Ka holo akula-Apostol Sergey Ivanovich, Decembrist: Kawaihae

Bright pōkole ola o S. I. Muraveva-Apostol ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i nā hanana momentous o Rusia ma ke kakahiaka XIX kenekulia. Leo Tolstoy, ka poe i ole kaʻana like i nā manaʻo o ka Decembrists, kapa ia i kekahi o ka mea maikai kanaka, aole wale e akā, na nā manawa. A mamo o ka 'ohana kahiko, i mea ka hoahanau o ka mea kaulana Ukrainian Hetman Danylo Apostol, Sergei, ka mea i luna o ka papa inoa o ka Decembrists, lilo iho la i staunch Republican a me kaʻeleu hoa paio o ka serfdom.

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi Muraviev-Apostol

September 28, 1796 i ke keiki ha i hānau i loko o ka ohana o ka statesman Ivana Matveevicha Muraveva-Apostol, nona ka inoaʻo Sergei. Mahope iho o kona hanau ana, i hoouna Vinogradov i Emperor Paul Iʻelele i Hamburg, kahi ana i hele aku ai me kona ohana. Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana i ka 1801 i loko o Rusia, Vinogradov koke neʻe i Madrid ma ka hana. Ma lalo o ka'aloʻahiʻa i hele mai i ka mana i loko o Farani, Napoleona Rossiyskaya nuʻukia ua haalele mai o Sepania. Ka haʻalele 'ana i kona' ohana ma Paris, Vinogradov hoi i Rusia, a loaa i kona resignation. Sergey Education hoʻomaka ma Hicks 'hokele kaʻahele i kona wahi i kekahi koke i ka glibness a me ka maikai hana i loko o nā hana kumuhana.

Ohana

Ia nā keiki i ulu mai kahi'ē, a me ka olelo Farani, ma lalo o ka aoao o ka makuahine, ka mea, i ka ikaika pono o ka patriotism a me ke aloha no Rusia. Naʻe, ka wā i loko o 1809 i ka ohana hoi a hiki i St. Petersburg, a hauʻoli i nā keiki ia hoʻi, Anna Semyonovna, kā lākou makuahine koke ia ia Rusia mea i ka aina o ka poe kauwa, Ua haawiia i ke serfdom. Maikaʻi loa makemakika nā mea hiki Sergei ae ia ia i ka 1810, e hiki wawe ka komo i ka lānai hou i hana College o alahao nā kānakaʻenehana.

Komo i loko o ke Kaua o 1812

Napoleon ka hoouka ma luna o Rusia ma hope, i hoounaia mai o ka haumāna, e lawelawe i loko o ka ke keʻena luna o ka poe koa, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Kutuzov. Ma June 1812 ka Sergey 15-makahiki-kahiko ana i ka bapetizo ana o ke ahi i loko o ke kaua o Vitebsk, a laila, he opiopio lutanela i kuleana i loko o ke kaua o Borodino. Ke koa luna koa M. I. Kutuzov ho'āʻo e mālama iā ia ma ka ke keʻena luna, akā, ma ka pilikia loa ka'ōpio luna i kekahi hapa o ka demining poʻe ma lalo o ke ahi kaumaha o ka 'ōlelo Palani kūkulu, a malama aku i ka hoʻoikaika' ana i o na redoubts.

