Huna "Hawaiian Society" Decembrists: he kulekele palapala, kumu a me ka i komo

I ka moolelo o ka XIX ke kenekulia Rusia mea incredibly waiwai i loko o hanana likeʻole. Eia naʻe, no ka Decembrists 'uprising ma Senate Square ninoaaeyao i waena o lākou i mea kūikawā wahi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ina o ka manao o na hoao ana a pau muaʻana a me ka pomaikai ole oe, e hopu i ka mana ma ka aina ua e puku i kekahi autocrat'ē aʻe, a laila, i kēia manawa ka mea, ua i ka loli o ka nohona'ōnaehana a me ka hoʻololi i ke kaʻina hana no ka moku'āina Republican rula. Nā initiators o ka December uprising he lālā o ka "South" a me ka "North" malu nā kaiapili, kauoha aku e HI ka holo akula, Trubetskoy a me Pi Pestel.

prehistory

I ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka Decembrists 'uprising mea IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mau, e hoʻomaka ana me ka hookumu ana o Aleksandrom Muravevym ma St. Petersburg "Union o ke ola" - He hui pu malu, a hai kona pahu hopu i ka liberation o na kauwa a me ka hali ana mai'ano'ē nā mea hoʻololi i loko o ka poepoe o ka moku'āina'ōnaehana. Kēia hui ana wale i kekahi makahiki, a ua disbanded ma muli o ka oko ao ma i komo 'manao ma ka manawa kūpono o ka regicide. Eia naʻe, he nui o kona mau lala hoomau kā lākou mau hana, manawa i loko o ka "pomaikai Union". Once ka poʻe kipi aʻo i ke Aupuni e manao ai e hoʻolauna ma na kahua o na kipi o ko lakou poe kiu, kahi āna i hana "Northern" (kakahiaka 1822), a me ka "South" (1821), malu nā kaiapili. I ka mua o ia hoʻohana i loko o ka'ākau kapikala, a me ka lua o ka - ma Kiev.

Hawaiian kaiāulu

I loko nō kekahi mau moku'āina kūlana o ka hui o nā poʻe kipi ke hoʻohana i loko o Ukraine, kona mau lala, ua nui loa aku o'ano'ē kauʻia ma mua o ka "northerners". Keia ua kuhikuhi manawa a hiki i ka nui, e hoike ana i ka "Hawaiian Society" oia loa o na ilamuku, ka hapanui o ka poe i hana i loko o ka hakakā, a ua imi mai kona mau lala e hoʻololi i ka pili 'ole o ke aupuni ma ka oihana koa coup a me ka regicide. Ka popoiwi wahi i loko o kāna hana, i lilo ai i loko o ka makahiki 1823. Ua i laila ia i wahi ma Kiev me ka hālāwai kūkā i aponoia i ka kulekele palapala "Hawaiian Society" no ka mea kākau e Pavla Pestelya, i kapaia "Russian Make". Kēia hana, pu me ke kikoo kumu kanawai Muravʻev hilinai ia e na hoa o ka "Hawaiian Society", pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana nui i loko o ke kahua o ka holumua ai manao i waena o ka Lūkini aristocracy o ka XIX kenekulia, a, incidentally, alakai aku ai i ka abolition o serfdom.

pilikino E pili palapala

"Russian He oiaio" Pestel i imua iā ia ma luna o ka pā hale lālā, "Hawaiian Society" i ka makahiki 1823. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'hana ana ma luna o ka mea hoʻi i loko o 1819. Total i ua palapala 5 mokuna ma luna o ka'āina, ka papa a me ka aupuni nīnūnē. Pestel i manaoia e Kapa hou i ka Nizhniy Novgorod i Vladimir, a hoʻoneʻe i ke kapikala o Rusia ka hou hoʻokahi moku'āina me ka republican 'ano o ke aupuni. Eia hou, i ka "Lūkini Make" hoala mai i ka ninau o ke abolition koke o serfdom. Ka "Hawaiian Society" Decembrists kekahi hui pū:

• like ma mua o ka kānāwai, na kamaaina;
• ke kuleana e koho "Popular Ahaolelo" no na kanaka a pau maluna iho o ka makahiki o he iwakalua;
• kūʻokoʻa o ka ōlelo, ka hoʻomana, ka papa,ʻaha kanaka, ka hele a me ka paapu i kanaka;
• inviolability o ka hale, a me ka kanaka;
• like ma mua pono.

pahu hopu

Like i ua mai la, "Hawaiian Society" ua oi'ano'ē ma mua o ka "Akau." Kona papa kuhikuhiE manao ua i ka:

• ka hoʻopau o ka autocracy, me physical luku o nā hoa a pau o ka hale aliʻi o Romanov;
• ka abolition o serfdom, akā, me ka haawi ana i ka aina a hiki i na kauwa;
• hoike o ke kumukānāwai;
• loa ia'na o ka papa ka hanohano;
• ke kukuluia'na o ka 'elele aupuni.

