol Khan huli i kona noonoo ana ma Baghdad, ma na rula o ka Caliph Al-Mustatim. Ma ka hope mō'ī o ka Abbasid i nohoaliʻi ai uaʻaʻole ikaika lawa i ka oukou pale ana i ka iā Goga, akā,ʻo ia arrogantly hōʻole i peacefully waiho ai i na malihini. I ka 1258 Mongols kaua Baghdad. Ke komohewa hoʻohana i ke kaua me na mea kaua, a laila, hoomaka ae la e hana ino mai. Ke kūlanakauhale loa hoopuniia i, a nele o kākoʻo mai ke waho. Mau pule ma hope, Baghdad haule iho la.

Ke kapikala o ke Abbasid Caliphate, ka momi o ka Islamic ao nei, i wāwahi ai i ka honua. Na Mongols i hookoe i ke kū hoʻokahi kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i, ka mea i luku ai i ke kula kēia, kiola ia i loko o ka Tigris waiwai puke. Ke looting o Baghdad huli i loko o ka puʻu o ka smoldering rubble. Kona hāʻule symbolized i ka pau ana o ka medieval Golden Age o Hoʻomana Mohameka.

Ma hope iho o nā hanana o Baghdad, hoomaka ae la ka Mongol kai eʻe i loko o Palesetina. I ka 1260, ka mea i wahi kaua o Ain Jalut. Aigupita Mamluks luku aku i ka aina e. Ke kumu no ka pio ana o ka Mongols ua i ka mea e ma ka Ewa o Hulagu, ua aʻo e pili ana i ka make ana o Mangu Hagan, aku la lakou i ka Caucasus. Ma Palesetina, oia haʻalele i ka oihana koa Kitbugu me ka poe koa he uuku, i ua hee o ma ka Arabia maoli ai. Hou i loko o ka Muslim Middle Hikina, i ka Mongols hiki oleʻoni. I ka mokuna o ko lākou aupuni a hana ma ka Tigris a me Euperate.

Ke Kaua o ka Kalka

Ka mua moho o ka Mongols ma Europe i hoomaka ai ka wā o nā nomads, alualu i ke kanaka mahuka luna o Khorezm, i ka Polovtsian hehi. I ka Ia manawa i ka pono o ka naʻi Genghis Khan Kipchak i olelo mai ai. Ma 1220, hele mai i ka nomadic kaua i loko o ka Caucasus, kahi hoʻoneʻe i ka Old World. Ka mea, devastated aina Lezgin kanaka i keia-lā Dagestan. A laila, i ka Mongols halawai mua me Polovtsy a me Alans.

Kipchaks, hoʻomaopopo i ka pilikia o uninvited poe hoaai, hoouna aku la ka olelo a hiki i ka aina Lūkini, e noi ana i ka hikina mai Slavic na'lii kekahi kōkua. Mākou ia i ka leo kahea Mstislav Old (Great Prince o Kiev), Mstislav Udatny (Prince Galitsky), Daniil Romanovich (Volynia) Mstislav Svyatoslavich (Chernigov Prince) a me kekahi'ē aʻe haku.

Ua ua 1223. Luna aʻae e hooki i ka Mongols i loko o ka Polovtsian hehi hiki mua ka mea, ke hoouka Rusia. I loko o ka 'ohi' hui paukū i hiki aku ai i ka Rurikovich Mongolian kauoha malu. Lūkini nomads mohai ole, e ku mai no Polovtsian. Nā aliʻi i kauoha aku e pepehi i nāʻelele, a ua neʻe akula i loko o ka hehi.

Soon ka ?? eoi? O kēia Donetsk māhele ua he lono kaumaha kaua o ka Kalka. 1223 i ka makahiki o ke kaumaha no ka mea a pau Lūkini aina. Aʻahahui o nā aliʻi a me Polovtsian waiho wale aku no i ka palaoa pio. Ka Luna Nui Mongol kaua luku aku i ka hoʻohui pūʻia paukū. Cumans, flinching ma lalo o ka hae, a holo aku la, e waiho ana i ka Lūkini kaua me kākoʻo.

Ma ke kaua make ma ka liʻiliʻi 8 aliʻi, ke komo pu Mstislav Mstislav o Kiev a me Chernigov. A me ka ia i lilo i ko lakou ola, he nui maikai boyars. Black hae i ke kaua o ke Kalka. 1223 hiki ia i ka makahiki o ka piha-fledged kaua o ka Mongols, akā, ma hope o ka koko lanakila ka mea, kamailio ia mea, ua maikaʻi, e hoʻi i ko lākou mau hale apana. Kekahi mau makahiki ma ka Lūkini ko na'lii, o ka hou hili 'iā Goga hou i lohe i kekahi mea.

Volga Pulakalia

Koke ma mua o kona make ana, Genghis Khan no i puunaue i kona aupuni a pau i loko o ka wahi o ka kuleana, ke poo o kela mea keia mea o ka i ku i kekahi o nā keiki kāne o ka naʻi aupuni. Ulus ma ka Polovtsian hehi loaʻa Jochi. He make prematurely, a ma 1235 ma ka olelo hooholo o Kurultai kana keiki Batu hoomaka ae la e hoonohonoho i ke kai eʻe maʻEulopa. Moopuna o Genghis Khan houluulu i ka poe koa he nui, a holo aku la i ka lanakila i ka Mongols i loihi aku'āina.

hoomaka ae la ka mua luahi o ka hou kaua o na nomads i Volga Pulakalia. He He moku'āina ma luna o ka mokuna o kēia Tatarstan no kekahi mau makahiki alakai i ka mokuna kaua me ka Mongols. Eia naʻe, hiki i keia manawa kaupalena 'ia wale nō ka meaʻuʻuku hehi sorties. Ano, i ka poe kaua o Batu i ka nui o ka ma kahi o 120 tausani kanaka. Ua nui koa pio i ka nui Bulgarian kulanakauhale Bulgar Bilyar Dzhuketau a me Suvar.

