Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich: Kawaihae

Nikita Muravev i kekahi o na luna o ka Decembrist neʻeʻana. He ua i ka mea kākau o ka mua kikoo kumu kanawai, a me ka pokole poai puni i ka North ka hui pu malu. Iloko o ka uprising ma St. Petersburg Muraveva ma ke poʻo ua ole, akā,ʻo ia, ua hopu nō no ka alapahi informer.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

Wā e hiki mai Decembrist Muravev Nikita i hanau July 30, 1795 ma St. Petersburg. He hele mai kekahi ohana koʻikoʻi. Kona makua kāne, Mihail Muravev - Senator, ke kahu o ka Moscow University, mea kākau a me ka publicist lua mea aʻo. Mother Ana no i ke kaulana Lūkini aliʻi ohana Kolokoltseva.

Muravev Nikita Ua hoʻonaʻauao ma ka hale, a ma hope puka 'o ia mai ke Moscow University (ke kālaikūlohea a me Balanced' Oihana). I kakahiaka nui 1812, lilo iho la oia i ka collegiate Kakau. Naʻe, i loko o ke kauwela o ke kaua. Ke Lūkini pūʻali koa ma e Napoleon. Muravev Nikita haʻalele i ka hale me ka piha mau ho'ākākaʻana i ka makua, a hele aku la i loko o ke kaua. Wa opiopio lākou i heluʻia ma laila me ka hae. He lilo i lâlâ o ka haole kai eʻe o ka Lūkini kaua mai ka 1813-1814. Hae iʻikeʻia ma luna o ke kahua kaua ma Leipzig. Kaua no ka mea, o kona nui ua lilo i kapa ia ka "kaua o nā lāhui kanaka."

Ma Europa,

I ka pau ana o ke kai eʻe Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich i laila 'o ia i ka General Staff. Eia naʻe, ma hope o kekahi mau mahina i ka ia a pau i ka 1814 Napoleon hoi, mai ke pio ma Elba. E hoomaka ana o ka mea kaulana "100 lā". Ka holo akula i kēia manawa ma hope o ka aggravation o ke kahua ma Europe i Aole he kokua i Arseniyu Zakrevskomu - kekahi o ka Lūkini pūkaua ke keʻena luna ma Vienna.

I ke kauwela o 1815 Napoleon i hope make. Ua hoouna aku ai i ka ka mua Auguseto mokupuni o Saint Helena, kahi i make ai. Ia manawa, ka mea opiopio Muravev Nikita triumphantly holo lākou i loko o Paris. Like ke koena o ka Lūkini haole paipai aʻo kai eʻe,ʻo ia i mea haohao ia ma pehea ola ma Europe mea okoa, mai na realities o kona'āina hānau. He mau hana ma hope alakaʻi nui hou kanaka, e lilo i ka Decembrists. I ka manawa, ka holo akula hauʻoli no kekahi lanakila me kona mau hoa. Ma Paris i loaa i ka puu o ka mea nui i kona hoalauna,ʻo ia halawai ai me nā luna o ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana - ka Bihopa Anri Greguarom, kākau moʻolelo Beniamina ikaika, a pela aku ...

Ohana

E manao ana i ka backwardness o Rusia, mai ka West, Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana i ka hale me ka hou ikehu Ho'āʻo kona hoʻonaʻauao. Oia hoi, laila, ua ike oia he nui wā e hiki mai Decembrists. Lakou pili ana i ka ia ana Kawaihae: ke kaua, i ke kai eʻe ma kahi e, hoihoi manaʻo o ka noa Eulopa.

Ka holo akula ku ma ka kêia kanaka o nā papa hana mua o ka Decembrists. I ka makahiki 1816, ka mea i hanaia "Union o ola," a ma ka 1818 - ". I ka pono o ka Union" Ka hope hui kikowaena ma kahi o 200 kanaka. Formally, ka mea, ua he mea pohihihi, akā, ma ka ike maopopo i ke kaiaulu i ua lohe nuiʻia. E ike e pili ana ia, a ma ka loa luna. Ke kumu o ka Union mea e hoʻonaʻauao kanaka, a, oi loa, i ka serfs. Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich, a me kona poʻe kākoʻo i manaoio aku i ka luna ino o Rusia ua e noho kauā kuapaʻa, i loko o ke aupuni. Ma ka hookuuia kua'āina ka mea, ike aku la i ka huali wā e hiki mai ana o ka aina.