Tarutino kaua

Ka manaʻo nui o ka Tarutino kaua, a i ua eo i ka lua o ka lutanela, ka mea i ole ma ka 16th lā hoʻomanaʻo, i ole wale i i loaʻaʻana i nā hualoaʻa no ka manawa mua, akā, no ka hooulu ana i ka uhane o Lūkini hao wale. Moʻolelo manaʻo i ke kaua o tarutino kona pomaikai ma October 1812 puʻe wale Napoleon e hooholo, e hookaawale ia lana mai ka Moscow noho. A laila, ua he ikaika kaua o Maloyaroslavets, i alakai aku ai i ka mea i Napoleon hoole i hou mua i loko o ka Kaluga, ke kumu nui koa o ka Lūkini koa hoomaka ae la e alualu ae ia i ka emi Palani hao wale. Ma hope o Maloyaroslavets nā hoapili, mai hoouna mai i ke kula a hiki i ke kaua i ka helu hoi i St. Petersburg e hoʻomau i kona haʻawina, akā, ka holo akula-Apostol Sergey Ivanovich hoʻoholo e noho i loko o ke kaua. Komo 'Muraviev-Apostol i hou kaua no ka liberation o ka Fatherland ma ka Palani kaua i malama ia nā kumu kāki i ka pahi kaua gula, a me ka lanakila i ke ano o ka lutanela. Ma hope iho o ka expulsion o Napoleon mai Rusia, ua hookoia i ka Papa o St. Anne III-la loa.

haole kai eʻe

Ke aikane, e komo i loko o ka huakaʻi i ke kai eʻe, 16-makahiki-kahiko luna, i ka manawa i oleloia ma ka battalion o Chasseurs. No ka hihia ma lalo o Lutzen (Germany) ka holo akula-Apostol Sergey Ivanovich, kona Kawaihae ua loa paʻakikī, ua hookoia i ka Papa Hanohano o St. Vladimir 4 tbsp. me ke kakaka. Mai ka 1814, ma lalo o ke kauoha o General Rajewski, oia komo i loko o nā kaua, a ma hope o ke kaua kokoke Paris, ke kāpena'ōpio loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o Anna 2 Makalu degere. Ma Paris,ʻo ia me ia me kona kaikuaʻana Matthew mai, a me ka pu ma March 2014, hoi aku la lakou i Rusia, kahi a lakou e kali ana no ka makua kāne a me ka hoahānau o kaʻewalu-Hippolyte.

O ka hui ana o ka mea mua malu nā kaiapili

Ka lōkahi uprising o ka Lūkini kanaka e ku e haole kaua i ka 1812 hōʻike i ka mana o ka uhane o ke ano o kanaka, me ka pakaua. Ma hope o ka nani koa kai eʻe ia Rusia hookuuia Europe, mai kaʻauamo o Napoleon, naʻauao hapa o ka holomua Lūkini hanohano i kali no ka liberation o na kanaka o ko lākou'āina mai o kaʻauamo o ke autocracy. E like me ka S. I. Muraveva-Apostol, ka liberation o Rusia, mai ka auamo o ko lākou iho, e alakai i ka liberation o ko ke ao nei a pau, e hoʻokō 'ana a me ka pomaikai o ka aina.

Ka makemake e kōkua kanaka kuu ia lakou iho, mai ka hainā o ko lākou mau haku, e uhai mai o Ka Ho 'Oponopono ilihune, a ma ka mea ia manawa pale ia i ka hou ana o ka, weliweli o "Pugachev" Ua kūpono ma ka maikai poeikohoia o ka aeia no ka papa i ka pono e hoohui. Ka muaʻumi makahiki o ka XIX kenekulia i mau waiwai i loko o nā malu nā kaiapili, a me ka Masonic keʻena liʻiliʻi, ma i nā aliʻi ke hoʻopiha i ka uhane holo ma hope oʻeleu komo i loko o global hanana. I kekahi o kēia mau poʻe, i i hanaia i ka 1815, ua "Artel luna Semenov regiment", hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma N. M. Muravevym. S. I. Muravev-Apostol, ka mea ma hope o kona hoi ana mai o ka haole kai eʻe i hoolilo e lawelawe i loko o ka Semenov regiment, lilo pu me kona kaikaina Matthew hoa o ka Free. Nā Pahuhopu o ke kaiāulu kanaka, oia hoi o 15-20 kanaka a pau undefined a me ka vague. Soon, ma na kauoha o Emperor nā koa i disbanded, akā, kona mau lala hoomau i ka ke anaina kanaka, a me ka mea hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ke kumu no ka hou 'ana o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana.

