Nā aliʻi a pau o Rusia ma ka mea (Makuahine): piha papa

Lalo o kekahi i ka papa inoa o nā mea a pau i ka Lūkini tsars. No ka mea, aneane 400 makahiki o ke ola ana o keia inoa ka mea, he loa okoa kanaka - mai adventurers a me Liberal (KS) a me conservatives i Wiliama lokoino.

Rurik

No ka nui makahiki, Rusia (mai Rurik i Putin) hoʻololi i ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana na manawa he nui. First luna ua hoʻokomoʻia ka inoa o ke alii. Ka wā ma hope o ka manawa o ka fragmentation pili aupuni a puni Moscow Ua ulu i ka hou Lūkini ana, ka Kremlin mea nona e manao ana pehea e lawe i ke aliʻi inoa.

Ua Ua lawe mai ma lalo o Ivan ka hoʻoweliweli (1547-1584). Na Luna Nui Duke manao, e kiʻi i mareia i loko o ke aupuni. A ua hanaia ka olelo hooholo i kēia,ʻaʻole ma ka ulia. No laila, Moscow Monarch 'aloʻahia ia ia - i ka hope o ka Byzantine i Emperor. Ka mea, o ka mea nana i haawi i ka Lūkini Orthodox Church. Ma ka XVI kenekulia ka Byzantine aupuni a pau i hou ola (ka mea, haule iho la ia ma lalo o ka hae o ka Ottomans), Ivan Grozny no laila, pono i manaoio i kana mau hana, e i ke kumu nui symbolic manaʻo nui.

Oia mōʻaukala huahelu me ke alii i ka ole nui ma luna o ka ulu ana o ka mea a pau aupuni. Ma waho o ka mea i Ivan Grozny i auou caiaiai ma ka inoa,ʻo ia hoopio no hoi Kazan a me Astrakhan khanate, e hoʻomaka ana Lūkini? Anoe? I ka East.

Keiki a Ivan Fedor (1584-1598) Ua kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia ma ka palupalu ano, a ola. Naʻe, ina ka mea hana mau, e kūkulu i ka moku'āina. Ua Ua hoʻokumuʻia ka patriarchate. Nā luna o ka Lūkini moku'āina i mau uku nui nānā i ke kahe o ke succession. Kēia manawa,ʻo ia ala pakahi aku la ia ia. Fedor aohe ana keiki. I ka wa i make ai, Rurik aliʻi ma luna o ka noho aliʻiʻoki pōkole.

manawa o ka popilikia

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Theodore hele mai la i ka mana, Boris Godunov (1598-1605) - kona kaikaina ma ka kānāwai. He i hui ole ia i kaʻohana aliʻi, a me na mea he nui noʻonoʻo la ia ia i ka usurper. I ka wa ia ma muli o ia maoli au i na ino i hoʻomaka i alahula mau pololi. Kings a me nā luna o Rusia i mau hoao e malama i ka maluhia ma ka aina. Ua hiki ole ke hana ai no ka mea, o ka mea Makamae i hiki ai ia Godunov. Ke aupuni Ua hala kekahi mau kua'āina uprisings.

Eia hou, i ka adventurer Grisha Otrepyev kapa iho la i kekahi o nā keiki kāne Ivana Groznogo, a hoomaka ae la i ka oihana koa kai eʻe ma luna o Moscow. He maoli kauoha aku e hoʻopio i ke kapikala a me ka lilo i ke alii. Boris Godunov mai a hiki i keia wahi i ole noho - make iho la ia, mai ola complications. Kana keiki Theodore II Ua pio a me ka make ma nā hoapili Falsdmitry.

Pretender lula pono i ka makahiki mua o kona mea i lukuʻia i ka Moscow uprising, a i hooeueuia disgruntled Lūkini boyars, ka poe i ole makemake i Lzhedmitry puni ana ia ia iho me ka Polish Kakolika. Boyar Duma Hoʻoholo ihola i kekahi, i ka pāpale aliʻi Vasiliyu Shuyskomu (1606-1610). I kou pihoihoi, wa pinepine na luna o Rusia hoʻololi.

Aliʻi, nā aliʻi a me nā luna o Rusia i pono mālama i kona mana. Shuya i i hoopaa ia, a ua hoʻokahuliʻia e Polish komohewa.

mua Romanovs

A hiki i ka 1613 Moscow i hookuuia mai ka aina e komohewa, ala ae la ka ninau ana o ka poe e mō'ī. Kēia kikokikona mea haawi wale na aliʻi a pau o Rusia ma ka mea (Makuahine). Ano ia ka manawa e kamailio e pili ana i ka pii a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o ka Romanov aliʻi.

