Museum-Reserve "Kuznetsk pā", Novokuznetsk: hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, hōʻikeʻano, mōʻaukala a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

More aku he iwakalua-aa, ec eioi no?, I ke kumu nui e neeaaia o Kuzbass - Kuznetsk hūlili. Ke kumu nui loa o ka pā kahi ma luna o ka mauna o pii ana, a mea he hapa i Mane, mauna huahelu, e nana i ke kulanakauhale o Novokuznetsk, mai ka ia Apana. Ke iau hoomaka kona hana i ka makahiki 1991, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, malama a me ka paipai 'ia ka hoihoi' mea, e like me ka pā kaua Kuznetsk - he kia hoʻomanaʻo kupaianaha o ka moolelo o ka puʻukaua, hooilina o ke aupuni pekelala nui o ka moʻomeheu.

?? eoi?

Ke oa ?? eoi? He ole wale no ka Kuznetsk pā, akā, i nā maoli a me ka mōʻaukala kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Aia He oiaio, he nani ka wailele ma ka Canyon e pili ana i Verhotomskoye redoubt. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa he kakini kuhikuhipuʻuone, koa a me ka puʻukaua mea hiki ke wehe i ka noho huakaʻi a me ka malihini. Ka mālama 'ana o kēia mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i mea okoa, o ka hoihoi hou hana mea mau underway.

Eia ka mea, ua noho ai a me ka hulikoehana ioauoa - me ka dukima ano. Hoʻokolokolo 'ana i mea nō ma lalo o ke ala, a me ka meaʻaʻole me nā haʻina. Kuznetsk pā kaua? Anoee mea mamao aku, mai a pau. Ke iau exposition ua mau moʻolelo ma ka noiʻi. Ua makana na koa mōʻaukala o ka'āina, a pau ai i ka halepaahao paena, ka moʻolelo laina e hooikaika, a me ka pā kaua o ka halepaahao, a ua i loko o ka pā kaua, pū, mai ka la umikumamahiku kenekulia. Ke iau kōkua i ka hoʻokō koa a me ka patriotic mooolelo, kaʻohiʻana nā loina a me ka poʻe moʻomeheu Kākoʻo.

iau o ka hana

Ma December 1991, ua weheʻia ka Mikanele, a me ka mea mua o kona kookoo noho ma luna o ke alanui People i loko o ka dilapidated hale. Me ka hou 1992 ia,ʻaʻole wale nō ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka hulina study o ka pā kaua ma archival noiʻi a me ka hulikoehana, akā, i hoʻomano ua kauohaʻia hoihoi hou ana i na hana. Ka mea, hoʻonohonoho yoiia?, Hulikoehana a me ka mōʻaukala huakaʻi e hoʻokō i ka dala o ka iau. No ka mea, hoopaa iho ai i kona rebirth Kuznetsk hūlili.

Ma ke kupulau o 1993 hoʻoneʻe ka Hale a hiki i ka hale o ke kalepa Fonareva ka wailele ma ke alanui, kahi āna i koe a hiki i kēia lā. I ka Ia manawa ia i ee? Iecaianoaaiiuo o "Kuznetsk kahiko" - papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika kūloko mōʻaukala Magazine. I ka 1994, i ka iau wehe i ka noiʻi waihona me nā puke mai ka ohi ana o ka archaeologist mai ke kokoke kulanakauhale o Prokopyevsk mg Elkina. I ka Ia manawa ka mea e paa ana ia i ka mua exhibition hoolaa ai i na kumu mua o ka Siberian nō.

hoihoi hou ia ana

Next hana palapala i hana, a ho'āʻo i kekahiʻano o nā hōʻike. I ka 1998, e lawe mai i ka hana o ka uku - he nui-unahiʻole, i hana ma? Aeiino?. Barnaul puka a me polubastiona pohaku elua, koa 'Barracks - keia ka mea i ua waiwai laila Kuznetsk hūlili. Novokuznetsk - kulanakauhale nani a me ka nani mau mooolelo, a mai ia manawa, ua lilo Hawaiʻi nei waiwai pinepine ae la oia. Ua Ua ua paʻa 'aneʻi no ka City Day hookahakaha.

