Kaua o ka loa-Egersdorf. I ka moolelo o ka lanakila nui o ka Lūkini koa

I ko makou koa mōʻaukala i lawa "keʻokeʻo mau kiko". Kekahi kaua me ka ike paha i ka 'oihana moʻolelo. A me keia mamua o ka oiaio i na mea he nui o lakou i ua pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana nui ole wale i loko o ka ulu ana o ko mākou'āina, akā, i loko o ka moʻolelo o nā'āina. Oia o ke kaua o ka loa-Egersdorf. Ua i ke kamailio ole ma ka hope o ka makahiki ehiku 'War, akā, e hoomanao i kēia hanana mea,ʻaʻole he pinepine.

Pōkole Historical Ka Ike

Loa aku la Egersdorf (loa aku la-Jägersdorf) - keia mea i ka wahi o ke kaua, a ulu aʻe 19 (30) i loko o August 1757. Ua Ua hele ia e Rusia a me Prussia. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, he mau 28.000 Prussian koa, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Field Ilamuku i Lewald. Ma ka 'ē aʻe - 55 000 Lūkini koa, ke kauoha hoʻokō ma nā mahinaʻai-ilāmuku, SF Apraksin.

Ike kaua i loko o ia mea, i ka bapetizo ana o Lūkini poʻe hao wale i loko o ka makahiki ehiku 'War. He ironic iʻaneʻi, e hoʻomau i ka moʻolelo o ke ola nui o ka Lūkini kaua. ʻAʻohe akā, make hoa, a me ka mahope hilahila lakou hee hope ana, ko makou poe koa e perepalo. No laila, ma kahi e mākou hoʻomaka mai ka 18th kenekulia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia?

prehistory

Ma kēlā mau makahiki, Europe i mua e hoʻokele i ka hoʻopoina e pili ana i ke kaua ano o ka Lūkini hao wale. O ka holo ana, ua hoi mua o ka kaua o ka Polish a me'Aukekulia "hoʻoilina", akā, nā manawa ka a hoʻokuewa wale 'Lūkini poʻe hao wale i ke kōkua o nā allies i "pili'." No laila, Potr Lassi i ka 1735 hooponopono iho i ke hiki aku i ka loa kahakai o ka Rhine, a me Prince Repnin paukū (13 makahiki ma hope o ia) a pau i loaa mai i ka lono o ka pau ana o hostilities i ka hele ana ma ka mokuna o Bohemia a me Moravia. Aloha kau, i nā kaua nui i loko o kēlā mau makahiki i kekahi mea e like 'aʻole i hana (ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, no na koa).

Manao Friedrich luna

Kekahiʻikepili ma Lūkini poʻe hao wale, mai Frederick II i kona mau luna. I kona manawa i loko o ka hana o ka Lūkini aupuni a pau o lakou Kate treshka Fink, Manstein a me Grant. Ka mea, i olelo mai ai me ka hoohaahaa ana ia ia o ka kauoha limahana o ka Lūkini kaua. Akā, Frederick ua i ka mea naʻaupō, a me ke kaua ma luna o nā fronts i loko o kona mau manao i komo. Mea la oia i ka Loaʻaʻia o kaʻenemi koa paha i ike, shlestyvayutsya me Rusia oia i makemake.

No laila,ʻo Lewald, ka mea i alakai i ke kaua o loa aku la-Egersdorf me kaʻaoʻao Prussian, i ka imperial mana ole wale i ke kaua, akā, no hoi a hiki i ka mōhai i mea kamaʻilio. Eia hou kekahi, Friedrich pololei hoopai aku ia ia ma ka hihia o ka lanakila ma luna o Russian ke malimali aku ia poe a hiki i ke ao nei. Eia ua pololei he 18-la kenekulia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia, Eia naʻe, ka mea, ua waiwai i loko o ke kaua.

