Nā luna o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries, papa hana, nā kaʻa mokulele o ka paio. Wai i ka alihi kaua o ka Socialist hoʻokahuli aupuni Party (SRs)?

I ka hoʻomaka o XX kenekulia i loko o Rusia motley kaleidoscope o na pili hanana o ka kūikawā wahi noho ma Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party, paha, e like me ka mea i kapaia, ka Socialist-Revolutionaries. I loko nō o ka mea e ma ka 1917 ka mea i heluʻia i loko o kā lākou haku mele 'ana ma luna o ka miliona kanaka, ka mea nele i ka hoʻomaopopo lākou mau manaʻo. A laila, nui na luna o na SRs pau kā lākou lā i loko o ke pio, a me ka poe i makemake ole i ka haʻalele Rusia, haule iho la ia ma lalo o ka ruthless huila o Stalinist repression.

? Ac? O kaʻimi naʻauao? Aieao i

Viktor Chernov - i ka alihi kaua o ka Social hoʻokahuli aupuni Party - i ka mea kākau o ka polokalamu, mua paʻiʻia ma 1907 ma ka nupepa "hoʻokahuli aupuni Rusia". Ua Ua nānā ma ka kumumanaʻo waiho i ka helu o ka Russian a me ka haole Classics o Socialist manaʻo. Ma ka hana ana i na pepa, ua hoʻololiʻia no ka mea holoʻokoʻa wā o ke ola ana o ka aoao, i aponoia i kēia papahana ma ka mua aoao Ahaolelo, e paa ana ia i ka 1906.

Hawaiʻi nei, na SRs he ukali o populists a, e like me ka mea i hai mai ai i ka aina o ka hoʻololi i socialism ma ka maluhia mea, me ka hele ana ma ka capitalist kahua o ka? Acaeoey. I kona polokalamu, ka mea, i aku i ke ana ana o ke kūkuluʻana i ka kemokalaka Socialist ke kaiāulu i loko i ke kūlana Hoʻohaku Ua pâʻani 'o ia ma nā hana kālepa a me Free a papa hana. Kona alakaʻi i hana ma ka hale kanawai, a kūloko luna.

Ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ke kūkuluʻana i ka hou kaiāulu

Nā luna o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries ma ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia i manaoio aku i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ke kaiāulu e e hookumu ma ke kumu o ka socialization o ka mahiai. E like me ia ia lakou, ka mea e hoʻomaka kona kūkuluʻia i loko o ke kauhale, a, e like me kuhikuhi o ka pāpā o kekahi ona o ka'āina, akā,ʻaʻole kona nationalization, akā, wale unuhi i loko o ka lehulehu kuleana, na mikanele pono o ke kuai. Hoolilo o ka mea pono e ka kūloko ahalunakanawai, kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke aupuni 'aelike, a me ka uku e ia i ikaika ma ka e like me ka mea maoli na makana o kēlā me kēia limahana paha he kime holoʻokoʻa.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano no ka hana o ka wā e hiki mai Socialist hui, ka Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni alakai manaoio aupuni a ka lehulehu a me ka pili aupuni ku okoa ana ma nā 'ano apau loa o kona hoike ana. Like no ka mea Lūkini moku'āina'ōnaehana, AKP mau lala ka i kākoʻo o ke aupuni pekelala palapala. Ua mea no hoi kekahi o ka mea nui koi o ka hapaʻauhau e hoohalike ai no nā Hoʻohana o ka heluna kanaka i loko o ka koho kino, a kuhikuhi aku i ka aupuni kanawai.

E hana 'aoʻao

First aoao SRs aeea i hana ia ma 1894 ma Saratov, a ua i loko o ke kaua'ō'ō ihe me ka kūloko pūʻulu o na kanaka. A hiki aku ka mea, i eliminated, hoomaka ae la ka Socialist-Revolutionaries kuokoa haʻawina. Ua uaʻano nui i loko o ka hooulu ana i kā lākou mau papahana a? Iecaianoaaiiie o pai leaflets a me ka palapala. He alakaʻi ka hana o keia p ÷ ai i ka luna o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries (SRs) o kēlā mau makahiki A. Argun.

