West Rusia: hōʻike, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo a me ka mōʻaukala. Western a Hawaiian Rusia - Mōʻaukala

Ma ka Middle Ages, Western Rusia ka loaʻa o nā panalāʻau e moe ana me Hungary, Poland a me Lithuania. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka pili aupuni fragmentation i loko o ka'āina, he mau poʻokela, e paio ana me kekahi i kekahi no ka mea kēpau.

Part o Kievan Rus '

Ma mua o ka muli o ka hookahi kahiko Lūkini moku'āina ma luna o ka mokuna o Western Rusia noho tribal kālepa o Hawaiian Slavs: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi a me White Croats. In IX-X kenekulia. ka mea, i pili i Kiev. Kēia kaʻina hana i pau i ka noho alii ana Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Rusia ma ke kūkulu'ākau kaʻaoʻao o ka Balticʻohana: Lithuania, Prussia a me Zhmud. Kēia mau poʻe e noho lā ma ka Baltic kapakai, e kuai me ka Slavs meli a me ka Amber. No kekahi manawa ka mea, i ole oweliweli pilikia i Rusia. Ka mea, ua nui ka ikaika komohana hoa noho - ka Polish Aupuni. bapetizo ke Slavic kanaka i like me ka Roma aoao. Ka oko ao ma waena o Kakolika, a Orthodox ua i kekahi o na kumu o ka hoʻopilikia ma waena o Rusia a me Poland. I 981 Vladimir ka Sun Red i hai mai kaua ma luna o Prince Mieszko I, a lanakila i ka ai-i kapaia o ka aina o Cherven, a i ke kumu nui kulanakauhale o Przemysl.

Ma ka hema komohana Rusia i pau ai na steppes, a he hale i ka Turkic-olelo ana nomads. Mua, aia i ka Pechenegs. Ma ka X kenekulia e auou caiaiai ia e ka Polovtsy. Like ma waena o lakou, ua i ka mea, a elua hehi kuni ihola ia i ka pololei, huakaʻi i Rusia, pu ma ka looting a me ka hanaʻino i civilians.

Ke au o ka pili aupuni fragmentation

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Yaroslava Mudrogo i ka 1054 hoʻokahi Old Lūkini moku'āina Ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau alii. Kēia kaʻina Ua pio ka polokalamu gradual. Ma kekahi o ka Kievan aliʻi, e like me ka Vladimir Monomakh, i ke aupuni hou i holistic. Eia naʻe, ka hakaka a me ka agnatic seniority mahope maheleia Rusia. I ka XI kenekulia i ka papa kuhikuhiE na'lii a ma ke komohana Rusia ua Volyn me kona kapikala i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav aliʻi

Here entrenchedʻana iho, mai Rostislav Vladimirovich - ka moʻopuna Yaroslava Mudrogo o ka papa kiʻekiʻe laina. Theoretically, ka poeikohoia o ka hua, a hiki i loio i kuleana ia Kiev, akā, i loko o ka "makuahine o Lūkini kulanakauhale" entrenched'ē aʻe Rurik. Ma mua o nā keiki i noho ma ke alo o Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - Kiev kia'āina. I ka 1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers a Iesuruna, mai o ka Prince Vladimir, a no kekahi manawa noho i ka māhele 'āina holoʻokoʻa.

Eia hoi Rostislavichi hopu Volyn ma hope o Lyubech Ahaolelo i ka 1097 a me ka hookuku kaua kivila kaua. I ka Ia manawa ko lakou mau iaia i nā kauhale o ia i loko o ka māhele 'āina (' Aʻohe wai iaʻu, mai Vladimir a me Przemysl) - Terebovlya a me Dorogobuzh. Moʻopuna Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich i ka 1140 merged ia, a hana mai i ka hou na'lii a me kona kapikala ma Galicia. Kona poʻe e noho ana ua ulu waiwai ma luna o ka paakai kālepa a me kona mau hoalauna. Western Rusia ua strikingly okoa, mai ke anuanu kukulu akau-hikina, kahi o ka Slavs noho i loko o ka ulu lāʻau ma ka Pinilana ohana.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

A lohe ke keiki a Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (alii iho la oia 1153-1187 GG.) Kalikia na'lii a ua hoano e he gula makahiki. A pau i kona noho aliʻiʻo ia i ho'āʻo ai i ko oukou pale ana i ka hegemony o Kiev a me kona kuikahi me Vladimir-Volyn. Kēia paio i pau ai i ka pomaikai. I ka 1168, ma lalo o ke alakaʻi o kaʻahahui o na'lii Andreya Bogolyubskogo hoopio aku Kiev a kumakaia i kona waiwai pio, ma hope i ke kulanakauhale ole ola. Kona manaʻo nui pili aupuni emi mai, a me Galich, ma ka mea ku ole, ua i ka piko o Western Rusia.

Jaroslav alakaʻi i kaʻeleu kuwaho, ke komoʻana i loko o kuikahi nei, a me ka kaua ana ia Hungary a me Poland. Naʻe, a me ka make ma luna o Osmomysl Galicia, hoomaka ae la ka paio. Kona keiki a me ka hope, Vladimir Yaroslavich ua ae ka supremacy o ka Rostov Prince Vsevolod ka Big punana. He aumeume ana me ka Boyar kue, a ua ho'ōla kipakuia mai o ko lākou mau kūlanakauhale. Ma kona wahi i kapaʻia Volyn Prince Roman Mstislavovich, e lawe ana i kahi hookahi, i nā'āpanaʻelua i loko o ka ikaika centralized na'lii.