Manao o kaʻaoʻao Lūkini

Ka naʻau i loko i loko o ka poʻe hoʻomoana o ka Russian (me luna) noho alii iho la decadent: ka invincibility o Frederick wale kaao ka mea,ʻaʻole i komo. Kona mau kaua nui ua kauoha aku e uhai i ka uhane o ka poe e noho ana me ia,ʻaʻole i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ke kaua!

Pu ole, pela mai ka loa "hana nona iho" Lehwaldt, Apraksin ua keia puppet, ua koi e hōʻike i Petersburg e pili ana i na meaʻuʻuku lā. I ka 1757, oia iʻaʻole i ike i kahi i makemake ai e e alakai hao wale. "Kou akamai" mai o ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva, na kauoha, "E hele aku i loko o keia ala hele, no laila, i ka hihia o ka pono me ka ewaewa ole i ka pomaikai, e huli a hiki ma Prussia, a hiki ma Silesia." Nui, aha hiki oe e olelo ...

State poe koa e kaua ana i poe

Ma May 1757 Apraksin koa hoʻomaka lākou koa kai eʻe. Ke koa Ua haku o ka mai i 100 tausani koa, a me 20,000 pili ana i ka motley militia. Poe kaua mai o Livonia, poʻomanaʻo, 'i ka Niemen. Oiai ka paukū (20 tausani kanaka), Kuhina-ma-Nui Fermor precipitates Memel, a me ke kākoʻo mai o ka Lūkini'auwaʻa. Eia hoi, ma June 25, Ua laweia kahiko kaila Memel, ma hope a ke kai eʻe kauoha aku huli no. Fieldmarshal Apraxin, e lawe i ka papa kuhikuhiE koa, kolo ana ma ka ao ao o Verzhbolovo a me Gumbinnen.

I ka mea ia manawa, a me kekahi poe koa Lewaldʻoluʻolu e kali manawa ko iala ma luna o nā kūlana hana maikaʻi-hoonohoia ma Vela. No ka Russian hana keia he uuku patrol paukū. Akā, i ka wa a ka Prussian kahua ilāmuku haʻawina i kona Lūkini colleague, hui me Fermor, 23 (12) ma luna o Augate hele i ke kulanakauhale Allenburg (Village o Peace ma ka Kaliningrad'āina), Lewald alalai mai "hoomaha" a 'alo i ka enemi, no kona makemake ia e hele hoouka . He ia i hookahuli ai i ma ka hope lanakila o ka Lūkini kaua ...

He aha noho ana no keia o ka'āina?

I ka pau ana o Augate (hou kaila) Apraxin hanaʻia i kela kapa o ka muliwai e kahe ana Pregel komohana hema Norkitena. Ma hope o ia, i ka luna o ka poe koa hoʻoholo i ka hoomaha, hoomoana ma waena o ka wai kahe, a Pregel auxin (i ka hookupu ana o Preti). Ua koho ia ka wahi i accidental: Ua uhiʻia i ka Akau ma mua o ka hiki enemi Pregel kahe, mai ka palena kuhikuhi i ke kulana o ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale me ka auxin, ma ka hema-komohana, ua he anuanu ulu lāʻau, ma i malu ke lilo aku he problematic kaua. Kikokiko i ka hoʻomoana hiki wale ekolu'ūlili liʻiliʻi i mea e akakaʻi hoomaluia.

Ke infantry i hana i ka phalanx hoopomaikai io, a me kona hema pūhaka e hoʻomaha ihola ma luna o auxin. Kahi kokoke i Schlossberg hale kākela. Ua uhiʻia nā'ēheu lio, e waiho ana ma ke alo o na kauhale Veynoten. Ka meaʻino loa i hiki i ka hema, a ma ka hihia o ka kaua o ka wale keʻakeʻa nei ma ka aoao o ka papa kuhikuhiE kaua o ka enemi.