Ka mua ia Auguseto o keia ano keia ano - Michael (1613-1645) - i ke kanaka loa opiopio i kona wa i hoouna aku ai i alii ai maluna o ka nui aupuni. Kona papa kuhikuhiE AIM i ke kaua me Poland no ka hopu ka mea, i loko o ka pilikia o ka honua.

O lakou na biographies o na luna, a me ka lā o ka Papa, a hiki i ka waena o ka XVII kenekulia. Ma hope o Mikhail rula kana keiki Alex (1645-1676). He hui ka Lūkini hema-kapa Ukraine a me Kiev. No laila, ma hope o kekahi mau kenekulia o ka fragmentation a me Lituania kona kūʻokoʻa 'ana fraternal kanaka, ma hope, hoomaka ae la e noho ai ma kekahi aupuni.

Alexei na lakou na keikikane. Ka hiapo no ia, Theodore III (1676-1682), i hala aku ai ma kekahi manawa'ōpio wale nō. Ma hope o ka mea, ua hiki mai i ka ia manawa i ka noho alii ana o nā keiki - Ivan a me Petero.

Petr Veliky

Ivan ua hikiʻole i ka holo i ka aina. No laila, i ka 1689 ka mea, hoomaka ae la ka hooponopono noho alii ana o Petra Velikogo. He loa hoomakaukau hou i ke aupuni i loko o ka Europa ano. Rusia - mai Rurik i Putin (ma kekahi mea, noonoo a pau na luna) - i mau examples ai, pili au mai o ka loli.

A hou koa a me ka moku. E hana i kēia, o Petero a hemo ke kaua ku e ia Kuekene. '21 he Northern War. I loko o kona Kuekene koa i luku, a me ke aupuni ua hooholo e hoohui kona hema Baltic aina. Ma kēia māhele 'āina i loko o 1703, ka mea, ua hookumuia oia e Saint-Petersburg - ka hou kapikala o Rusia. Petero ka pomaikai puʻe wale akula kēlā iā ia, e manaʻo e pili ana i hoʻololi i ka inoa. I ka 1721, ua lilo ia Auguseto. Naʻe, i kēia loli i ole hoopau kingship - ma ka maʻamau o ka olelo mō'ī hoomau e kahea aku na'lii.

Ke au o ka pā kaua coups

Ua ukaliʻia ka wā lōʻihi o ke instability o ka mana la o Petero i ka make. Mō'ī pomaikai ae la lakou i kekahi i kekahi me ka kahaha ko oukou naau regularity, kokua ma ka hale alii coups. Ma ke poʻo o kēia mau loli, e like me ka rula, ku kiaʻi a me kekahi mau courtiers. Ma keia au Ana I rula (1725-1727), Peter III Peter II (1727-1730), Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740), John VI (1740-1741), Elizaveta Petrovna (1741-1761) a me (1761-1762 ).

Ka hope o ia ua Kelemānia i kumu. I ka, hoʻokomo Peter III, Elizabeth Rusia kaua mai ai i ka kaua lanakila ma luna o Prussia. Ke hou mō'ī kaili aku la i ka mea i waiwai ai, hoi aku la ke alii i Pelelina, a manao ka maluhia Kuikahi. Keia kanawai, oia pūlima i kona iho make palapala. Kiai i hoʻonohonoho 'ia kekahi coup d'etat, ma hope i ua wahine Petero ka Ana II i ka noho aliʻi.

Ana II a me Paul I

Ana II (1762-1796) i ka walaau ole lehulehu manao. Ma ka noho alii, ua hoomaka ae la e alualu i ka manao o ka naʻauao absolutism. Ke Empress Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia ka hana kaulana o ka Ahaolelo Komisina, ao kona manao ua e hoomakaukau i ka hulina papahana no nā mea hoʻololi i loko o Rusia. oia i palapala aku i ka Mandate. Kēia palapala he nui manaʻo e pili ana i ka mea e pono ai nā mea hoʻololi no ke aupuni. ka wā i loko o nā 1770s ka Volga kua'āina uprising wawahi ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Pugachev mai na nā mea hoʻololi i ke ahulau.

nā aliʻi a me nā luna o Rusia a pau (ma kekahi mea a mākou i helu 'ia ma nā mea a pau i nā Mikionali a) i malama ia e pili ana i ka aina i ka ponoʻole nana i ka International Arena. Ka mea, ua i koe, a Ana. Ua ua mālama 'ia kekahi mau holomua koa paipai aʻo kai eʻe ma luna o Tureke. E like me ka hopena, Rusia, ua pili i ka Crimea, a me kekahi mau wahi o ka Black Sea. I ka pau ana o ka noho alii ana o Ana i ekolu pauku o Poland. Mai ka Russian aupuni a loaa nui āpana 'ma ke komohana.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka empress nui i hele mai i ka mana, i kana keiki Paul I (1796-1801). Kēia feisty kanaka, aole ia i makemake i ka puu o ka St. Petersburg waiwai.

