Nature o ka Perm māhele. Mea kanu a me na holoholona o ka Perm māhele

Perm māhele'āina - i ka aina o ka mea kupaianaha ano, taiga ulu, Waimanalo mauna, gorges, ana, e hookeai ai, e kahe anaʻo muliwai a me pristine o ic ??. Eia ka he kupaianaha ka nohona o ke kuana o ka aina, he nui helu o pohihihi keia mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Nature o ka Perm māhele, kū hoʻokahi moʻomeheu o ka māhele o Laielohelohe malihini hope o ka wa kahiko.

A wahi moʻolelo

A hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia, i ka aina, a komo i ka aina nui o na kêia kanaka o ke Kama a hiki i ka Ural mauna huahelu ma ke komohana a me ka hikina, a ma ka hoaka o ea i o ka Pechora muliwai ma ka akau a hiki i ka muliwai Chusovaya ma ke kūkulu'ākau, a me ke kūkulu hema, i kapaia ka Perm Nui.

Ka mua ka mea i hōʻike kuleana ma keia aina nui, he Novgorod poe kuai. Ma ka XIV kenekulia ka mea, he mau ka loaʻaʻana, i kēia kaʻe i encroaching Muscovy. Ma hope o kekahi kumu nui koa kai eʻe o Prince Ivan III i ka 1472, ua lilo i ka mea mua Great Perm Teritori i loko o nā Urals, a no ka wa pau lilo kekahi hapa o ka Lūkini moku'āina. Ke kokololio kūpono 'ana o ke Perm māhele ua hoailono aku la i keia mea mōʻaukala kekahi hanana. Aia He He lālā hua Lūkini noho. Kaʻaluna o hou ainaʻoi loa me ka nui loa i ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia, ka wā waihoia poʻe kālepa a me ka industrialists Stroganoff.

Ke 'ano o nā kumu waiwai a me ke ano o ka Perm māhele o Laielohelohe hou noho. Ua mea i keia la kekahi o Rusia ka nui hanalima wahi me ka multifaceted ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi a me ka nani loa kūlohelohe hiʻona.

Ma na crossroads o Europa a me Asia

Ka māhele 'āina, Aia ma ka huina o na wahi elua o ke ao nei, uhi aneane hoʻokahi-hapalima o ka Ural oicyenoaaiiie apana. I ka wahi o kona mokuna ma ka Kama kīʻaha, e hāʻawi mai ia i ka kūikawā kahua o nā kaha ma ke kōkua o ke elima kai - ka White, Baltic, Caspian,ʻEleʻele a me Azov.

Flora a? Aaoa

A ano o ka "mau kihi" wahi o ka aina i alakaʻi ai i ke kahua o kona flora a me? Aaoa. Animals o ka Perm māhele uaʻano nui na poe e typical Europa,? Ueo. He wahi noho ia ma kahi o 60 laha 'o mammals, ma 40 laha' o ka iʻa, 270 laha 'o nā manu, e like me kekahi mau laha' o nā mea kolo, a amphibians. Mai Moana loa, he pono ole marten, ma laila nāʻalopeke, hihiu pokole, na iliohae, wolverines, ili, stoats. Meʻaneʻi Moose, bea a me ka lynx.

Mea e maona ai hiki ole no ia, a pono e hoʻopale ai maʻamau hedgehog, muskrat, mink.

Ka māhele 'āina he nui i loko o ic ??, na muliwai, Swamp, ulu floodplains, ululaau. Ma ka ululaau o ka pono grouse, capercaillie, chickadees, crossbill, grouse. O migratory manu loaʻa blackbirds, manuʻioʻio i, starlings.

Ke flora Ua hoi loa like. Ua loli aʻe ke kaumaha ma muli o nā moku o ka māhele 'āina. Ka loa e like me ka mea kanu o ka Perm māhele - tidara, spruce, larch, kaʻa, kedera tidara. Ka mea, nāna i hana i ka pau akea o ke taiga, e holo ana no ka haneri o kilomika.