No laila, Apraksina poʻe hao wale e kū ana i ka mau o ka lā, a me nā kime ma hope o nā mea a pau i kēia manawa i ole bother e e kekahi manao ana, i loko o ka pouli, e pili ana i ana i kaʻenemi ka kuhikuhi i ka hana me kona ikaika. He oi loa naaupo ma ka malamalama o ka mea ma ka hoʻolilo o ka luna koa, he 16 tausani Lūkini malamalama lio, i mea maikaʻi no kaʻimi loa i ka lewa. Eia hou, i ka i hoʻomoana ai wāwahi nui defectors nana koke ia e pili ana i ka manao Lehwaldt hoouka, e hoʻomaka ana i ke kaua o ka loa-Egersdorf. Ka lā ua iʻikeʻia me he loa maopopo: ke kakahiaka ma August 30.

About ka nele no ka akamai

Lewald, incidentally, o ua August 29 produces he piha-me ka unahiʻole reconnaissance ma ka hoʻouna 'ana no kēia mea, hoʻokahi nō ka mau koa: ka poe liilii, a me ka nui. E like me hapa o ka la mahope, ua like ka poe i 40 squadrons, o ka alihi kaua o i i kohoia General Shorlemer. Eia naʻe, Lehwaldt unlucky. No ka laʻana, Shorlemer uaʻaʻole hiki ke huai ae i ka pūhaka hema o ka Lūkini pūʻali koa ma lalo o Zitenfelde. Just ma keia manawa i loko o Zitenfelde hoouna aku i kekahi mea uuku poe alakai e Lutanela-Nui Lieven. Aia no hoi o ka lua o ka mahele, i i häʻawi mai ai iä i ka noho luna ana o ke Kuhina-ma-Nui Lopuchin.

Aloha kau, August 30, ua he kahua e pono ai no ka hale kiaka o ka absurd: nui kaua elua hoʻomaka i ke kaua, nae ka mea, aole ia i ike i kekahi o ka enemi lehulehu, a me kona mau lima.

Koa Russian a Prussian na puali

No laila, i loko o ke kaua o loa aku la-Egersdorf ma ka Prussians hiki mai ana: 22 infantry battalions a me 50 lio squadrons. Ka huina helu - ma kahi o 25 a me 28 tausani kanaka. Mea kaua kākoʻo ua hāʻawi i 35 mahinaʻai pū, "i ka leo" e mau kakini kaumaha pū.

Apraksin 89 battalions i kauoha mai ai i ka poʻe'ē he infantry, eha kakini waha grenadiers a me 46 squadrons o ka lio e wae. "Pono kākoʻo" i hoakaka ole malamalama lio. A pau ma lalo o ka Lūkini kahua ilāmuku, aia no ua kokoke 50-55 tausani koa. Gunners ua wale 154 mau a me ka 79 kahua pū. E like me ka haohao i Prussian kanakolu kaumaha Shuvalovskie howitzers i hoomakaukau ai.

ua kaulana He nui Western moʻolelo me ka hoʻowahāwahā maila iā ia me ka ua Lūkini superiority i loko o nā kānaka a me nā mea kaua i ka "loaa i ole ia he mea hihiu", wale ka mea, loa hoopoina e pili ana i kekahi o nā lāliʻi: (!) i ia 40-50% o ka Lūkini koa i ole komo 'ana i loko o ke kaua, i ua hoʻopili vague kauoha a me ka'āina ana. Ināʻaʻole no ka mea ikaika o nā koa a me na ilamuku, me ka kaua o loa aku la-Egersdorf hiki ia he moʻolelo laʻana o ka stupidest pio.

Pehea i ke kaua?