Ka mua hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia

I ka 1801, ua kekahi, a me ka hope coup d'etat. me Paul A pae o ka poe kipi hana. Ma ka noho aliʻi,ʻo ia kāna keiki Alexander I (1801-1825). Kona noho alii ana i hele mai, mai ke Kaua Honua II, a me ka kaua o Napoleon. Nā luna o ka Lūkini moku'āina no nā kenekulia i oleʻalo ia he nui enemi 'uao. I loko nō o ka hopu ana o Moscow, Napoleon ua hee o. Alexander i ka loa a me ka hanohano loa-ike Mō'ī o ka Old World. Ua Ua i kapaia "ka liberator oʻEulopa."

Ma ko lakou aina iho, e like me ke kanaka opiopio, Alexander ho'āʻo e hoʻokō lokomaikaʻi nā mea hoʻololi. Historical na kii pinepine hoʻololi i kā lākou kūkulu 'ia me ka makahiki. Here a me Alexander koke haalele lākou mau manaʻo. He make ma Taganrog i ka makahiki 1825 ma lalo o pohihihi ana.

I ka hoomaka ana o ka noho alii o kona kaikaina ma Rotehama I (1825-1855) ua he kipi o ka Decembrists. No ka mea, o keia, no ka mea hope kanakolu makahiki, ka aina kaulana i ka makeʻe kulana kauoha.

I ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia

Eia nō i ka Lūkini tsars ka mea, a me nā kiʻi. Ke kūkākūkā i kēia e kālele ana ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE reformer o Lūkini statehood - Alexander II (1855-1881). He lilo ka manifesto o ka initiator o ka liberation o na kauwa. Loa ia'na o ka feudalism kōkua hoʻomōhala i ka Lūkini kuai a me ka capitalism. Ke aupuni hoʻomaka aneiai ulu. ʻO nā mea hoʻololi i loli i ka Ahahookolokolo, kūloko aupuni, hooponopono a me ka conscription nenoaia. Ka Mō'ī Ua ho'āʻo ana e hoala mai i ka aina ma kona mau wawae, a me ke aʻo i nā haʻawina i hāʻawi aiʻo ia losing i ka Crimean War, hoomaka ma lalo ma Rotehama I.

Akā, na radicals he mau nā mea hoʻololi o Alexander. Poʻe hoʻoweliweli Ua pinepine ae la oia i ko lākou aʻo nō ma luna o kona ola. I ka makahiki 1881, ka mea, pomaikai ae la lakou. Alexander II Ua pepehiʻia i ka pōkā pahū Naita. Ke kūkala nūhou i hele mai me ka kŰia i ke ao nei a pau.

Aie i ka hana 'ia i ka mea i make mō'ī ka keiki, Alexander III (1881-1994) a mau loa aku, lilo ihoʻoʻoleʻa reactionary a me ka makeʻe kulana. Akā, ka hapanui o nā mea a pau āna i ua ike i ke anaina. I loko nō o kona noho alii ana, Rusia i i lawelawe 'ia kekahi kaua.

ka hope alii

I ka 1894, Alexander III make. Mana hala i loko o ka lima o ka Rotehama II (1894-1917) - kāna keiki, a me ka hope Lūkini mō'ī. Ma ka manawa o ka kahiko honua mea me ka piha mana o nā aliʻi a me nā aliʻi i ola ma hope iho kona waiwai. Rusia - mai Rurik i Putin - ua ike i ka hailona o turmoil, akā, ka mea, ua ma lalo ma Rotehama ia oi ma mua loa aku.

Ma ka 1904-1905. ka aina ua hoano e ka nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaua me Japan. Ua Ua ukali ia e na kipi mua. ʻOiai unrest Ua uhi pū, ke alii, ua e e concessions i ka lehulehu manao. He uaʻaeʻo e hookupaa i ke kumukānāwai Kalikiano a me ka hale kanawai.

Kings a me nā luna o Rusia ma na manawa a pauʻalo me kekahi kū'ē'ē ma loko o ka moku'āina. Ano, i ka poʻe ke koho mp, ka poe i olelo ia mau olelo la.

I ka 1914 i ka First World War. No kekahi laila mahuʻi mua ia ka mea e pau i ka haule ana o kekahi mau aupuni a pau, a me Russian. I ka 1917, ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana wawahi mai, a me ka hope tsar ua e abdicate. Ma Rotehama II a me kona 'ohana i hana ia e ka Bolsheviks i loko o ka'ōpao o ka hale Ipatiev ma Yekaterinburg.