Ma ka hema wahi hui deciduous a me coniferous ululaau. Eia ka mea, ua laulā-E haʻalele nō i na laau e like meʻoka, elm, elm.

Ma ke kūkulu'ākau, a he mea nui pohopoho wahi ma ka waena konu o ka aina. Nā kumu o ka Ural mauna uhi me ka tidara ulu lāʻau. Ka lōʻihi hikina'ākau o ka māhele 'āina - he pōhaku kurumniki a me ka poe ilihune tundra.

Ma ka Perm māhele ulu ma 130 laha 'o nā mea kanu, a ma lalo o ka moku'āina hoomalu. mau ano me ke koe a me kekahi mauʻano a Lonoikamakahiki i aia i loko o ke Kama māhele 'āina. ua haawi Flora a? aaoa maka he hailona o ka noonoo.

Ka ulu kanaka hopena ma luna o ka 'āina hiki aku ai i ka emi ma ka helu ana o na mea he nui pohihihi keia holoholona a me nā mea kanu, a hiki i ka fragmentation o populations, a hiki i ka piha nalowale ana o ka helu o? Ueo. Mau pela papahana kūhelu alakai me ka Book Red o ka Perm aina, iloko i ka hōʻike o ka ike kumu o ko lākou hoole mai oia, noonoo i ka p ÷ ino, a me ka helu o nā ana, e hoʻihoʻi populations.

Ke kū hoʻokahi o ka lihi

I loko nō urbanization, ka Perm nui a me kēia lā, he mea ka hanu o ke kahiko. Lawa expressive ko läkou 'o ka Neʻekau Nui, ka hoʻoilina o kahiko kuhikuhipuʻuone, hoʻouku a me metallurgical noho maikai ana, kaao, ano a me ka wildlife me inā pili pu.

Perm nui māhele'āina i Loaʻaʻia nui no kela ano o ka oo? Ecia nānā 'ole o ka manawa. Kēia i ka pilina o ka hailonaʻana, a me ka Leeuwerikplein kulana o ka māhele 'āina. People i o Laielohelohe ma keʻano o nā Landskap, hoihoi 'mōʻaukala, a, o ka papa, kū hoʻokahi kia hoʻomanaʻo i e ho okumu i ka loa' ano o ka Perm māhele. Photo kū hoʻokahi Landskap, Fun a me ka pohihihi wahi i hooki i ka manawa kona halawai nani.

Ma ka palena o ka aina ke aupuni '325 pela hoomaluia' ō a ma lalo o kūikawā hoomalu. Kēia mōʻaukala a me ka maoli nenoai, ma kona ano maoli kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me na mea e ae. Iwaena o lakou i na mau mea elua e nō keʻano me ke koe o ke aupuni pekelala nui. Kēia "Vishera" a me ka "Basegi".

Ka loa waiwai kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ke 'ano o ka Perm māhele hooku iho la ia ia ma Cherdyn apana. A hailona no ia, a BOLSHSOSNOVKIY, Solikamsk, Chusovoy, Krasnovishersk mau mea.

Natural kia hoʻomanaʻo i a kūlohelohe mau mea o nā 'āina' nui kaʻe ua maheleia i loko o ka kēia mau 'ano:

• panorama (pōhaku White ka limu Vetlan a me Govorlivy pohaku, Stone Town)
• 'ā ina (a Gubakhinsky Orda ana)
• hydrological (Ermakov pūnāwai)
• Kāhua Ulu'lāʻau a me ka aeaaiono? (Zyukaysky haki, Veslyansky boron auaneʻiʻoe me ka)
• Historical a maoli eiiieaenu (Kungurskaya ana, helu a me Kuva burs).

mea a pau o ia mau mea ma luna o ka papa inoa o ka hoomaluia mea.

