Nā hui pili koko segregation: i kēia manaʻo i kēia mau lā?

Ma ka United States, a nei, ua i ke kaawale ana o ke keʻokeʻo heluna kanaka, Naʻau a me Indians, me ka ai-kapaia nā hui pili koko segregation. Ka wehewehena o keia kŰia ua pono hoikeia mai ma kona pono a me ka factual, ao ke ano.

hihia mōʻaukala

Segregation ma ke kānāwai, i lilo ai i loko o ka makahiki 1865 ma hope o ka kūhelu abolition o ka hoʻoluhi maʻAmelika. Ke kaulana 13th hoololi ua papa ka noho kauā kuapaʻa, a ma ka mea ia manawa legitimized i ke ola ana o ke kaʻawale negro kula, hale kūʻai, a me nā koa naehana.

Ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia he moʻo o nā kānāwai ma luna o segregation o ka lāhui i Japanese, e like me "Kanawai e hookaawale ia Hawaii" i mea aneane hiki ole ke loaa US kupa ma ia i aponoia.

hale segregation

Ma localities kahi i ke ala o ke ola, i ole loli no ka makahiki, kanaka o kekahi mau nationalities i mea maʻa mau selilos i kaʻawale wahi mai kekahi i kekahi. No laila, ma ka hapanui o nā kūlanakauhale kope ku ae la ka hale segregation. He aha kēia mea hiki e ia manaʻo ma ka hana o ka New York, kahi ma ka mōʻaukala o kona ola i hana kaʻawale Negro, Pākē, Japanese mau kaiāulu.

Hale segregation i na 'ano apau loa. No ka laʻana, hoʻonaʻauao kaawale no Naʻau a me ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko ma ka United States ana oi ma mua o ka haneri makahiki. Ka mua loio i pāpā ma segregation i loko o nā kula i aponoia i loko o kekahi mau US Huipuia, wale i ka makahiki 1954, a ma keʻano o kona ola pu ma na hana kue o ke keʻokeʻo heluna.

Uaʻinoʻino kŰia i Ua he pāpā ma poʻe'ē he mare "keʻokeʻo" a me ka " 'ia nā pōpō". Children mai ia ka mare i loa i hoʻopuʻukahua a bullied. Pinepine ka mea, e makemake mai e lawe ma luna o ke aʻo a me ka Negro kula, a me nā kula no nā 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko.

Hihia Army ...

Ua waiho ia ka loio i kumu o ka segregation i loko o ka US Army ma ka Ahaolelo pae i ka 1792. e pili ana i Militia Act stipulates i hookauwa hiki wale "noa hiki-kino puʻipuʻi keʻokeʻo kane." Wale i ka 1863 ka mea i hoʻokumu i ka olelo kaʻina hana no ka Recruitment o Naʻau. A negros i mālama ai i loko o kekahi mau wahi, kahi hoi o ka hapanui luna kulana noho ana ma ka 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko. Ka mea, i discriminated e ku e ia ia ka lanakila i ka pili-Komikina'Āina luna kaua, e like me ka ia nā kumu kāki o mau mekala a me nā hōʻailona o ka e pono ai.

Up i 50-ies o ka XX kenekulia i ke kahua i loko o ka poʻe koa i koeʻaneʻane ua hoʻololiʻia. Kaawale hoʻolele leo o nā lawelawe, he pāpā i komo i loko o hostilities, ka hoʻokae 'ia nā kumu kāki i aʻe - a pau i kēia poʻe kaua segregation. I keia kŰia ua unconstitutional kūpono liʻiliʻi, e lilo akaka ma hope o ka hookamaia ana o ka 1964 Kanawai Rights Act wale.

O kēia moku'āina o ka mea

segregation pilikia a me keia la e waiho loa pili. I ka hoike o ke Kumu ma Harvard University , Gary Orfilda 2006 kaulana i aneane i ka piʻi like a pau o 'Amelika hui, hoalohaloha aku ia i liʻiliʻi segregation i ua lilo ma kaʻumi makahiki i hala iho nei. He aha kēia 'o ia hoʻi i loko o ka manawa keia, ka mea, he mama i ka maopopo, makaikai i ka palapala, a ua hōʻike ma ka hui pili koko stratification i loko o ka United States ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o ka noho.

I houluuluia ma ke kumu o ka palapala holo'āina'ēʻikepili o nā kupa o kekahi mau kakini Hawaii, i kēia mau palapala i ka pilikia makapō e hoohalike ai i ke ola o ka mea consumer segregation. Ma 'ana, ka pouli-ua kēnā hoʻokiwikā heluna o Detroit, St. Louis, Paminahama mau e noho kaawale mai ke keʻokeʻo.

Aia ka hoi ka mea e ku pono ana manao, e like me a ka Amerika Huipuia mea maopopo he mau au no ka manao lokahi hoʻohui 'ana o ka heluna kanaka. Over ka 10 makahiki i hala, nā hui pili koko segregation ua emi mai ia ma nā mea a pau nui 'Amelika kulanakauhale.

Ua Ua manaoio ia ke koho no ka lāʻau kū o ka US Peresidena Baraka ObamyʻApelika Waena-American ae e kń ia i ka hilahila kŰia like segregation. O kŰia i loko o 'Amelika ke kaiāulu kanaka,ʻaneʻane hehi mai, hai mai la ia ma ka hoike economists Edvarda Glauzera mai Harvard University a me Iakova Vigdora o Duke University.

Ma ko lakou like, e memo ia i loko o ka makahiki 2010, "ʻeleʻele ghettos" noho wale 20% o kaʻeleʻele heluna kanaka o Amerika, akā, i kēia huahelu hiki 50% ma ka makahiki 1960. Naʻe, i ka degere o ka hoʻohui 'i nui US kulanakauhale i koe i ka ia, a me na kanaka i loko o Atlanta, Houston, Dallas, a oi noniakahi ma mua i loko o New York. O ka 13 kūlanakauhale a me ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa like ana oʻApelika Waena Americans no New York hōʻike i ka makemake liʻiliʻi loa no ka hoʻohui ' "waihoʻoluʻu". Ma naʻe o nā mea a pau i ka? Ueony pono polokalamu, e koe kekahi o ka loa segregated kūlanakauhale i loko o ka 'Amelika.