Eduard Shevardnadze: Kawaihae, kālai'āina 'oihana, kiʻi, kumu o ka make

I ka 2014, make aku la ia i ka Peresidena o Georgia, a ma o nā lā o ka Soviet Union - Aina Kuhina. He ua 86 kona mau makahiki, a ua Eduard Shevardnadze i kona inoa. Kēia kanaka e e kūkā mai ma lalo nei.

Komsomol

Eduard Shevardnadze, kona kiʻi i loko o ka pauku, i hānauʻia ma ka 1928. Eia kekahi ma Georgia, ma ke kauhale o Mamati. A 'ohana i Eduard Shevardnadze i hanau ai, ua he nui, a nui loa kona waiwai. Kona makua kāne hana i loko o ke kumu kula o Lūkini 'ōlelo a me ka moʻokalaleo, a me ka Edward me ka umi makahiki moonlighting me he postman.

Maʻino repression i ka 1937 Edward ka makua kāne i pakele hopu ma ka huna mai o ka NKVD. Hoola no oia ia i ke ola ana o ka lālā o ke kookoo o ke kanaka ka Commissariat, ka mea mua i? Anoee. Edward iho lākou i heluʻia i loko o ka 'inikua kula, kahi āna i puka' o ia me ka hanohano. Akā, 'inikua me ka hana pono, ua mohai aku la ia i kona' oihana pili aupuni, a hoomaka ae la ia me ka lāʻau kū vacated kakauolelo o ka Komsomol. Kona 'oihana i ulu koke, a ma ka makahiki 25, lilo' o ia i ka mua kakauolelo o ka Kutaisi City Komsomol Komite.

I ka wā e hiki mai, ka mea e lawe ma hope o ka naoh o ka Keokia wā kamaliʻi a hiki i ka palapala hoike o Khrushchev ma ka XX Ahaolelo Lahui o ka Party. Tbilisi activists Ua'ōlelo aku ka Initiative o keʻano pākīkē debunking o Stalin ka kanaka cult. E like me ka hopena, i hoʻolauna i ke kulanakauhale, a me ka poʻe hao wale i hoʻohana ikaika, a pepehi 21 kanaka. Kutaisi noho ma luna o ka sidelines mai ka turmoil. He mea hiki ole i ka olelo e like ana keia i hoʻokani i ke kūlana o Eduard Shevardnadze, akāʻo ia i hoʻopiʻi. A makahiki ma hope aku la ia, ua alai ae Komsomol ma o ka Repubalika o Georgia.

Anati-palaho hooikaika ana

Mai ka oihana o ke Kuhina Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievichʻo ia i laila 'o ia i loko o makahiki 1968 a hiki i ke kia o Kuhina o Kūloko Affairs o ka repubalika. Ma ka kekahi lima, keia ua he mahuahua, aka, i ke kekahi. Ua ola i loko o ka hoʻomalu nakeke o ka Soviet mana o ka unspoken rula, e like me a i ka mau o ka hana keia oihana i loko o ka makai o ke kahua hope o ka 'oihana, no ka mea hoʻi i loko o ke kulekele i ole, ua unuhi. Penei, keia wahi ua he make pau i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka 'oihana? Acaeoey. Akā, Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich, nona Kawaihae Ua piha ka hoihoi 'Kai a me' ana e haʻalele, ua kauoha aku e kiʻi mai o keia kulana.

Ka mea i ka Soviet Caucasus māhele 'āina ua nui ino, a ku iho la ma keia wahi i loko o ke kāʻei kua o na mea a pau'ē aʻe, Ua i mamao aku mai ka maikaʻi, Union. Anati-ka palaho kai eʻe a hemo aku ma ka Kremlin, ua ma ka pono o ka hilinai kanaka, hookohu ole iaʻi lakou me kona kūlana. Akā, Shevardnadze O pono ia i ka inoa maikaʻi, a ua, e like me ka mea i hoike ia Brezhnev. E like me ka hopena, oia i hoouna mai i aʻo i ke kūlana o ke kakauolelo mua o ka Tbilisi City Komite. A makahiki ma hope, i ka makahiki 1972, i alakaʻiʻia e ka repubalika. Eia naʻe, eha wale nō makahiki ma hope, lilo 'o ia i ka lala o ke Komite Central o ka CPSU, a i kau ia ia ma ka hana. Ka hopena o ka mua Five-Year Plan o anticorruption Shevardnadze i ka hoʻokuʻu loa 'ia o kahi o kanaha tausani kanaka. Hoahewa ia ma lalo o ke kānāwai i loko o keia hihia, he 75% - ma kahi o kanakolu tausani.