"Union o lāua nohoʻana"

Ka "Union o lāua nohoʻana," Nikita Muravev me Sergeem Trubetskim a me Aleksandrom Muravevym (ʻaʻohe pili) kakau iho la oia i kaʻo Samuel kaiāulu - ". Green Book" i ka Ma ka mea, i ka walaʻauʻana koi o i hauʻoli mana i ua kālaiʻia. Ua makemake aku i ka abolition o serfdom, i ka make ana o ka autocracy a me ka muli o ka Lūkini kumukānāwai.

Ma ka "Green Book" au iʻikeʻo Alexander I. A, alaila, haawi mai ia ia, e heluhelu i kona manao hope - kona kaikaina Konstantin Nikolayevich. Initially, ka Auguseto i ole e lohe i ka hoʻolālā o ka Decembrists, e noonoo pono ia leʻaleʻa Kauhalenui opiopio. Naʻe, i ka 1820, Alexander manao ma Rusia e ku ei ko lakou mauʻoi aʻe nō hoʻi, kipi hoʻololi ma hope ma Europe loaʻa i ua mau Hope, a me Semenov regiment.

kikoo kumukānāwai

"Union o lāua nohoʻana" i mea hoʻoheheʻe i ka 1821. Ma hope iho o ka mahae ana o ka hui Nikita Muravev hoʻoili i ka hoʻokumu o ka Hawaiian Society. Ia laua a hiki i keia, la oia i mālama ai i loko o ka poʻe kiaʻi. I me ia i loko o Minsk, Decembrist hoʻomohala i ke kikoo mua o ka wā e hiki mai kumukānāwai. Uaʻikeʻia nui hou hou i na olelo o ke koi kahiko. Kumukanawai Nikita Mikhailovich Muraviev i kākau ai no ke aupuni i loko o a ka feudal'ōnaehana, conscription, ina ua ua luku koa noho (no ka mea, o ka mea a kipi Semenov regiment). Ke aupuni mō'ī ua ia e kaupalena '. Kēia papahana i ua nema aku e nā alakaʻi o nā Decembrists.

Ka holo akula ua ka loa influential hoa o ka Northern malu ma luna o kekahi me ke kaulike nō me Nikolai Turgenev, a me kekahi'ē aʻe ui kanaka. Decembrist i i poina i ka malama ma ka nano me Pavlom Pestelem. He, ma ka huli, ua i ke poo o ka Hawaiian Society, a hiki i Muraveva lālā o kona kālai'āina kino - ka mea kuhikuhi, hoʻowahāwahā kekahi ideological oko ao.

Ke hopu a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia

Ma December 1825 Nikita Mihaylovich Muravev, nona Kawaihae mea he kumu hoohalike o ke ola ana o kekahi o ka loa nui huahelu o ka Decembrist neʻeʻana, haʻalele ia me kona 'ohana ma ka hoomaha. No ka mea, o keia, oia hala a pau o nā hanana pili me ka ho'āʻoʻana, e kipi, e ku ana ma ka Senate Square, a lanakila disgruntled moku'āina nenoaiu. Ua hopuia Muraviev i kekahi mau lā ma hope, ma 20 December. Kona alakaʻi kūlana i loko o ke ola ana o ka hui pu malu aku la o Arkady Mayboroda, he mua hoaaloha o Pestel a nei hui ka Hawaiian Society.

I ka 1826, ma ka olelo hooholo o ka mana, i ka holo akula a hoʻokuewa wale 'i ka hana oolea no ka 15 makahiki (Ua hoemi hope i ka olelo). Huna komite e noiʻi ana i ka hihia o ka Decembrists, a hoike aku la i kona sketch iho o ka moolelo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni lehulehu. Ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi kanaka e ana i ka hale paʻahao i loko o Chita a me Petrovsky hola. I ka pio, oia mālama i loko o nano me kekahi o na Decembrists. Ma hope o 10 makahiki o ka hana oolea ka holo akulaʻo ia i hele ai e noho i loko o ke kauhale o Urik Irkutsk. Aiaʻo ia i komo i loko o ka mahiai, a me ka wehe ana i kona iho wili. He make ma kona makahiki 47, May 10, 1843, aʻaʻole e kali ana no ke kala, a hoʻi i St. Petersburg.