P. Pestel: pōkole biographical sketch

No laila, ka poe i ma ka helm "Hawaiian Society" a hana i kekahi o na palapalaʻano nui e pili ana i ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o Rusia, ma ke kumu o na kumu mua o ka mālamalama? I ke kanaka ua Pestel, Paulo Ivanovich, ka mea i hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1793 ma Moscow, i loko o ka 'ohana Kelemānia, kahi hooia Lutheranism. I kona makahiki 12, i hoouna mai ai i ke keiki iā Dresden, kahi āna i aʻo i kekahi o ka paʻa kula. E möakäka hou hoʻonaʻauao Paulo Pestel i loko o ka pūʻali Pages, a ma luna o kona paʻa i ke kanaka opiopio hōʻike 'ia ma ka Lituania regiment. Koa 'oihana o ka wā e hiki mai kipi ua oi aku holomua. Ma kekahi, Pestel hoike mai i na hana mana o ke koa ma ke kaua o Borodino, a ma nā kaua o ke Kaua Honua II i ka 1812, ua ua kumu kāki i keʻano o ka Lūkini, a Ally Ka hoʻolilo 'ia.

Pili aupuni ha awina Pavla Pestelya

Ma hope o ka lanakila maluna iho o Napoleon i loko o ka papa o ka Lūkini luna me kālai'āina i ka hoʻolālā, AIM e hoʻoikaika i ke kahua o ke kauwa a me ka hoʻohāiki 'a luku aku i ke aupuni mō'ī. I kekahi o kēia mau mea i ke koa a me ka Paulo Pestel, ka mea i lilo i lâlâ o ka "Union o ola", hope "Union o lāua nohoʻana," a me ka hope alakaʻi i ka 1821 "Hawaiian hui pu malu." I ka papa kuhikuhiE miscalculation mea i Pestel Paulo Ivanovich, ka mea, ua i kona kamaʻilio ana, ma ka hopena o ka lanakila o ka ia kipikipi ana ke aupuni loa aliʻi Aupuni Kuikawa la. Kēia manaʻo i kena manao i waena o nā lālā o ka "Hawaiian Society", like iwaena o na kipi, ua nui wale o ka poe i ike i loko o kāna mau hana, a me ka makemake e lilo i ka dictator, a me ka Napoleonic iʻini ma waho. Ia mea ke kumu o ka "northerners" i wikiwiki e hui pu iho la me ka "Southerners", kā lākou nohona ma Loaʻaʻia i ultimately ho'ēmi i kā. E hoopono ana mai o ka palapala, i 1824 Pestel, e noonoo pono iho misunderstood ma nā hoapili, oia ua hoano e loa kaumaha, a hiki i kekahi manawa nalowale hoihoi i loko o nā hana o ka "Hawaiian Society".

"Hawaiian Society": i komo

Ma waho P. Pestel, lālā o ka hui pu malu, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i waena o nā luna o nā koa naehana hoʻonohoʻia ma luna o ka mokuna o ke kālā no Ukraine, he mau kakini maikaʻi-ike koa i ka manawa. Ma 'ana, mawaena o na luna o ka "Southerners" kūikawā mana keia manawa, S. Muraviev-Apostol, M. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Davydov a me ka meʻe o ka Patriotic Kaua o 1812, ka makahiki S. Volkonsky. No ka hooponopono ana o ka hui ua, ua koho ka mea kuhikuhi, a, ma ke kaʻawale mai Pestel a me Nikita Muraviev, i komo i ka quartermaster-nui AP Yushnevsky.

Hana ma na Aupuni, e kiola aku la i ka hana o ka malu nā kaiapili

Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka Decembrist neʻeʻana, e like me ka ka ina me kekahi'ē aʻe conspiratorial nā kaiapili, he poe kipi a me provocateurs. Ma 'ana, i ka mea ona kuhihewa la oia i Pestel, nawai au i hoolilo i ka malu "Hawaiian Society" kona subordinate - Captain Arkady Mayboroda. Hope i ole i kekahi ka hoʻonaʻauao, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma lehulehu grammatical hewa i nā makana i loko o ka denunciation palapala ma luna o ia Pestel, au ua kolohe. Ma ka haule ana o ka makahiki 1825 Mayboroda i ka nui neoneo o nā koa 'kala. Makau i ka hopena,ʻaʻole ia i haʻi Aupuni e pili ana i ka pōʻino e hiki mai kipi. denunciation O mua o nā poʻe kipi i i ka pili-Komikina'Āina luna ma Sherwood, a hiki i kapaia i Alexander ka First e hoike, a hoouna aku la i ka wahi o ka hana a hiki i ka Apana Regiment pilikia, no laila, i ka mea hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hōʻike i nā Pahuhopu a me ka manao o na kipi.