Akā, i ka ole a pau o na mea maikai i hoomaka e ana i loko o ka palena o ka Kuznetsk pā kaua. Metallurgists o ka foundry ZSMK hua he umikumamalua replicas o serfs pū i mua ku nei ma luna o nā kaʻa, a me nā papa wiliʻai mau keleawe, i i kekahi memo ma luna o nā paia o ka pā kaua. A ma ka 2001, ka ia oihana i ka iau, he mau keleawe replicas Kugorna papa wiliʻai, i mea e neo? Aaiiai? I loko o ka paʻa 'exhibition. A makahiki ma hope, i ka pā kaua ua manao kekahi makana - hoolei hao, a he kanaha-pouna-paona papa wiliʻai ma luna o nā kaʻa.

paʻa

I ka 2002, he koa ka Barracks pā pōhaku, hoi, i loaa i ka haawina mai ka foundry: ka mea, kau mau mea hoʻomanaʻo mau papa, a helu pū 'ia nā inoa o nā poʻe i noho ma Kuznetsk, i i hookoia ka George Keʻa. A hookahi hou na mea i ka paia o ka pā me ka pū ma luna o ke kahua kaa me ka hao, a me ka keleawe barela. I ka 2003 ma ka ?? eoi? O ka puna bust ma ka sculptor E. E. Potehina, hope UAIAaIN ma ka nou ana la o ka hao, i loko o ka hanohano o ka Lutanela General PN Putilova.

Bust i hua mai la i ka foundry o ke West Siberian Metallurgical hui pu iho. Ke iau exposition ua mau moʻolelo me ka hanaʻeliʻana i nā puke, hoonohonoho hou a oi waiū. Ma nā koa 'Barracks, he okoa pauku hoʻolaʻa i ka kuznechaninu kaulana - artist Admiralty, ka mea i lilo kaulana i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia. Kiʻi ke kanaaho a me ka mea e hoʻomanaʻo papa hua mai la i ka ia metallurgical foundry.

I ka lua o ka pae o ka kūkulu

No ka mea eono mahina o 2008 mua ia ua lilo ia a hiki kokoke i kona palapala helehelena Kuznetsk hūlili. Novokuznetsk paa ana i kekahi papa nui-unahiʻole, i na hana o ke kūkulu o ka uku. Kēia manawa hoihoiia i ka'ākau a me ka hemaʻano likeʻole, a ua kūkulu i ka hale e like me ka mua nō o ka luna luna o ka hale. Nō hoʻi ka mea, waiho iho la i ka lāʻau Chapel, ai kāhikoʻia iʻaneʻi i kona i ke kalakalaiʻana i loko o ka wa kahiko. Luna luna i ka hale nui mōʻaukala exhibition ma Kuznetsky ihe, Kuznetsk Kuznetsk pā a me nā kūlana pale laina.

A ua hoalaala ia me ka weliweli no ka pomaikai exhibition i nā koa 'Barracks ma ka mōʻaukala kahiko o ka aina, kahi i kekahiʻano o nā mea i ohi ia mai na hanaʻeliʻana a hooku iho la chronologically - mai ka Paleolithic, a lawe i ka Mea Nānā i loko o ka iwakālua Ka Wā Kaukani BC i ka hulikoehana kahua o kaʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia AD. Ke exposition komo i ke awa o mōʻaukala? Aeiino?, A hoike mai la na kamaaina kahiko o ka aina, i keʻano o ka i i ua hoihoi hou ia e ka cranium. Novokuznechane aloha lākou e neeaaia.

Kuznetsk pā

He kukulu i pakaua i ka iwakālua o ka makahiki, i ka o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia mea,ʻaʻole no ka nui loa, mai ka 1800 a hiki i ka makahiki 1820. Aia e hoʻomau e hooikaika i ka'ōnaehana, ke kumu manao o ke a - deterring aggression o Kina, ka meaʻimi mau ana hoʻi me ke kuko (a nō ka!) Ma South Siberia, a oiaio ia mea momona aina. Naʻe, i ka 1846 o ka oihana mōʻaukala o ka Kuznetsk pā i pau: o ka Oihana Kaua ka mea, ua wehe 'ia mai ke koena pepa. Her redeveloped ma ka hoʻolālā i ka hale paʻahao no ka hewa, i ola i loko o ka pā kaua a hiki i 1919. A ma ke Kanawai War, na hale a pau pili i ka penitentiary'ōnaehana o tsarist, ua puhiia lakou.

pāpū hoʻi i kūkulu loa ma mua o ka papa kuhikuhiE pā - ka mea, ua i ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki kenekulia. Kona kūkuluʻia a kōkua i ka ho okumu ana o ka holoʻokoʻa kūlana pale'ōnaehana ma luna o ka mauna o pii ana (mua ka mea i kapaia o halekupapau). Paa o ka makahiki a me kaʻumikumamāwalu kenekulia ua ipu lepo a me ka laau, a ua he nui loa kahiko no ia mau manawa Tora mark: hale kiaʻi aia a puni ke anapuni o ke kulanakauhale, i ka mea, aole lakou i wale mālama aku pāpū.