Nā Papahana O ka paioʻana bribery, a ua hoʻohana 'Eduard Shevardnadze, i kona Kawaihae mālama i ke aloha i ke akea resonance ka mea, ua loaʻa iā ia i loko o kaiāulu. No ka laʻana, ma kekahi o na halawai o ka Keokia Central Komite, ninau mai la ia i ka akoakoa mai la na ilamuku h ÷ ike i ka wristwatch. E like me ka hopena, me ke koe nae o ka nei kohoia a hiki i ke kia o ka mua kakauolelo i kona "nani" haahaa, ua pau 'ihiʻihi a me ka pipiʻi "Seiko". Ma kekahi wā,ʻo ia banned i ka hana o ke kaʻa'ōhua, akā, ikea mai piha o kaa me ka ano hiʻona i ke alanui i keia manawa. He waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo, no ka mea, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka keia manawa ponoi e hali ana i hoʻolaha like unearned makahiki, a hoohewaia.

Eia naʻe, e loa kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o bribery mai ka meakino hooponopono pa alima pilikia. I waena o nā hōʻike manaʻo o kēia wā, he mea no hoi ka poe i hea aku ia ia i na hana o ka mea helehelena, me ka hopena o ka a kekahi powa i lawe i ka wahi o ka 'ē aʻe.

pili aupuni kohoʻia

Shevardnadze Eduard Amvrosievich pakahi aku la ia mahalo i waena o ka heluna o ka repubalika loaa ia lakou ma ka makahiki 1978, a me ke kumu no ka mea ua he kue pili aupuni ma o ka'ōlelo kūhelu. Ke kulana home 'ole ua mau mea waleʻekolu nō'āina i loko o ka Soviet Union i kūhelu moku'āina' ōlelo o ko lākou aupuni Hebera. Georgia i waena o lākou. Ma nā mea a pau nā wahi a pau o ka Soviet Union, i ka manaʻo o ka moku'āina 'ōlelo ia i ka pela mai i loko o ke Kumukanawai. Iloko o ka hookamaia ana o ka hou hoʻokolohua o ke Kumukanawai, ua hoʻoholo ihola e wehe i kēia hiʻona, a me ka waiho loihi ana i ka pau o ka repubalika o kekahi mau hana. Naʻe, i ole i ka manaʻo, e hoao i ka i nā kanaka, a houluulu mai la lakou ma ke alo o ka hale aupuni me ka maluhia keakea. Eduard Shevardnadze koke la ma ka nano me Moscow, a Brezhnev kino hoomaopopoia i me keia olelo e eʻula a. He i hele ma ke ala, maʻa i ka Soviet Aupuni, no ka pono o ka Party. Akā, i ka alihi kaua o ka repubalika hele aku la i na kanaka, a olelo mai ana: ". E e nā mea a pau e like me kou makemake" Ua pinepine ae la oia i hoalaia o kona pane pālākiō a hou kaumaha i loko o na maka o kanaka.

I ka Ia manawa, naʻe,ʻo ia i'ōlelo ma mua o ka kaua hope me ka ideological poe enemi. No ka laʻana, ke i mai nei ua iwi lākou ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe capitalist piggery. Loa malimali Eduard Shevardnadze i olelo mai ai o Moscow ka kūkulu 'ia a me nā kino e pili ana i hoa Brezhnev. Kona malimali hele ma kēlāʻaoʻao o nā mea a pau imaginable palena a hiki ma lalo o ka Soviet? Eia. Shevardnadze olelo ikaika e pili ana i ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o Soviet koa huahelu i Afghanistan, Hoopaa loa ana ka mea, ua "ka wale pololei" neʻe aku. Kēia a me ka mea hou i alakai ai i ka mea i ka Keokia kue alakaʻi pinepine i hoopii ai ia ia o ka insincerity a me ka wahaheʻe. I ka mea, i keia la i kēia mau ia kuleana koe i pololei ia, ma hope o ua Eduarda Amvrosievicha ka make ana ona. Shevardnadze i kona wa e ola ana evasive haʻi aku iā lākou, ae wehewehe ana ia supposedly i ole curry ka lokomaikaʻiʻia mai i ka Kremlin, akā, ho'āʻo e hana ana i ka mea e pono malama i ka pono o na kanaka.