Ka Hui o Galicia a me Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - like mua Galich aliʻi - ua he mamo Vladimira Monomaha. E like me kona makuwahine, ka mea, ua i ka pili o ka Polish nohoaliʻiʻana. Ia mea i kahaha ko oukou naau i kekahi keiki i lawe mai ai i loko o Kakow.

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Vladimir Yaroslavich Roman hele mai i Galich, pu me ka Polish poe koa, i hāʻawiʻia mai nona ma ke alii - kona Ally. Ua hiki i ka 1199. Kēia lā ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka lā o ka hoʻokumu o ka hookahi Galicia-Volyn na'lii. Mōʻaukala o Western Rusia i kēia wā o ka hoihoi ''ōwili pūʻia o medieval Slavic kulekele.

Roman Mstislavovich palua hoopio Kiev, akā, i kiʻi i kona aliʻi, a kau ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o ka kūloko ma ka pono a kanaka i loaʻa iā lākou iho i loko o poluvassalnoy ke kaumaha ma muli ona. Ka nui makaʻu o ka Kalikia kiaaina i ka hoʻolālā o ka moʻo o ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe e ku ei ka Polovtsian, i loli ai nā Western a me Hawaiian Rusia. E kaua ana me na nomads, Roman io i ke kōkua o nā mea a pau i kona poe hoahanau, mai ka Rurik aliʻi. Aia i unconfirmed kumumanaʻo o ia i ka 1204, ma hope o ka haule ana o Constantinople ia ia, holo aku la a hoʻokuewa wale 'Alexios III Angelos Emperor.

E kaua ana i kona makua kāne Daniel hooilina no

Roman Mstislavovich make i ka 1205 ma hope o ka imi mea hihiu ana ulia. Daniel kana keiki ua pono ke keiki pēpē. Kalikia boyars i ka lanakila o keia, ae nele aku la ia ia i ka noho aliʻi. Ma kona ola, Daniel kaua me ke kipi aristocracy, Lūkini aliʻi a me ke komohana hoalauna no ka pono, e hoʻi i kona makuakane i ka'āina hoʻoili. Ua ua he ao alohilohi i ka'āina piha i nā'ēheu kēia'ēheu o nā hanana. A no loko mai o ka noho alii ana o Daniel Romanovich Western Rus i kona waiwai a me ka pili aupuni pomaikai.

Kia mana luna ua serviceman ka papa, a me ka hoʻokiwikā e noho ana, ka mea i kākoʻo i ka luna o ke anaina. I ka makahiki o ka maluhia a me ka pomaikai, Daniel kōkua mai i ka ulu ana o hou i nā pā kaua, a ikona-oaio? A, e,ʻo enterprising poʻe kālepa a me ka mākaukau artisans. I ka mea, ua hookumuia oia a me Lviv Hill.

Ka puna makahiki o Western Rusia

Ma ka hiki i adolescence, i ka 1215 he keiki i ka Haku o Volyn. Kēia hooilina, a lilo kona papa kuhikuhiE patrimony. I ka 1238, oia Mahope hoi i ka na'lii o Galich, a he mau mahina pio Kiev. I ka uluʻana o ka hou mana hooki i ka Mongol kaua. Back i ka 1223 o ka opiopio Daniela i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka Slavic aliʻiʻahahui komo i loko o ke kaua o ka Kalka. A laila, i ka Mongols o ke kahua hookolokolo ana e poipu Polovtsian hehi. Aiʻulupā ka Ally kaua, hoʻi akula lākou, akā, i hele mai hoʻi i loko o ka hopena o 30-ies. Ma mua, i ka akau-hikina mai Rusia i devastated. A laila, hele maila i ka huli ana o ka'āina hoʻoili o Daniela. Eia naʻe, ma muli o ia ka mea i ka Mongols i markedly poistrepali kona poe koa, ka mea, ua hiki ke pale aku i ka nui loa ana i loko o ka wai auau o Oka a me Klyazma.

Daniel ho'āʻo e kaua aku me ka Mongolian make māinoino ma ke komoʻana i loko o kuikahi nei, me ka Hui aina. I ka mea Kalikia Rus a me WesternʻEulopa kōkua 'ana, a kuai aku me kekahi i kekahi. Manaolana e kōkua, Daniel a hikiʻae eʻae i ke aliʻi inoa, mai Pope, a ma ka 1254 ua lilo i ke alii o Rusia.

Kona mana ua ma par me ka Poland ikaika a me ka Hungary. I kekahi manawa, i ka wa o ka North-West Rusia i ae mai ka Crusaders, a me ke kūkulu'ākau-hikina o ka Mongols, Daniel e hoʻokele i ka malama i ka maluhia i loko o kā lākou waiwai. He make i ka 1264, e waiho i ka hoʻoilina nui i kā lākou keiki kakou nana.

Ke emi a me ka lilo o ke Kuokoa

Children a me ka moopuna o Daniela, ua hikiʻole naʻe i ka malama i pili aupuni Kuokoa, mai ke Komohana. Ua maheleia Galich a me Volyn'āina ma waena o Poland a me Lithuania, a lawe maluna iho o ka mua Lūkini ko na'lii, ma dynastic ka mare, a ma lalo o ka pretext o ka hoomalu ana, mai ka Mongols. I ka 1303 iho archdiocese, i mea pololei subordinate i ka Heihei Hoewaʻa o Constantinople ka mea i hoʻokumu i loko o ka māhele 'āina.

Ke kaua me Rusia ma kona komohana mau hoalauna ia Poland a me Lithuania e puunaueiaʻi kona aina iwaena Galicia-Volyn hooilina. Ua hiki i ka 1392. Soon, i nā lāhui kanaka elua kakau i ka hui ana, a hana i ka hoʻokahi Rzeczpospolita. Kaʻia "Western Rusia" Ua i nā lilo archaic.