Over o ka makahiki, i ko lakou ana ua loaa ia nui laulā, a ma ka pauʻana o nā ninetiesʻikeʻia kona aeea ma na nui kulanakauhale. Ka hoʻomaka o ka hou kenekulia i kaha maha ma ka helu ana o mall loli i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka' aoʻao. I hanaʻia kona kuokoa lala, e like me ka "South M. Party" a ua hana ia ma ka akau wahi o Rusia "Socialist Union". Me ka manawa, merged ka mea, me ke kikowaena hoʻolālā, e pili ana i ka 'ole ikaika i mea hiki ke aupuni pilikia e hoʻonā. I loko o kēia mau makahiki, i ka alihi kaua o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries (SRs) ua V.Chernov.

Ka weliweli me he ala e "huali wā e hiki mai"

Kekahi o ka meaʻano nui eiiiiiaiou o ka aoao i ko lakou "hakakā Organization", mua ia iho hai mai la i ka 1902. Ka luahi mua i ke Kuhina o Kūloko Aina e. Mai laila, ma luna o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni ala a hiki i ka "huali wā e hiki mai" generously ensanguine kālai'āina mau hoa paio. Poʻe hoʻoweliweli, ina he lâlâ 'o ka SDP, ua i loko o ka loa a me ka hana nona iho kuokoa kūlana.

Ke Central Komite, e kuhikuhi ana i kona aʻe nāna, wale haawiia keia i ke kakali ana i manawa o ke kanawai, e waiho ana militants pihaʻaha hui kuokoa o ka hana. Nā luna o ka nui huna nae o ka hailona, he Gershuni a a laila unmasked provocateur, he malu Agena o ka malu makai Azef.

SRs e pili ana i nā hanana o ka 1905

A hiki aku i ka'āina ia manawa i ka mua RussianʻOiʻenehana, ka Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni luna reacted a hiki i kona mau loa-Liloa. I ko lakou manao, ka mea, uaʻaʻole bourgeois aole hoi Socialist, a me ka mea iʻano o intermediary ma waena o ka elua. Ke hoʻololi i ka socialism, ka mea koi, e halihaliia oia iwaho o kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma ka maluhia mea, a me ka holo ikaika hiki wale nō ia i ka hui ana o ka peasantry, nana i haawi mai i ka alakaʻi o kulana, e like me ka proletariat a me ka hana ka pilina. Ka lokomaikai kiekie Ahaolelo kino, e like me ka Socialist-Revolutionaries, ua ia e ka Constituent Ahaolelo. koho ae la lakou i ka hopuna'ōlelo "Land, a ua noa hoʻi i" kona slogan kālai'āina.

Mai 1904 a hiki i 1907 i ka aoao lawe mai nui propaganda a me ka manaʻo pīhoihoi hana. Ua hua mai la i ka helu o ka loio i ka lehulehu ākea, i Hokoana i loko o kā lākou mau poʻe kaua, a hiki hou lala. "Hakakā o ka hui" pili i ka noho male 'ana o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli pūʻulu a hiki i ka ia wā. Mai laila, i ka hana o na militants i decentralized, kā lākou helu maoli me ka nui loa, a ma ka mea ia manawa lilo hou pinepine, a me ka kālai'āina assassinations. Ka loudest o ia i loko o kēlā mau makahiki i ka Naita o ke kaʻi o ka Moscow Meia hana I. Kaliayev. I nui no kēia wā, he 233 poʻe hoʻoweliweli ho'āhewa wale.