kaona pohaku

Kekahi o ka loa a me ka hanohano hanana maoli kia hoʻomanaʻo i haʻi Stone Town. Ka hana nani o ka wini kakala o ka mea kahiko Ural mauna huahelu,ʻikeʻia me Rudyansky himeni, hiki ke ike kokoke na kauhale a me Shumikhinsky Usva. Ridge nana me ka elongated lapa e ka hola 19 ei loa. Kekahi o kona kuahiwi o Stone Town. Ua haawiia mai ma ka iauaeoia oo? ecia kēia inoa. No na kamaaina ka mea, kuhukukū. Stone Town ua pinepine i kapaia o diabolo ka ho okumu ana.

Bizarre pohaku outcrops maoli kia i hana i kekahi kaula o? Ainii? A tiers ma luna o ka puʻu i loko o ka ulu lāʻau. Ka mea hana i ka manaʻo o ke kulanakauhale, me ka puka alanui, a me ka palahalaha Avenue, deadlocks. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, Ua oki ka mea, ma kekahi o ka muliwai kahiko. A me kekahi o ka nui kaao mai nei e koke ia i ke kulanakauhale kupanaha, he nani loa maikai, i hiki ole ike wale i ke kaikamahine makapo o ke alii. I kekahi lā i kilo hewa i mohai aku ai e hoola i ke Alii wahine. King Uaʻae, akā, ma ka loa wā wā kona eyesight hoi, huli ae la i ke kulanakauhale i ka pōhaku.

Natural kia hoʻomanaʻo i o ka Perm māhele i loko o ka wahi o ka koa Usva i kaupalena 'ia Stone Town. I ke kumukuai o kipa i ke kaulana Usvinskie mau pou, a me na lua Sukhoi i hoʻopaʻa '.

Usvinskie kolamu

Unique pohaku kia, aole i lalau mai no kekahi mau kilomika ma Usva River, manaoia kekahi o ka uʻi oo? Maui ma ka akau. Kēia mea he nui e kaua o ka pohaku, i kūkulu o ka limestone. Ma kona mau pou imprints o kahiko punakea, a me nā fossils maopopo hōʻike i miliona o ka makahiki aku nei, ua i ke kai.

Unique pohaku me ka ho okumu dotted me na ana a me caverns. Kekahi o ia mau mea, e like me ka grotto Stolbovoy, i loko o ka hala i mālama ai i ka olu na kanaka.

Like me ka Mākēneki no iauaeoia oo? Ecia pōhaku, inoa kapakapa o ka diabolo ka manamana nui. Kona 'ole a me ka nui i kamahaʻo. An kaua o 70 mika kiʻekiʻe pali ua paʻa ma lahilahi "wāwae". He mea ia e hōʻike i kona inaccessibility a kuokoa. 'O kēia kekahi o nā punahele wahi no ka pii enthusiasts.

Orda ana

Ma na naau o ka mauna Kazakovsky, wahī Kungur muliwai o ka loihi ma ka aina o ka papa anuʻu loa kai ana, a me ka lua o ka loihi ma Eurasia - Orda Cave. Ma ka ili o ka mauna, hou e like me ka puu, he mea nui sinkholes, kekahi o i mea no ka puka e komo ai a hiki i keia wahi maloprimetny wildlife.

He ka honua i ka nui loa gypsum ana. Ua ninoieo o ka ai-kapaia "maloo" (300 m) a me ka papa anuʻu loa kai (4600 m) ma ke kaʻawale. Kona kiʻekiʻe mau hoaka, maemae hohonu o ic ??, nui ana i ua kaupaona i nā e speleologists. Orda ana ua pinepine haawiia e like me ka Mecca Cave kela.