I ke ahiahi, August 29 Apraksin i haawi mai poʻe hao wale o ka mea, e hoʻomaka e olelo i ke kakahiaka nui. Me kekahi mau moʻolelo e olelo aku nei,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i paulele i ka hoike o ka mahuka, a ua hoʻoholo ihola i kuʻina i konaʻaoʻao mai o ka paha pitfalls. 'Ē aʻe nō o ka manao i ke kahua ilāmuku i manao ai e kaua i loko o ka oi wehe wahi (ʻo ia i makemake Grosse Egersdorf), a ua maikai ae hoʻomākaukau no ka lio hana. Ma ke kakahiaka ua ka hana ': Russian mua huahelu i loko o ka luku loa ka naau, anapu koke maka no he maka me ka holomua hapa o ka Prussians.

Ka hope hele mai a puni koke, a ma ka puali ololi nahele'ūlili originated chaos: hoʻopupule lio hehi iho ilalo oukou i ka poe kanaka, a me ka hope holopapa ke hana i kekahi mea, e kōkua kā lākou mau hoa make no ka tightness. Ke kaua o ka loa-Egersdorf.

Ieoaeunoai o ka Prussians

Koho Russian ua he nui hou, a pepehi i ka Prussians: Lewald? Aaeaaaaony i ka neʻe aku, e hoouka aku i ke kahi i hoʻomoana ai, a me ka ole kaua me ka hohola hele ana kolamu. Mua keia po Prussians haʻalele lākou wahi, a ma 3,30 i loko o ke kakahiaka, hoomaka ae la ia e kūkuluʻia, ua like me ka olua wahi iho loa Egersdorf. Noaia o ke kūkulu ua like penei: mau kikowaena lawe infantry battalion, elua uhi pūhaka o ka battalion a me kekahi lio naehana.

Ma mua o kēlā me kēia pūhaka, he ekolu mea kaua iuo aaoa?, Kela mea keia mea o ka a heʻeono pū. Ma keia wahi, no ka Prussians i i ike i ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale, akā, pono lohe kauoha a me ka drumbeat mea i hele mai, mai kona hoʻomoana ai. ua haawi mai ai i ka hana ana i ka mea i pono 4.00 am. Hapalua ka hola ma hope o ka Prussian kaua mea ma luna o ka hele ana, a me ka pahu kaua intruding ma Lūkini ?? eoi?. I ka Ia manawa, ua ho onui ana momentum, a me ka lio ma luna o nā pūhaka. First Kaua o loa aku la-Egersdorf hoʻomohala i ka lokomaikai o ka Prussians.

I ka loiloi mua ka pomaikai o ka Prussians

Aie i ka "mea hou ololi" Prussians mua laki. 30 squadrons o lio crushes Lūkini lio, a hele pololei i ka hope o ka infantry, i i Aia ma Veynotena. Prince o Holstein, ka mea poʻo mau squadrons i keia manawa e hoomaau i ka malamalama lio, ka mea i pio, e hele aku ma lalo o ka malu o ka mea kaua iuo aaoa?. Naʻe, i ka manawa o ka bulk o ka infantry i mua houluulu, a, e hana pu me ka regular lio, e hoʻokele e ek'ki i ka Prussians.

Ke kumu nui loa iho la kekahi ma luna o ka mau papa Lopuchin. He 'aneʻi i ka loa inaina kaua lua. Brigade Saltykov a me Villebois, i kau mai maluna o ka mana piha o ka Prussian kaua, e lawe kaumaha poho. Villebois Ua nalowale kokoke ka hapalua o kona koa, akā,ʻaʻole ikaika: ousted i loko o ka ulu lāʻau,ʻo ia mau ia "paʻahele", hoopai kaumaha a kui mai Prussia. Kūlana a me nā gunners: hoouna aku la i ko lakou akamai lima, Shuvalovsky howitzers hana i loko o Frederick nunui i wāhiʻia hao wale. I mau, he nui o ka lanakila nui o ka Lūkini koa, ua hiki kaʻoi loa ma ka masterful pono o ka mea kaua.

