No ke aha la ka koʻohune kaʻawale ma ka kūikawā aupuni o ke ola maoli?

All meaola e noho ana ma luna o mākou Honua ma kūhelu 'epekema hiki ke subdivided i loko o kekahi mau nui pūʻulu i loaʻa i keʻano nui o? Ueo a me subspecies. No ke aha la ka koʻohune kaʻawale ma ka kūikawā aupuni? A hiki i keia manawa, ua kūikawā kumu, ae kānakaʻepekema, e hoʻohana i ka like Mea Maluna. E Aloha oe a me au e noiʻi ana i ka mea.

mau pūʻulu

No ke aha la ka koʻohune kaʻawale ma ka kūikawā aupuni? Ke pane Ua puni hoʻi: a pau mea ola ma luna o mākou Honua hiki ke maheleia ana i loko o nā nui pūʻulu: prokaryotes a me eukaryotes. Ma ka lua o nā Fish me nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona - multicellular meaola.

Mua o ka koʻohune i hoʻomano poe (kekahi tsianovodoroslyami me microscopic fungi). Me ka Poeikohoia o ka pae mua i kahua oko ao, hiki i ka koʻohune e līkaia like kūikawā kanaka, kaʻawale ia mai ke koena. No ke aha la i na koʻohune kaʻawale ma ka kūikawā aupuni? He aha koena unuhi mai ka mea, oko mai nā evolution?

I ka papa kuhikuhiE koena unuhi, a no ke aha la koʻohune kaʻawale ma ka kūikawā aupuni?

I ka papa kuhikuhiE koena unuhi, ka ho'āʻana e lawe mai ia i ka Mea Maluna: prokaryoteʻaʻohe nucleus ole hoʻopoepoe DNA 'ana i loko o ka cytoplasm (i kapaʻia kaʻeleu Hoʻohana ona nucleoid). Ma eukaryotes, ma ka kekahi lima, o ka Kora naʻEsau hiʻona pono, a ua kaawale hereditaryʻikepili mai ka cytoplasm o ko lākou mau leho. Pela, ke ike i ka koʻohune i loa okoa mai nā mea ola i noho i ka Honua, i loko o kā lākou maloko 'ole.

Eia hou, ka uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o na elele o ka 'ē aʻe ekolu aupuni - holoholona me nā mea kanu a me nā Fish - multicellular mea. A me kaʻaneʻane a pau koʻohune unicellular.

hou hiʻona

Aia i nā kumu e maopopo ke kumu koʻohune kaʻawale ma ka kūikawā aupuni.

• Mai prokaryotes i ole Kora naʻEsau, aohe mea i keia mau mea e like me mitosis. Ka mea paʻi i ka mea mahele o ke keena ma ka hapalua.
• Ma eukaryotes, ka nui ribosomal e organelles: na mitochondria, a me ka halepaahao-oaio? A, a me ka endoplasmic reticulum. A kūlana o ka mea koʻohuneʻili lahilahi organelles lawe mesosoma - protuberances i loko o ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi, a me ribosomes - liʻiliʻi 'ole-ʻili lahilahi organelles.
• Prokaryotic keena Ua nui emi ma mua ia o ka eukaryotes (anawaena - ma kahi o 10 mau manawa o ka buke - e pili ana i hoʻokahi tausani).

Nā mea like o nā pūʻulu mau

Eia naʻe, 'elele o nā pūʻulu i like i loko o kā lākou' ole. Ke keena o kekahi meaola ola pihaʻi: mua, i ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi, a me ka lua, i ka cytoplasm, ke kolu, ribosomes. Keia rula i pili i nā mea a pau elele i hiki mai ma ke ano aupuni.

'ano

Pela, ua hoʻokumu 'ia mākou i ke kumu o ka koʻohune kaʻawale ma ka kūikawā aupuni o ke ola meaola. A aupuni He oiaio, alahula mau, a me ka loaʻa o ke akea ka nohona hoʻohuiʻia archaea a me eubacteria, microscopic fungi a me ka cyanobacteria. Ma lalo o kēia mau koʻohune 'epekema maopopo i ka mea uuku meaola, prokaryotes, a i wehewehe aku ma ke kelepona hele' ole (nui - 0.1-30 microns).

i ike visually kēia mau mea, me ke kōkua o kūikawā'ōnohi manaʻo, ia mea kāohi ole. He ole coincidence i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka microscope manaʻo, a ua hiki no i kekahi manawa ma hope o kekahi mau malamalama o ka 'epekema (keia nō, no ka mea hoike, a me ka mea kaulana Karl Linney) hoole aku i ke ola ana o ke' ano o kēia mau mea nui meaola, wahi kā lākou holoholona hihiu o ka manaʻo. Ma keia, ua aʻo epekema wale ma kahi o elua a me ka hapalua tausani laha 'o keia Aupuni. Akā, nui i koe e e loaa - ka mea, ua nō ike ano ole. A like o kela koʻohune komo i loko o ka ua lala o ka 'epekema - microbiology. Ua kaupaona i nā i ka poʻe e noho lā oi aku ka nui o ko mākou Honua, i meaʻike makaʻole i ka maka kapa ole.