Ma mua o ka hoʻokumuʻo o ke kulanakauhale

Pii ana polubastion Kuznetsk pā koe kekahi hapa o ka pa, a me ka i koe iho o kekahi mau hale kiaʻi. Ma ke kaumaha lua kupapaʻu, a ma ka la umikumamahiku kenekulia ke hele i kēia pā pōhaku ma ka like me ka mea i? Aeiino? I loko o mākou manawa - he moat eli iho i loko, a ninini i ka lala. Ua uaʻike ia i ka 1717 o ka ipu lepo Susana i noho ma luna o ka promontory o ka mauna. I ka 1689 o ka pakaua i hai aku i kekahi kulanakauhale, e paku ana i ka wahi, mai ka "ho'āhewa wale Kirghiz a me Kalmyks" (e like me ka mea i kapa aku i ka Mongols, ka Pākē, ka Hawaiian a me Shor), ma ka ae ana o ka Moi ka Moi o ka.

No ka hiki hou paʻa i bastions pono i ke kapa o ka Tom a me ka'ākau o ke kūlanakauhale ma ka pili ana i ka lua o ka waiho i ka Susana, i i pili i ke kulanakauhale ma kekahi laau pā pōhaku, a ma ke kaiapili ma kaʻaoʻao aina o ka pā i kūkuluʻia o ka manoanoa pauku mau mākia kipaku i loko o me. E like laila, e like me ke kūpono o ka Kuznetsk pā paia he ewalu ipuka, a ua aneane elua a me ka hapalua mile. Lau lālā Susana hai hou 'ole o ka mauna kapakai o Tomi, i loko o nā kihi o ka loa disposable bastions a me nā puka a me laau hale kiaʻi. Loko o ka Susana, i ka manawa ia ua he Capella, he hookahi hale wale. A pau i ka puka i hoomaluia e ikaika pū. Ano, ma keiaʻia o ka iau mau e hana "Kuznetsk pā". Novokuznetsk i koho e recreate i ka mea i ola, a me ka hope nānā aku o ke kia, me ka hoihoi ' pakaua.

umikumamawalu kenekulia

Ma ka pau ana o ka umikumamawalu kenekulia mau puʻu kaua pā kaua loa dilapidated, akā, i ke kulanakauhale o Kuznetsk i ka hoʻomau 'ana i kona aliʻi nuʻukia like me ka kaua o ka hikina pūhaka o ka laina mau kihi grandiose nenoaiie o, ua kīkoʻo akula - mai ka Caspian i Hawaiian. No laila, ka mea i hoomakaukauiaʻi a ua apono ia e ka Emperor Paul I upgrade a pau o Kuznetsk pakaua.

Mākou i ia e hou mau puʻu kaua halekupapau ma ka wawae o ka mauna, a ma luna o kona luna. I ka 1800, hoomaka ae la e kukulu, a me ka 1820 la i loa kūkulu hou Kuznetsk hūlili. Novokuznetsk, kona mōʻaukala hoomaka a ua ulu ka poʻe me ke ola ana o na pakaua manawa e hooponopono i keia koho bastions wahi.

Ua aha 'ia

Ka holoʻokoʻa kākela loaa i ke ano o ka elongated rectangle, i ke anapuni o ka papa kuhikuhiE mau pua i i ke aupuni 'redanami, i i pipi i loko o ramps no ka pū. Halekupapau ma ka Cape Mount i he keu huinahalike redoubt, a alakai ai i ka pā kaua o ke kumu lōʻihi me ka redanom. Ma na kihi o ka hooweliweli aggressors polubastiony hoalaala ia loko sandstone iwakalua mika, a e iai? Oaiaaiiuaʻawa a no ka mea kaua.

