Kiev na'lii: Leeuwerikplein kulana a me ka ano o ka Papa

Kiev na'lii, ka Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka mea e e kūkākūkā hou ia, mau ae la ia mai ka 1132 ai 1471 makahiki. Kona palena komo pū aina e ho'āpono wale, a Drevlyane ma ka Dnieper River a me kona hoʻokupu - Pripyat, grouse, Irpen a me Ros, a me ka hapa o ka pali, hema.

Kiev na'lii: Leeuwerikplein wahi

Kēia ?? eoi? Moe Polotsk aina ma ka akau-komohana, a me ke kukulu akau-hikina, ua Chernigov. Western a me ka hema-komohana hoalauna,ʻo Poland, a me ka na'lii o Galich. Ke kulanakauhale, kūkuluʻia ma luna o nā puʻu, i maikaʻi loa aia i loko o ke koa. , Ua pono e hoike ia ia ia i ua pono hoomaluia e hōʻike i ka Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka Kiev na'lii. 'Aʻole i hiki aku moe i ke kulanakauhale kahiko Vruchy (a Ovruch), Belgorod, e like me Vyshgorod - i nā mea a pau o ia maikaʻi pakaua, a e hoʻomalu aku i ka aina e pili ana i ke kapikala, i hoakaka hou hoomalu ana i ke komohana a me ka hema-komohanaʻaoʻao. Ma ka hema o ka mea uhi pakaua'ōnaehana i kūkuluʻia ma luna o nā kapa o ke Dnieper, a me ka helu o ka maikaʻi-hoomaluia kulanakauhale ma ka muliwai Ros.

Kiev na'lii: ano

Ma lalo o nā ikepili e e hoomaopopo na'lii a moku'āina ho okumu i kahiko Rus mau ae la ia mai ka 12 a hiki i 15 kenekulia. ua Kiev ke kālai'āina a me ka moʻomeheu poʻo. Ua Ua hana mai o hoʻokaʻawale wahi o ka Old Lūkini moku'āina. Ua i loko o ka hapalua like-12th kenekulia. i ka mana o na luna o Kiev koʻikoʻi manaʻo nui i wale i loko o nā palena o ka na'lii. All-Russian manaʻo nui i nalowale kulanakauhale, a me ka Competition no ka hooponopono a me ka mana ana a hiki i ka Mongol kaua. hala i ka noho aliʻi no kekahi'ē mea, a ua hiki ke koi ae i na mea he nui o ka ia. A no ka ho'ākāka 'nui i ka manawa kūpono o ka mana kaukaʻi ma ka aoao o ke alii ko lakou ikaika o Kiev, a me ka ai-kapaia "ʻeleʻele hoods".

Social a-yeiiiie? Ola

pâʻani 'o ia i ka wahi kokoke i ka Dnieper he kūlana nui i loko o ka waiwai ke ola. Ma waho aʻeo e kamaʻilio me ka Black Sea, ua alakaʻi 'Kiev i ka Baltic, mea kōkua mai i ka Western Dvina , a Berezina. Desna a Seim liaise me Don a me ka Oka, a me ka Western pilikia , a Pripyat - me ka Neman, a me ka Dniester. Aia i ka ai-kapa ala hele "mai ka Vikings a hiki i ka Helene", i mea no ka hana. Aie i ka mea momona a me ka lepo mehana aniau, mahiai ulu koke; Ua haawi ia holoholona? aneii, huli holoholona, i hana noho i loko o ka lawaia a me ka beekeeping. Ma kēia mau māhele ua maheleia ae la i kakahiaka nui e piele lakou. "Drevodelie" pâʻani 'o ia nō ka nui a Mānoa, like hoʻi me Pottery a me ka tanning kau. Aie i ke alo o ka hao hoʻokomo kālā, ka mea, ua hiki i ka hooulu ana o ka smithing. He nui ano o ke hooheheeia (kālā, ke tina, ke keleawe, ke kēpau pōkā, gula) i lawe mai ai, mai kokoke aina. Penei, i kēia mau mea a pau lakou aloha i ke kakahiaka nui kahua o ka oihana a me ka maalea ana ma Kiev, ma nā kūlanakauhale o ia.

pili aupuni moʻolelo

E like me ka make ana o ke kapikala o nā mea a pau-Russian waiwai, i nā luna o nā aupuni ikaika loa hoomaka e hoouna aku ma Kiev proteges - "podruchnik". A precedent i ka 1113, ma i ka holo alaʻokoʻa makakoho aponoia ma ka succession a hiki i ka nohoalii i kono e Vladimir Monomakh, kaukaualiʻi a laila hoʻohana e hoapono ia ia i ko lakou kuleana e koho i ka ikaika, a ua makemakeʻia e lākou aliʻi. Na'lii o Kiev, i ua pu ma ka hōʻike o ka moolelo o ka hakaka, Ua huli i loko o ke kahua kaua, kahi o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale i na popilikia nui poino, i hōkaiʻia, a me na kanaka ia lakou iho i pio. Manawa kumupaʻa Kyiv i ike ai ma ka manawa o Vladimir Monomakh, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich o Chernigov, a me Romana Mstislavovicha Volynskogo. Other hoʻomaka koke ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi luna, he nui nā moʻolelo i colorless. ʻino poino na'lii o Kiev, ke Leeuwerikplein kulana e leie aku ia ia, e hoomalu aku i keia mea maikai no ka lōʻihi manawa, iloko o ka Mongol kaua i ka 1240.

disunity

Makamua Russian State initially hui pū tribal ko na'lii,. Naʻe, i ke kulana i loli. Over manawa, i ka wa a ka kūloko hanohano hoomaka e e hoʻoneʻe ma muli o ia i ke 'ano o ka Rurik, e hoʻomaka e hana i na'lii, a ua noho mana ana ma ka poeikohoia o ka kaikaina laina. Zavedonny mea o ka succession ua mau Ua divisive. I ka 1054 Yaroslav Mudry a me kāna mau keiki kāne hoʻomaka e puunaue Kyiv na'lii. Fragmentation Ua lilo ka inevitable no o kēia mau hanana. Ke kahua worsened ma hope o Lyubechenskogo Hale Pule Nui aliʻi i ka 1091. Naʻe, i ke kahua i hou i ke aloha a hiki i ke kulekele o Vladimir Monomakh a me kana keiki Mstislava Velikogo, ka mea e hoʻokele i ka malama i ka manao pono. Ka mea hiki kekahi manawa hou i ma lalo o ka mana o ke kapikala o ka na'lii o Kiev, ke Leeuwerikplein kulana i ua lā maikaʻi no ka pale aku i na enemi o, a no ka hapanui loa wale kipi hakakā luku aku i ke kahua o ka moku'āina.

Me ka make ana o Mstislav i ka 1132, hele mai kālai'āina fragmentation. Eia naʻe, manaʻo huhū mea, Kiev malie no kekahi mau makahiki paa i ke kūlana ole wale no ka olelo iwaena konu, akā, i ka loa ikaika loa na'lii. Kona keiki ua i nalowale loa, akā, ua hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia nunui hoohalikeia me ke kahua i ka hoʻomaka o ka XII kenekulia.