Kungur ana

'O kēia kekahi o nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i loa kaulana o ke' ano o ka aina, e waiho ana ma ke kapa akau o ka Sylva. Ma ka pohihihi hohonu o ka Kungur ana no ka wa pau alii Ural hooilo. ʻO loko o ka wela kauwela lā ka mea, hoopaa mai ai i kona icy mea hoʻonani o ka lola honua ana ke aloha i ka mea kūikawā microclimate. Onaona ona hoolaʻi a me ka hau - i ka hopena o kaʻike makaʻole hana o ka wai, ka loihi o kekahi mau tausani makahiki. Nunui cavities a me tunnels Ice Mountain interconnected kui? Ainii?. Ka huina pau loa o kona papa a pau - 5700 mika. Ua he 70 o ic ??, a 58 ana. Kekahi o na lola honua keena o ke ana i ke kiekie o ka 20 mika, a hiki i ke anawaena o ka mai i 100 mau mika. He nui ka poe ana i koloka hoʻonaniʻia me ka hau nā pōaka, stalactites a me stalagmites. Ka loa nani mea hoʻonani ke kaena Diamond a me Polar grottos.

Ke kumumanao mua o ke kū hoʻokahi 'ā ina kia Ua i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia cartographer S. Remezov me kaiakū noho, ka poe e noho ana i ka mua makapo no ka mea make wai hana hoike ia. He ua mamao aku ia mai pono, a ua pinepine ae la oia loli. Ano, no ka iauaeoia oo? Ecia i hoʻolako pono me ka 1.5 kilomika o ka lola honua keʻena ma luna.

Kungur ana na lau i ka hailona o poinaʻole inā pilikia ka haumāna ma nā mea a pau kau. He he kekahi o ka brightest hanaia 'na o Nature, hana wale ka hau a me ka wai.

Vetlan-pohaku

Nature o ka Perm māhele 'āina, a ua hana i kekahi hanana kia me Vetlan pohaku, Aia ma luna o ka muliwai Vishera. Kēia mea ho i ka oāwa hulaana'ōnaehana holo ana ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 1750 mika.

Ma ka luna Vetlan-pohaku mea he kilo papahele, a wehe i ka maka o ka hanana aeaiaua o ka pau ole Vistas. Aia i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO iauaeoia oo? Ecia e holo ana ma luna o Vishera.

Vishera no?

Reserve, e moe ana ma ka akau-hikina hapa o Krasnovishersky Apana, noʻonoʻo i ka loa nani wahi o ka Northern Urals. Eia nō ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa piko o ka māhele 'āina - Tulymsky Kamen (1469.8 m), nani loa mauna papa koa Larch, Isher, E kau-Tumpen, pule hana, a he nui na mea e ae. Mai kā lākou mau kuahiwi me ka nui wale, a ma luna o nā kumu o hunkering kuahiwi o ic me ka aniani mōakāka ka wai. Ma ka hookoe pele mauna muliwai Small a me Big Capelin, Vishera, Niols River me Shoals a me rapids, nani waterfalls.

Eia, i loko o kona pristine nani malamaia nahele, a me nā panalāʻau e noho ma kurums, pohaku e hina, ho okumu i ka moana pōhaku a me nā muliwai. Nā holoholonaʻaneʻi i mau sable, elk, bea, beaver, marten, beaver a he nui 'ē aʻe. Ke koena, aia nō ma kahi o 150? Ueo mikobionta (lichen), 100 okoa ka limu? Ueony, 500 - vascular mea kanu. No ko lakou palekana a me ka mooolelo i ua pela hana Red Buke o ka Perm māhele, hoolaa i ka mea pohihihi keia miomio mea kanu, na manu, a me na holoholona wale no ka Kama. Kona papa nā whooper noketura, peregrine manu lele, gulaʻaeto, merlin, Rock Ptarmigan, pueo, a he nui na mea e ae.