Hoa pāonioni ma loko o ka 'aoʻao

Ma ka Ia wā hoʻomaka i ke kaʻina hana o ke kaawale ana, mai ka aoao mai o kuokoa hale, i hana i ke aupuni kūʻokoʻa kālai'āina hui. Kēia a laila alakaʻi ai i ka ikaika palaoa a me ka ho'ōla, kena ae la i ka'opi. E like ma na kahua o ka Central Komite he mau hoa pāonioni ma nui. No ka laʻana, he luawai-ike luna o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries i ka 1905 Savinkov i manaoia, hoʻowahāwahā i ke alii ka manifesto, i haawi kanaka kekahi o kānaka, hooikaika ka weliweli a me kekahi koʻikoʻi huahelu i loko o ka aoao - Azef - Hoopaa loa ma luna o kona hoopau wale.

I ka wā o ka First World War, ma ka aoao alakaʻi lilo'ē aʻe ma ka ai-kapaia internationalist, kākoʻo kuhikuhi ma ka poeikohoia o ka eheu hema.

Characteristically, o ka alihi kaua o ka hema Socialist-Revolutionaries - Maria Spiridonov - hope hui i ka Bolsheviks. Iloko o ka FeberuariʻOiʻenehana, ka Social Revolutionaries, komo aku la iloko o ka hookahi pa alima a me ka Mensheviks-defencists lilo ka nui aoao o ka manawa. Ka mea, i ka hoohalike lehulehu i loko o ka wahi aupuni. Nui na alakai o ka SRs la i loko o ka mea e alakai ana ia kulana. Nui ka mea, e hōʻike i na inoa me Alexander Kerensky, Chernov, N. Avksentiev a me na mea e ae.

Ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Bolsheviks

Ma Okatoba 1917, i ka SRs komo i loko o kaʻoʻoleʻa confrontation me ka Bolsheviks. Ma o kona hoopii ana i na kanaka o Rusia i kapa 'ia i hana i ka hope koa kāʻili' ana i ka mana i ka uhauha, a me ka hewa nui. Ke'aheʻelele o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries ma ka palapala haʻalele i ka Ahaolelo o ka II Ahaolelo Lahui o Soviets. Ka mea, ua hiki i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i kekahi komite, e hoola i ke aupuni a me ke kipi, a i alai ai ma ka luawai-ike luna o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries (SRs) o ka wā Aberama Gotz.

I ka All-Russian ke koho, he constituentʻaha kanaka Socialist-Revolutionaries loaa ka loa balota, a ua koho balota Luna hoomalu o ka mālama 'alihi kaua o ka Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party ma ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia - Victor Chernov. Party Council Ua hōʻike 'o ka paio ku e Bolshevism me he makakoho a me ka urgency, a i hoʻokō i ke Kanawai ke Kaua.

Eia naʻe, he kekahi hesitancy o ko lākou mau hana i ke kumu o ka make a me ka hopu 'ana. Oi loa aku hoi i ka puu o na hoa o ka AKPʻIkea maila ma hope o nā kaola i loko o 1919. E like me ka hopena o ke kūʻai '-aoao pāonioni hoomau kaawale ana o kona poʻe kaua. Lakou i mea hoike o na mea i hanaia i loko o Ukraine o kona kuokoa Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party.

Ka pau 'ana o AKP ha awina

I kakahiaka 1920, ka mea e 'ōlelo kona hana i ka Party Central Komite, a me ka makahiki ma hope i wahi i ke kaʻina hana ma i na mea he nui o kona mau lala i ho'āhewa o "Anati-aupuni hana". A koʻikoʻi alihi kaua o ka Socialist-Revolutionaries (SRs) i loko o kēlā mau makahiki, Vladimir Richter. He Ua hopuia hope i kona mau hoa.

E like me ka verdict o ke kahua i pana me he pakahi aku la ia mea pepehi enemi o na kanaka. I ka 1923, i ka Socialist-hoʻokahuli aupuni Party ua kokoke ia i hooki i nei ma ko kakou aina. No kekahi manawa hoʻomau i ka hana wale nō kona mau lala, e noho ana i loko o ke pio.