"Union o ke ola"

Ka mua hui malu hui ana o na ilamuku ( "Union o ola"), i hoʻokumu i ka makahiki 1816, i loko o ka hale o na hoahanau Mouravieff-Apostol, i kekahi i hele e Prince Troubetzkoy, Alexander a me Nikita Muravyov Iakushkin. O ka hui ana o ka mea opiopio luna, i Kapa hou i loko o 1817 ma hope o ka hookamaia ana o kona mau lala i loko o ka Pestelya P. I. "Company oiaio a me ka kupaʻa keiki o ka Fatherland", e like me ia i, a koe IN NUMBER (30), akā, me ka nui maopopo i ho'ākāka 'Pahuhopu. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ke kuikahi i ka paio no ka liberation o na kauwa mai serfdom a me ka hoʻopau o ka autocracy, i ua enshrined i loko o kaʻo Samuel o ka huakai. Ma ka ho'āʻo pono e hohola aku kona keiki kaiāulu, ka lawe ole wale i ke aliʻi, akā, i ka waena papa, kalepa, a me ka clergy noa kauwa i loko o ke kaiaulu.

Kākoʻo ke kaiāulu kanaka, no laila,-kapa Mamo papa, a komo pū ka holo akula-Apostol Sergei Ivanovich. A me ka mea ulu o ka nuipa aʻeha ma ka naʻau i loko o ke aupuni, a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o Europa-ka laula hoʻokahuli aupuni kulana home' ole i loko o ka "Union o lāua nohoʻana," oi kuleana ole loaaʻi kākoʻo o ka oihana hae ma luna o ka autocracy, a me ka paa ana o ka republican kahua. I ka pono o keia hoʻokokoke ua hookupaa iho la ia ma kekahi noho'na makaainana i ulu 'ana i loko o 1820 koa kiaʻi Semenov regiment. Ma hope iho o ka suppression o ka haunaele ma ka Semenov regiment i disbanded, a ua hoolilo i ka ano o ka colonel i loko o ka Chernigov Infantry Regiment ka holo akula-Apostol Sergey Ivanovich. A hemo aku ma January 1821 Ahaolelo Lahui o Indigenous hookolokolo "Union o lāua nohoʻana," hai i ka noho male 'ana o ke kaiāulu. Naʻe,ʻaʻole i ole maoli lawe mai i ka liquidation a me reorganization o ka "Union", i kūpono i ka hoʻolālā o na mau poe e kūlike o ami hana.

"Hawaiian Society"

A huna hui ma Ukraine hoʻoili o ka hanaia ana o ka poe hoa o ka ahalunakanawai Tulchin 'mea e pono ai Union ", i ka inoa o" Hawaiian Society ". Ua Ua alai ia e P. I. Pestel, ke poo o ka mea nui loa Vasilievskaya ahalunakanawai, ua Sergei Muraviev-Apostol (Decembrist). Program pahu hopu a me nā Pahuhopu o ka poʻe, a ma ka makahiki 1825 hui o ka "Society o United Slavs", kau mai i loko o ka "Lūkini Make" kilo Pavla Ivanovicha Pestelya.

Society pahu hopu i ka hoʻoikaika i ka hana o ka "Union o lāua nohoʻana," akā, noi e hana hou decisively, a me ka pepehi kanaka o ke alii, e decapitate i ka monarchical aoao. настаивал на скорейших действиях с использованием войск, находящихся под командованием офицеров – членов «Южного общества». Pela Pestel manaoio aku i ka uprising e lawe wahi i loko o ke kapikala a me ka e pono makaukau a me Sergey Muravyov-Apostol, ka Decembrists a me ka hookuke ana no kokololio hana me ka poʻe ma lalo o ke kauoha o na ilamuku - hoa o ka "Hawaiian Society".