Kaua o Rusia

Ua lanakila ka Volga Pulakalia a me kona allies he paki Polovtzy aggressors hoʻoneʻe hou i ke komohana. Pela i hoomaka ai ka Mongol naʻi aupuni o Rusia. Ma Kekemapa 1237 na nomads noho ana ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Ryazan na'lii. Kona kapikala Ua lawe a hoohana anaiia mai. Hoikehonua, Ryazan kukulu i mau kakini kilomika, mai ka Old Ryazan, ma ka paena a nō ku nei he medieval noho.

Pae holomua Lālā paʻa kaua o Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a hookahi no ka Mongols i loko o ke kaua o Kolomna. Ma ke kaua i pepehi i kekahi o nā keiki kāne a Genghis Khan - Kyulhan. Soon, Ua hooukaia mai e ka poe o ka Ryazan meʻe Evpatii Kolovrat, a lilo iho la ia i ka maoli lahui meʻe kekahi iā Goga. I loko nō paʻakikī ia'ku, ka Mongolsʻulupā i na koa, a me ka i nā mea a pau i ka hou kulanakauhale.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1238 haule Moscow, Vladimir, Tver, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Torzhok. Ke kaona liʻiliʻi o Kozelsk kokua ai loa ia Baty, raze mea ma ka honua, i ka pā kaua inoa kapakapa "hewa kulanakauhale". Ke Kaua o ka River City ke kuokoa mau pūʻali, kauoha mai temnik Burunday i luku ai i ka 'amelika Lūkini paukū alakaiia e Vladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich, ka meaʻoki aʻe i kona poʻo.

More ma mua o kekahi 'ē aʻe Lūkini kulanakauhale Novgorod laki. Lawe Torzhok iā Goga i iʻaʻa e hele kekahi,ʻaʻohe i loko o ke anu akau, a poai puni i kūkulu hema. Penei, ka Mongol kaua o Rusia paha i hookoe mai i ua ki nei kalepa a me ka nohona mawaena konu o ka aina. E neʻe i i ka hema steppes, Batu i he uuku wanaao ae. He haawi fatten lio, a hōʻuluʻulu hou i poe koa. Ke koa Ua maheleia i mau huahelu, e hoʻoponopono i ka occasional pilikia i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i Polovtsy a me Alans.

Ua i ka 1239 o ka Mongols hooukaia hema o Rusia. Ma October, Chernihiv haule iho la. E make ai akaaka malu Glukhov, Putivl, Rylsk. I ka 1240, na nomads kaua aku la, a lawe aku la Kiev. Soon,ʻo ia hopena kali Galich. Sacking kī Lūkini kulanakauhale, Baty i Rurik kona hoʻokupu. Pela i hoomaka ai i ka wā o ke Gula iā Goga, a mau ae la ia a hiki i ka XV kenekulia. Ua ike Pāhana naue like Vladimir na'lii. Kona poe alii i loaa ka Mongols aeia mai oukou papa pihi. Kēia nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke kaʻina hana i keʻakeʻa wale ma ke ala o Moscow.

Europa kai eʻe

KŘpuna Mongolian kaua i Rusia i ole lilo i ka hope kekahi no ka mea Europa kai eʻe. Hoomau ana ma ke komohana, i nā nomads hele mai la a hiki i ka mokuna o Hungary a me Poland. Kekahi Lūkini aliʻi (me Mihail Chernigovsky) holo aku ai i ke aupuni, e noi ana i kōkua mai i ka Hui mō'ī o ke aupuni.

I ka 1241 i ka Mongols i, a looted Polish kulanakauhale Zawichost, Lublin, Sandomierz. Kakow hope haule. ua hiki ke enlist i ke kōkua o ke kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me ka Hui koa kauoha Polish haku. ʻahahui poʻe hao wale o kēia mau koa i luku ma ke kaua o Legnica. Ma ke kaua pepehi Kakow Prince Henry II.

Ka hope aupuni e ua, waiho wale mai ka Mongols, lilo Hungary. Me ka Carpathians a me Transylvania, na nomads luku Oradea Temeşvar Eyalet a me Bistrita. Kekahi Mongolian koa holo mālieʻana ma ke ahi, a me ka pahi kaua o Wallachia. Ke kolu o ka poʻe kaua i ka Danube River, a hoopio iho la ia i ka pā kaua o Arada.

keia manawa a pau i ka Hunakalia King Bela IV i loko o Pest, kahi āna i ohi i ka poe koa. I halawai pu me ia, e hoouna aku poʻe hao wale alakai e Batu. I 'Apelila 1241, i ka kaua mau clashed i loko o ke kaua o ka muliwai o Schein. Bela IV i make. holo aku la i kokoke Austria King, a me ka Mongols hoomau iho la oia i ka hao wale i ka aina Hunakalia. Batu a hiki ho'āʻo i kela kapa o ke Danube, a hoouka mai i ka Uhane Roman aupuni a pau, akā, e ho'ōla haalele i kēia hana.

E neʻe komohana Mongolian kaua akula Croatia (kekahi no Hungary), a luku iho la ia Zagreb. Lākou mua huahelu i na kapakai o ka Adriatic kai. Kēia i ka palena o ka Mongol anoe? Aiey. Nomads i i hoʻohui CentralʻEulopa i kona mana, hoomaona mai la oia i ka lōʻihi powa. Nā mokuna o ka Golden iā Goga i hoomaka ai e hele i ka Dniester.