He hana hoihoi, e hoailona oukou i kēia mea, me ka pilikia e pili ana i Stalin a me Stalin ka? Eia, i i hōʻike i loko o kona kuwaho o Eduard Shevardnadze. Makahiki 1984, no ka hoʻohālike - keia makahiki i ka Ka Mua o ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni i "ka mihi" e Tengiz Abuladze. Kēia ho film hua mai la i loko o ka hui nui resonance, no ka mea, ua olohelohe ia lakou i ka pahikaua o ka hoohewaia ana o Stalinism. A me keia kiʻi i waho ma muli o ia i ke kino hooikaika o Shevardnadze.

hoalawehana na Gorbachev

Aloha ma waena o Shevardnadze a me Gorbachev hoomaka ae la ia ia i ka hope First Kakauolelo o ka Stavropol Regional Komite o ka aoao. E like me na memoirs o elua, ka mea, kamailio pu loa ai ke akea, a ma kekahi o kēia mau kamaʻilio, Shevardnadze aku la i "a pau ka popopo, a pau pono e hoʻololi i." Emi iho malalo o ekolu mahina ma hope, Gorbachev alakaʻi i ka Soviet Union a koke kono mai iaʻu i Eduarda Amvrosievicha me ka hāpai 'ana i ona lā, e lawe i ke kia o Kuhina o ko na Aina e. Ka hopeʻae, a no laila, kahi o kahiko Shevardnadze - Georgia ka alakaʻi Shevardnadze ikea - Kuhina o ko na Aina e no ka USSR. Kēia manawa i hana i ka furore ole wale i loko o Rusia akā, i nā hualoaʻa a. Mua, Eduard Amvrosievich i ole e komo kekahi haole 'ōlelo. A me ka lua, ka mea, aole e lilo i kekahi haole ka hoao ana. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, na hana o Gorbachev,ʻo ia ka maikaʻi, no ka mea, hoʻopili like me na olelo o "hou manaʻo" i loko o ka mahinaʻai o nā kālai'āina a me ka diplomacy. E like me ka diplomat, a noho'ōleloʻole i ka pili-kahiko no ka Soviet kulekele: Kāpena Barber malama i lawa nanea wale lewa, ae ia ia iho i kekahi mau liberties.

Eia naʻe,ʻo ia miscalculated me kona mau hui, manao paa au e haʻalele i ke kookoo o ke Kuhina ma kona wahi. Shevardnadze malama ole limahana rearrangement, ai ka mea kahiko o nâ Wāwahi i loko o nā māhele. Kekahi o ia kākoʻo i ka hou aʻa Makehewa, a mahalo i kona estilo, i hiipoi, iaiyoe a me ka 'oihana ano. Others, nae, ku iho la ma ka kū'ē, a kapa aku la na mea a pau i hana i ka mea hou haole lawelawe, stupidity, aʻo ia iā ia iho - Kutaisi Komsomol.

ShevardnadzeʻAʻole makemake koa oi loa. Kuhina o ko na Aina e, i kā lākou mea e pōʻino ai lākou, ua kūkākūkāʻia ana ka pilikia nui i ka Soviet kanaka mea ilihune o ka heluna kanaka, a me nāʻanoʻenehana superiority o ka enemi Huipuia, ma mua o Amelika Kao lele lako kaua me ka mokulele. Koa no ia i pili ia ia iho,ʻaʻole i hoʻohana. Mau kiʻi a pau a ka mea pono, ka wā Brezhnev a me Andropov? Eia, luna, mai ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua i hele mai i ka oluolu confrontation me Shevardnadze ke akea denouncing a nema aku ana i kona paakiki ma hanana. No ka laʻana, ma ka disarmament ke kūkā 'Mikhail Moiseev, Lunakanawai o Staff, i mai la i ka United States, a, ma ka Akä naÿe i ka "eccentric" Soviet diplomats, ka mea, ua maʻamau.

I ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i haalele mai hikinaʻEulopa, ua māhuahua ai ka inaina o ke poo Kuhina o ko na Aina e, no ka mea, o ka hana i loko o Germany paha Czechoslovakia no na mea he nui i mau hulu makua pahu hopu. Ma ka hopena, he halawai no na luna o ka Pale Kaua Kuhina koi ana i ke aupuni, e haawi aku Gorbachev ma ka hookolokolo ana. A laila, ua ua kūkākūkāʻia he nui akamai i ke kumu no ka Kremlin ka hoʻohalahala pilikino E pili ana i ka Caucasus i loko o nā 1990s i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino hookae no Shevardnadze Lūkini koa. Eia hou, he nui adherents o ka Soviet nenoaiu o Hawaiʻi Ua loa ukiuki o Eduarda Amvrosievicha ka wahi i pili ai i ke West, i mohai ole e ike ia e like me ka enemi a me nā kānaka hoʻokūkū a me nā hoa. O Gorbachev, ma lalo o puʻe mai disgruntled seriously manao ana pehea e hoʻololi i ka lawelawe.

Discord me Gorbachev

Gorbachev ka'ano'ē loli i ua poorly loaa ma ka Soviet nomenklatura. ʻeleu democratization o ke kaiāulu kanaka, a? Aneiai nā mea hoʻololi, e like me ka manao o ka glasnost i halawai e ukiuki e kū'ē'ē mai. ʻoi loa-communists hewa ia Shevardnadze i aneane na mea a pau i hiki mai ai i loko o ka poʻe hoʻomoana o ka poe ilihune. I ka lua o ka hapalua o na 80s ia i kekahi mau māwae,, iʻikeʻia i loko o ka pili aloha ma waena Soviet alihi kaua Gorbachev a me ko na Kuhina. I ka hopena o keia i ka mohai resignation o ke poo o ke Kuhina o ko na Aina e i ka makahiki 1990. A me kona demarche Eduard Amvrosievich me ka mea i papa hoʻolaukahi. E like me ka hopena, hopu iho la i diplomats mai a puni ke ao nei me ka panic, me Gorbachev ia ia iho, ka mea i e mihi, a e excuses no na hana o kona mua teammate i ua Eduard Shevardnadze. Kona Kawaihae, nae, ka loaʻa o ka lua o ka hoao e lawe i ka wahi o ke poo o ka Aina Kuhina.

E hoʻi i ka lāʻau kū o ka haole lawelawe

Ua ua ike i ka olelo hooholo, e hoʻi i ka lāʻau kū o ka poo o ke Kuhina o ko na Aina e ua ole maʻalahi no Shevardnadze. Me ka hana ia, Gorbachev i olelo mai ia ia, mahope koke iho o ka coup. Naʻe, ka mea mua naoh ua hōʻole Edward. Naʻe, i ka wa a ka'opi o ka Soviet Union lilo he loa maoli hoʻoweliweli,ʻo ia iʻae e haawi lilo ole kona kōkua. Ka wā ma August 1991 hooukaia mai i ka White House, Shevardnadze i waena o kona defenders. Kona alo ua loa pono ia Gorbachev i ka'īʻana mai i nā mea a pau i ka honua - a me ka Soviet nomenklatura, a me ka West - mea a pau hoi i ko lakou mau nohoalii, a me ka hopena o ka coup mae wale. He nui ka poe i manaoio i Shevardnadze ka ole hoihoi i loko o ka USSR, akā, wale Georgia. Shevardnadze, allegedly makemake a me ka ikaika, imi ae la ka'opi o ka Union, e hana i ka repubalika o Kuokoa, mai ke aupuni o ka Kremlin. Eia naʻe, ia mea,ʻaʻole - ia mea i ai i ka la mahope ho'āʻo e pale aku i ka'opi o ka USSR, a pili ana i keia hana. No ka laʻana, e haawi ana i ka huakaʻi ma kahi e, au lilo manawa i loko o ka makaikai ana i ka repubalika ka kulanakauhale alii. He hoʻomaopopo i ka mō'ī Rusia, alai ae e Boris Yeltsin, e ole e ka hale, a ma laila ia i i i kaumaha aku ai i kekahi oihana no ka mea. Akā,ʻo konaʻana,ʻaʻole he holomua. Nohona ma, me kona lua o hoao e noho ma ka mua wahi ana wale ekolu pule.