E hoomakaukau ana no ka uprising

Ma ka Akuma ka o ka makahiki 1825, i ka halawai ana me General S. Volkonsky, Pestel i hōʻike 'pale "Hawaiian Society" i loko o ka hiki ana mai malama, i ka mea nui o ka mea i ka wa hoomakaukau ia no ka uprising, hoʻopaʻa' no January 1, 1826. Ka mea o ia i kēia lā alakaʻi iā lākou i Vyatka Regiment i manao e hana i kaʻoihana o ka poe kiai ma ka ke keʻena luna o ka 2nd Army ma Tulchin. Poe kipi Ua hoʻololi i ala hele, hoʻoikaika ihola hele ana i St. Petersburg, kokuaia mai e nui nå mea 'ai. Ua Ua ea ae ia ka mea, makemake e hopu i ka alihi kaua a me ka luna o ke kookoo o ka poe koa, a me ka neʻe i St. Petersburg, kahi a lakou i kākoʻo 'ia e koa huahelu alakai ma luna o ke Aupuni Lālā "Northern Society".

I ka hopena o ke kipi ana o ka Decembrists no ka lala o ka "Hawaiian Society"

Mau kanaka ike i ka hopu Pestel Paulo Ivanovich a hiki mua o nā hanana i loko o ke Senate Square, a ua kakau nui ia, December 13, 1825, i ka hopena o ka denunciation Mayboroda. Ua Ua hope e kali ana, a hāʻawiʻIa aku ai i ka pā hale 37 lala o ka "Society o ka South", like hoʻi me 61 mau lala o ka "Hawaiian Society" a me 26 kanaka e pili ana i ka "Society o ka South Slavs". He nui no ia i ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i kekahi mauʻano o ka make, akā laila kala, koe wale no kaʻelima: Pestel, Ryleeva, Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Kakhovka a me Muraviev-Apostol.

Ke uprising o ka Chernigov Regiment

Ma hope o lilo ike o nā hanana ma ka Senate Square, a me na mea he nui o na luna o ka "Hawaiian Society" Ua hopu, i ka i koe noa kā lākou nā hoapili hoʻoholo ihola e retaliate. Ma kekahi, ma December 29, luna o ka Chernigov Regiment Kuzmin, Sukhinov, Soloviev a me Schepillo pepehi i ko lakou mau luna, a hookuu Muraviev-Apostol, ka mea i paʻa i loko o ka kauhale Trilesy. I kekahi lā, i ke kipi i hopu i ke kulanakauhale o cornflowers a me Motovilovka, a hai mai la i ka "Orthodox Catechism", a, ma ka hoopii ana i ka hoomana olelo la o ka poe koa ho'āʻo e wehewehe i ka ia i na ōlelo 'ia no ka divinity o ka imperial mana - fiction, a ua Lūkini kanaka e hoolohe wale mai oe i ka makemake o ka Haku, a me ka ole autocrat.

A mau lā ma hope, i ke kauhale e paa ana ia Ustymivka clash ma waena o ka poʻe kipi a me ka noho aupuni ana kaua. A, S. Muraviev-lunaolelo pāpā koa i ke ahi, me ka manao ana pela e na luna i loaʻa iā lākou iho ma ka kekahiʻaoʻao. E like me ka hopena o ka luku, ua houia oia, me kona kaikaina hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, a ua hopu ia 6 luna a me 895 koa. Ke'ī mai, ka "Hawaiian Society" Ua oki, e ola ana, a i kekahi lukuia kona mau lala kāohi 'ole ho'ēmi a a hoʻokuewa wale' ia Siberia a me ka poe koa, ka mākau alu kaua i loko o ka Caucasus.

I loko nō o ka mea i loaʻa iā ia i ke kipi ana o ka Decembrists ole pomaikai, e hōʻike i ka Lūkini Moi ma ka pono no nā mea hoʻololi, a, nae, i ka wa a ka naoh o Rotehama II i ole, ua hana. I ka Ia manawa, i ka polokalamu "Hawaiian Society" a me "Ke Kumukānāwai" Muravyov i impetus i ke kūpono 'ana o Lūkini manao, e hoʻololi i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni a papa hana, a, ma ka rula, a ua alakai aku i ka 1917 kipi.