Ka tipping wahi

Ma ka lihi o ka ino-ola me ka make kaua o ka ulu lāʻau, a laila, hoʻomaka e hoʻoneʻe i loko o ka melee weliweli. Ua hele mai, mai ke kolu o ka mahele hookoe a koke pepehi i ka lio Shorlemera, ma hope i kona ua puʻe wale e emi hope, e hali ana i nunui poho. Holstein Aliʻi UOAAaOON e hoouka hou, akā, i kona lua hoouka ia ana hooauheeia. Ma keia wahi, i ka lua o ka Lūkini mahele, aole i lalau mai a me ka koko ole, ka dangerously kokoke i ka encirclement a me ka make. Position hoola Major General PA Rumyantsev, hahau iho la i ka eha hou regiments o Prussia.

Kēia loa ua kuleana. Ma nā nā kaua o ka Prussian echelons ulu ka haunaele i koke huli i loko o ka maoli panic a me ka hilahila. Ka lua o ka echelon somehow hooponopono iho i, e uhi i ka mea kaua a me ka rifle ke ahi, mai ka poe koa o ko lākou iho me ka mea mua laina, a laila, hoʻomaka ke stampede Prussians. Maikaʻi hoao ia Shorlemera lio, na kanaka ka poe i huli mai ma lalo o kaumaha Lūkini ke ahi, e hoʻokele i ka mālie a me ka pololei lakou hee ana. Other māhele o ka Prussian koa holo ai ana i ko lakou manawalea ana i oi ma mua o kekahi lā.

No laila, aha mea i ka hopena o ke kaua i i wahi i ka makahiki 1757? Ke kaua i pololei hoʻomaka 'ana, e ohi i ko lakou koko ohi ana: ai kaʻaoʻao Prussian o ka poho ua oaeuiinoe i 4.5 tausani kanaka, mākou poʻe kaua i nalowale 5500. Pepehi mai mākouʻaoʻao, he ma kahi o kekahi, a me ka hapa tausani.

He aha ka i ka hopena?

Apraksin, aiʻulupā Lehwaldt i loko o ke kaua, oia hoi me he mea lanakila ma ka Prussians. Prussian kahua ilāmuku malau akulaʻo ke kaua i Vela. Apraksin ia, hiki ka hola ma ka wahi ma ke kaua ua a hiki i ka lua o ka pae o ka Prussian poe koa, i ka mea. Wale ma September 5, alaila e kaili i ka sluggish hoao e hoouka aku i ka hema pūhaka Lehwaldt. Ka naʻauao he kuemi hope mai, hoopakela aku e malama i ka poe koa.

Lūkini poʻe hao wale, e halawai me ia, i ka 1760, ka wā āna i ua he commandant o Pelelina, e hoonohonoho i ka pale o ke kapikala o Prussia ma na hana o ka Russian General Totleben.

I ka hopena o Aukake, Apraksin hope wehe 'ia mai o kona noho, a, ua i ka wikiwiki a me ka wikiwiki i kela kapa o ka Pregel, hoʻomaka koke aku i ka Niemen. Me ke kali hou aku; o ka hebedoma, i ka Prussians hoʻomaka e mau alualu mākou poʻe hao wale, e hahai mai ia lakou i ai i kona mokuna. Maʻi puʻupuʻu hoʻomaka ma ka Lūkini kaua. Kalmyk nā hoʻoholo lio i ae mai kona maʻi ia ka pōʻino i i haʻakoiʻia, e hoʻi i ko lākou'āina.

Ua wehe 'Apraksin mai ka oihana a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka aha, akā, ma mua o kona makeʻana o ka hahau ana. Na kumu no kona panic kuemi hope ole a hiki i kēia lā. He hiki ia ia i haʻakoiʻia ia mea i kekahi kauoha mai ke kulanakauhale alii. Mākou i olelo mua ia ka Field Ilamuku ua hikiʻole i ka lawe kuokoa hoʻoholo a piha ike i ka nui o ko lākou mau kuleana no ka holo, no laila ka mea, ua aneane o kona hooholo ana.