Ke koena no hoi mea he kū hoʻokahi wahi o na Urals - he wahi o ka hoʻohui o watershed wahi o ka nui muliwai ekolu - ka Volga, Ob a me ka Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi - he nani loa kuahiwi huahelu, e ala ana i waena o ka nui aouli o ka taiga ma ke komohana kui o ka Ural mauna laulā. I nā lā kahiko ia i kekahi, i kēia lā ka mea, he o ekolu okoa kuahiwi - North, South a me Middle Baseg. Nahele i loko o kā lākou wahi e luku i kona pristine nani. He He kūmole huakai o ka taiga me kona pono.

Baseg awelika - ke kiekie loa o ka caiiaaaieea (994 m). Ma luna o ka mea maopopo haʻi hene oa ??, uhi me ka nahele a me kurums. Aeie o ka pohaku, a hoʻopöholo ihola ma luna o ko lākou mau kumu uhi me ka nunui-i nā pōpō lichen crustose like me ka ano o ka lei kumu. A mehameha e ku ana i na pohaku, buttes a me ka pau o ko lākou mau accumulations e hoohalike ai kekahi mau kiʻi a me nā holoholona.

Ka inoa o ka caiiaaaieea no ua loko mai o ka North Lūkini hua'ōlelo "Basques", nona ka waiwai o "nani." Ma luna o ka mauna a hiki i ka mauna-tundra kāʻei, malalo ia e ka nani loa subalpine kula mai. O nā wahi kahi i kia pohihihi keia holoholona o ka Perm māhele 'āina, e like me pohihihi keia? ueo o nā mea kanu.

"Oe i kuleana no lākou aina ..."

Ke ano o ka hoonani aku la ia i loko o nā hana o na mea he nui loa-ikeia kākau i kipa i ka Kama. Moÿomeheu makahiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka hope kenekulia ma laila i hana a puni i ka poe uuku a hola noho. Loea man- akia i kono e noho i nā mea hoʻokani pila, kākau moʻolelo a me nā ka pilina. No ka laʻana, ua he nana aku o ke kauhale Vsevolodo-Vilva hoomaikai e philanthropist a industrialist Savva Morozov. Here noho mākou, a noho ma kekahi mau manawa B. L. Pasternak a me A. P. Chehov.

Au hiki ole hoopa i ka maka o ka nani, a kipa Solikamsk a me Berezniki "mea hoolea o ke 'ano" K. G. Paustovskogo. Sang ia, a me nā mea kākau o ka Perm māhele. About maoli Urals, kona mōʻaukala, ka moʻomeheu a me ka mea i kākau P. P. Bazhovym. Ma kana mau hana me he mea hookomo naau o keia nui, nui palena kiʻi i hele ma ka hana a pau o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

Thumbnails a me nā moʻolelo V. P. Astafeva mea imbued me ka manaʻo "oe i kuleana no lākou'āina, no ka uuku hale no ke ao nei i loko o a oe e ola nei."

"Great Perm"

Nature o ka Perm māhele 'āina kamahaʻo. Nani loa ana a me ka hana pohaku, Hawaiian pali, i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka ua a me ka makani, wai pele i kia hoʻomanaʻo i hana ma na mea maoli ia.

Ka nei i apono ia e ka 'āina' papahana "Great Perm" nui kākauʻana ma ka hoohalike ai o ka maikai maoli o ka lihi like me ka hana kāleka o ka māhele 'āina. Ke 'ano o ka panorama ka poʻea pau i ka hailona o ke oo? Ecia, hoike ia ka hele ana me keʻano kū hoʻokahi mōʻaukala-moʻomeheu maʻiʻo.

Kēia papahana o Kama i ka hookahi oo? Āpana he mau huhui o "White Mountain", "Usva", "Parma" a me ka "Ashatly". Theme wahi ulu lāʻau? Oaony e merge i loko o ka hookahi hoʻonohonoho 'ohua' e aʻe, e pili ana ia ma luna o ka loina hooponopono o ka "Golden alii".

Ua pono keia mea he kū hoʻokahi manawa e Loiloi i ka waiwai o ka'āina, ka moʻomeheu a me ka mōʻaukala aiee o ka māhele 'āina.