Ke alakaʻiʻana o ka mō'ī Georgia

Ka'opi o ka Soviet Union no ka mea mua kuhina o ka 63 makahiki i manaoia ka ana o ka maluhia a me ka carefree ola anywhere i loko o ke ao nei. Aka, ka mea, o ke kōkua 'ana o ka Keokia aupuni limahana nō e alakaʻi i ka mō'ī Georgia. ¶ A hiki i ka makahiki 1992, ma hope o ka hoʻokahuliʻia o Zviad Gamsakhurdia. Kona Ohana wā pinepine hoohalikeia me ka Episode Kahea Vikings i Rusia. Ka makemake e lawe mai i ka repubalika o na mea ma ka mea e pâʻani ma o kona olelo hooholo a Mānoa ano nui i. Akā, e hana i kēia hana, ia wa: i ka Keokia ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ole, ua hoʻohui a hoʻopaʻa i loko o piha. Kona global inoa maikaʻi,ʻaʻole kōkua iā ia, akā, ma luna o nā mea a pau ikaika ia'ku i i mākaukau i ke kaua karaima alakaʻi. Ma hope o ka hana ana o ke kia o ka poo o Georgia, Shevardnadze i, e hana me ka pāonioni paʻa i loko o Abkhazia a me South Ossetia, a i ua hoʻonāukiuki ma kona hoʻokomo. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ke koa, e like me ka pono me lehulehu manao, uaʻae akula i loko o 1992, e hoʻolauna poʻe hao wale i loko o kēia mau mea.

Keʻena Pelekikena

Shevardnadze lanakila i ke koho pelekikena ke koho ana i na manawa elua - i ka 1995 a me ka 2000. Ka mea, Ua hookoaia ma ke ākea palena pau, akā,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i lilo i ka ike aupuni meʻe. He ua pinepine nema aku no kona aneiai instability, nawaliwali ma ka pili ana i Abkhazia a me South Ossetia, e like me ka make ana o ka moku'āina i hoʻomākaukauʻia. Palua ia i ka hoao. No ka manawa mua, i ka 1995, ua ku oia ma ka pōkā pahū Naita. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, oia hou ho'āʻo e pepehi. Akā, i kēia manawa, i ka pelekikena ka motorcade hele mai ma lalo o ke ahi mai ka mīkini pū a me ka grenade launchers. Ke poo o ka moku'āina i hoolaia wale ma na mea e kahiko ai kaʻa. About ka mea nana i hana i ka kīmopō, Uaʻike. Ma ka hihia mua i ka papa kuhikuhiE manaʻo pü 'ua paa Igor Giorgadze, mua poo o ka Keokia maluhia lawelawe. He ana ia ia iho, nae, i ko lakou komo i loko o ka ho'āʻo hoole e huna ana ia i loko o Rusia. Akā, ma ka lua o ka Episode i loko o kaʻokoʻa manawa mākou i aku i ka mana i ka mea i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma Chechen insurgents, i nā bandits, kū'ē nā loea kālai'āina, a hiki i ka Lūkini GRU.

resignation

Ma November 2003 ka mea i hai mai i ka lanakila o ke kākoʻo o Shevardnadze like me ka hopena o ka hale kanawai ke koho ana. Eia naʻe, kū'ē nā loea kālai'āina hai i ka falsification o ke koho i nā hualoaʻa ma mua o hoʻonāukiuki nuipa a kue. Ma ka mōʻaukala o keia hanana ka mea, ua kahakahaia e like me ka RoseʻOiʻenehana. E like me ka hopena o kēia mau hanana, au oluolu i ka resignation o Shevardnadze. Ke hou aupuni i kauoha mai ai ia ia, e hoʻi i hope, a hele aku la ia i ola mai i kona ola i loko o kona noho ana ma Tbilisi.

Eduard Shevardnadze: kumu o ka make

He pau kona 'oihana Eduard Amvrosievich 7 Iulai, 2014. He make ma luna o 87 la makahiki o ke ola me ka hopena o ka loa a me ka hooloihi ae i maʻi. Hale kupapaʻu Shevardnadze Hawaii photo i ua noho luna, aia i loko o ka pāka āpana o kona noho ana ma Krtsanisi aupuni wahi, kahi āna i noho ai i ka hope mau makahiki. Aia ka hoi ka lua a me kana wahine.