Ma waena o polubastionami kaʻikaʻiʻia ekolu-moʻolelo pōhaku lepo Lookout hale kiaʻi. Ka mea, Ua maopopo hana kūlana pale auwai a me nā pua. O ka mālama '-na hale wale ka Capella ola. Kukulu a i hōʻano hou i ka hale käkela pio a me ka sīwila limahana hana.

poʻo hina kahiko

Prior i ka 1806, e like me ka lākou o nā palapala archival Museum-Reserve, Kuznetsk pā i hoʻokahi wale nō pohaku hale - hoʻokahi-moʻolelo guardhouse me ke kiʻekiʻe hipped kaupaku, a dormer pukamakani. Ma mua o ka hale i kekahi laau hale kāmala lā, e hoomaka'kiu aku i ka parade lepo. Guardhouse i ka manawa - i kekahi kula no ka pōkole-makahiki hopu, a me ka guardroom. Kēia hale i kahi kokoke i ka puka o Kuznetsk. I hookuu i loko o ka hale hoomaha koa, mai ka hoonohonoho hou ana mai o ka poʻe kiaʻi.

I ka 1810 loa kūkulu hou i ka guardhouse ia no na koa e waiho i kekahi pōhaku kapuahi, i hoʻolako pono me ka laau palaoa. A hiki i ka hale kākela i hala, mai ka moku'āina o ka pale, i haalele i ka hale, e amo hoʻomaka koke, a i ka 1869 a kuai lilo aku no ka hamoʻia. Wale i ka makahiki 1970 ka mea i hou hou. Like kahiko mea i ka pohaku ka pauka Magazine me ka nū'ōlelo kaupaku me nā outbuildings. A puni ia, ku iho la ka ikaika pa loa ma luna o ka'ōpao. Ho'āno kaupaku i ka 1810 i wahi me ka pōhaku slabs, waiho iho la na eaves no ka wai nōkahea.

koa o ka Barracks

He He pōhaku hale ma luna o kekahi kumu o ka pōhaku i kūkuluʻia ma ka 1808. Heʻumikumamāono kona mau puka makani kau ma ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ka mea helehelena ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ka hale kiʻekiʻe, nū'ōlelo, a me eono dormer puka makani, i mokuahana hoʻopapakū holo pololei kaʻe. All Barracks oia o nā māhele, symmetrically kaʻawale, a me kekahi mau komo. Hahana loa lumi stoves. Ma ka pa, he bunk bunks. Naʻe, i ka nani o ka hale i ole, ua hoonele ia o: a ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ka lalau paia me ka e pio mai i ka weheʻana.

Aia i hoonoho ai i na makahiki elua haneri a me kanahiku kanaka Biysk ka pā kaua a me ke kīnā kime. Ma hope iho o ka abolition o ka pā e like me ka oihana koa e kukulu, koa Barracks, ua haawiia mai 1842 a hiki i kona maʻiʻo o ka hana hewa. Ua nui na manawa i ka hale i? Aeiino? A hana hou ia, a ma December 1919 o ka halepaahao i puhi ia e partisans. No laila, Ewa, koa Barracks no ka lōʻihi manawa oki i nei. Ma kona wahi e pili ana i loko o nā makahiki 90 o ka iwakalua kenekulia i alakaʻi lehulehuʻeliʻana, a loaʻa pono hoʻonaniʻia e neeaaia.

Ober-hale luna

Kēia hale pohaku ola mau luna eha Bijskogo battalion i loko o ka hana i loko o ka pā kaua pā kaua. Ka-yoa? Iiai kekahi hale me nā komo, a he umikumamakahi puka makani ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE mea helehelena i kūkulu alodio, akā, e like me ka ua i ka hana maʻamau i loko o ia mau lā,ʻaʻole me ka frills. Ā luna me ka hoʻokomo ea a me ka wahi i wāhiʻia ma waena o nā ramps, a me washrooms, lobbies a me ka nani triangular kapuahi i loko o ka hale noho 'āpana maopopo.

I huina, ka hale,ʻeiwa wahi maikai loa, elima o lakou i ka noho hoʻohauʻoli - ma ka kekahi lima, lumi kuke a me ka pili i ka hoʻoponopono lumi ma ka 'ē aʻe. Ma ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia i haawiia mai ma ka hale o ka luna makai i ka i ka oihana koa haukapila. Ka hale ua i nā luku, a ma ka 1905 i loko o kona wahi kūkulu i hale no na luna a me ko lakou mau ohana. Akā, i kēia hale koke ke ahi. Wale i ka makahiki 2000, ka hale o ka luna makai i ka hou.