Ke uprising o ka Chernigov Regiment

Ma hope iho o ka ole o ka oihana'ōlelo ma ka Senate Square (Saint Petersburg), ma ka hope o Dekemaba 1815 ma ka Chernigov Regiment, hoʻonohoʻia i loko o ka'āina o Kiev, ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka haunaele koa. Ke kumu no ka uprising ua i ka hopu ia ana o Lutanela Colonel S. I. Muraveva-Apostol, ka mea i kino regiment luna, ma hope o ka loaa ana o ka lono o ka uprising i loko o St. Petersburg. I kekahi lā, i ka poʻe kipi i Vasilkov, a laila Motovilovka. I Motovilovka Ua heluhelu mua o ka laina i ka olelo hoolaha o na kipi ( "Orthodox Catechism"), i ua haku ka holo akula-Apostol a me Bestuzhev-Ryumin. Chernigov Regiment hoʻomaka e neʻe ana i St. Petersburg me ka manaolana i ka mea, ua i kākoʻo 'ia e nā koa naehana. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau manaolana, ua unfounded, a ma lalo o White Church, Ua puni i ka regiment ma ka poe o hussars a me gunners. January 3, 1826, ua pepehi iho la lakou ma ke aupuni poʻe kaua. Pokii Sergei Ivanovich, Hippolytus,ʻaʻole makemake no ka pio, ua pana mai, aʻo ia iā ia iho,ʻino palapu, i pio. Iloko o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana, ka mea naʻauao courageously a nobly, ho'āʻo ana e pale i kona hoa no keia pii, a e lawe loa ana i ka hewa.

Decembrist neʻeʻana i loko o Rusia

Decembrists 'ana i loko o Rusia ua kūikawā ma ia mea, e ole hilinai aku ma luna o ka kekahi nohona stratum, a, e hele ana ma luna o ka make kamepiula no ka liberation ana o na kanaka, e nana ana ia ia i kākoʻo. Ke kahua o ka interregnum ma hope o ka ulia ka make ana o Alexander au ae, e lawe i ke kiai regiments Decembrists ma ka Senate Square ma ka mea e puʻe ke Senate, e hai aku i ka make ana o ka autocracy, ka hoʻopau o ka serfdom a me ka paa o ka pili aupuni o kānaka.

Indecision a uncoordinated hana o ka poʻe kipi alakai aku ai i ka uprising o ka Decembrists (1825) i make. High karaima Aha hoʻokumu no ka hookolokolo ana o na hoa o ka oihana koa nei, i hoahewa ia ma ka pili ana i 121 kanaka. I kulike ai me ke degere o ka hewa o nā mea a pau i komo i ka papa inoa o ka Decembrists, ua māheleʻia ka mea, i loko o 11 na lalani. First papa, hoomaopopo ana no ka make hoopai mua, a laila UAIAaIN ma kekahi mau hana oolea, 31 kanaka i hoahewa ia. Five kanaka ike i ke Komisina o ninau ua i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi hookuuia e e līʻia, a me ka holo akula-Apostol Sergey Ivanovich. I Iulai 1826, i lawe mai i ka olelo.

House Muraviev-Apostol

Manor Mouravieff-Apostol ma Moscow aia ma ka Old Baseina Street. Ma hope o ka Decembrists (1825) ua he kipi, i kuai lilo aku la i ka hale. E hoʻomau i ka hoomanao ana o ka mea mua Lūkini revolutionaries nō manao Lunacharsky, ka mea i hele e wehe i loko o ka hale-Hale o ka waiwai o ka Decembrists. Manaʻo o keia manao ua wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 1986, akā,ʻelima makahiki ma hope ka mea i paa ma muli o ka poino hale. Kono i ka makahiki 1991 ma nā mamo o Mouravieff-Apostol i ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hale o kaʻohana hana. Ma hope o aneane heʻumi makahiki o ka hana ka papa kuhikuhiE Manor hale i kūkulu hou a ua hoʻolimalimaʻia i ka Decembrists iau. Currently, ma laila mau kaua nā hōʻike a me nā hele.