Pake kaʻaila: ka lepili, hōʻikeʻano, Mea Maluna. He aha ka hoailona o ka Hawaii aila?

Lubricating mea kāhinu, i hoʻohana 'ia ma ka ke kanaka no na tausani o ka makahiki 3.5. ʻO ka mea simplest machines ma ka pono o ia. Ma mua o ka Hekikai o ka aila a me kona nā mea loaʻa i hoʻohana nō hoʻi mea kāhinu, a me nā holoholona bipi kūpaluʻia. No ka laʻana, ka mea i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka mahu kiko'ī rapeseed aila. Kēia mea hanohano malaila pono i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia surfaces, a ua i holoiʻia ma ka wai a me ka mahu.

I ka MH 1859, he aila huahana, i lilo i kumu no ka hana ana o ka mea pōhaku mea kāhinu,. Me ka Hekikai o polymeric (viscosity) modifier i hiki ke hoʻololi, mai ka hooilo a hiki i ke kau a me nā mea a pau-manawa mele.

Ano o ka Hawaii mea kāhinu,

Ke huahana mea he haku mele 'ana o nā pono hana. Ua he o nā māhele: ka waihona ipuʻaila a me ka mea hoʻonui AEeAaOA. Ka hope i keʻano o ka huahana waiwai. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana o manufacturing i ka waihona ipu aila ua maheleia i ekolu ano.

1. mea pōhaku loko mai kaʻaila kā (mea pōhaku).

2. kemikala, ka kūpono luna 'o ka petrochemical hoʻololi kemikala. Peni kemikala Hawaii aila - oo kemikala. I ka loa a me ka qualitative pipiʻi.

3. kalaka nui-kemikala, ua hanaʻia ma luna o ka mea pōhaku kumu me ka hou o ka lahui kemikala eiiiiiaiou (kalaka nui-kemikala). A kuponoʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai i loko o ka kbps / kumukuai hiʻohiʻona.

Kemikala mea kāhinu, i ka helu o ka pono a me ka mahalo i ka mea pōhaku.

hookohu

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka lubrication - ho okumu ana o ka lahilahi, a ma ka mea ia manawa i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he ikaika ma luna o ka ili o ke kū'ē wahi e ole ka hui 'ana o ka microroughness. Pela ka Wear ua minimized.

Paha o ka Hawaii mea kāhinu,: paʻa, no ka kola a me ka kakolina diesel kiko'ī. A okoa pūʻulu - no ka elua-hahau powerplants. Keia ua höʻike läkou ma ka lepili kūpono o Hawaii mea kāhinu,: ka waiwai «kakolina diesel», «2T» a «2 tact». Her ka nele o ka hoike ana o ke ao palapala noi.

koho

Pehea e koho engine aila? Peni he nui nā hoailona, akā, nā mea kūʻai mai e hoihoi i loko o nā o ia:

- ka pono 'ilikai (ina paha ia mea pono no ke kaʻa);

- (viscosity) (ina pono no i kekahi manawa a me ka huliau).

Special hookokoke pono hou, kēia machines.

Pane i nā pono kīvila kanaka nīnau i hāʻawi mai i ka omaka engine aila. Deciphering ia - i loko o kaʻike mau hōʻinideka kahua.

Kā lākou mau mea mau. Loa pinepine hoʻohana 'ia ma ka ekolu - SAE, API a me ka ACEA. I kekahi manawa ka mea hou ILSAC.

SAE hae

Na Mea Maluna Ua ma muli o ka (viscosity) ano. Ka mea, i loko o kēia'ōnaehana - i ka nui.

SAE ( 'Amelika Hui o kaʻa nā kānakaʻenehana) nā pūʻulu e a (viscosity) huahelu o nā hoailona pili Hawaii aila.

Peni hoʻohana i kēia 'inideka, ana i loko o' iniha, kapuaʻi. Ma mua o ka mea, o, ka mea maluna o ka (viscosity).

Ka hae e hoʻokauʻekolu pūʻulu o nā mea kāhinu,: kau, ka hooilo a me ka manawa a pau. Hope - o ka loa, he pono ole.

Mai nā inoa o nāʻano mea i ike i keia peni ma muli o ka SAE hae, e hiki ke aʻo hoʻokahi wale nō mea: inā kaʻaila mea pono no ka hoʻohana i loko o ka ua manawa ma kekahi climatic aku ana paha,ʻaʻole. Wale keia.

Ka hae e hoʻokauʻekolu pūʻulu o nā mea kāhinu,. Ka mea, oko ma ka seasonality o ka pono.

1. 0W, 5W, 10W, 15W , 20W, 25W - ka hooilo aila. Lākou eono. Aiao inideka W (hooilo) - "Winter". Ka uuku, i ka maikaʻi o ka "anu" hoʻohana. Palena iki cia - 0.

2. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 - kau aila. Five o ia. Aiao unsigned W - "kau". Ua hōʻike i ka mālama o ka (viscosity) ma kiekie ana wela. Ke kiekie o ka kau, ka oi efficient hana o kaʻaila i loko o ka wela. I kā mākou waiwai - 60.

3. 5W-30, 5W-40, 10W-50, etc. - .. Season. Lākou helu - 23.

No ka laʻana, i ka omaka engine aila 5W30 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea mea a pau-map hoʻohana. ? Aeiiaiaiaaia e hoʻohana i loko o ke ana wela huahelu mai -30 a hiki i +20 degere.

No laila, he aha ka 'ike e hōʻike i ka engine aila, SAE ka lepili i haawi mai i ka consumer?

'O kēia ka ike e pili ana i ke ana wela ano o ka meakino i loko o a lakou i halawai me ka mea penei:

1. ape crankshaft regular electrostarter anuanu mau puka ana.

2. aaeei pumping kaʻaila ma ka engine laina. At anu hoʻomaka 'ia e hōʻike i ka manaʻo koikoi a ua ālai' maloo kū'ē pairings.

3. E ike loea lubrication o ke kauwela i loko o ke ana ana i ka hana pololei ma.

Mea Maluna API

Mea haku polokalamu - American Institute o kaʻaila kā huahana. API apono 'e koho i kaʻaila no ka mea kaʻa ke kaumaha ma muli o ka makahiki o ka hana. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomaikaʻi hana, mea e hoopuka aku i ka hoʻokēʻai, a me ka oluolu nui kiko'ī, ana.

Na Mea Maluna Ua hoʻomōhala i kaa hua mai la ma Amerika.

Hookama alphabetic omaka engine aila. Decryption mea. S (Service) - kakolina, C (Commercial) - kakolina diesel. I ka hana ana o ka lua o ka omaka Kû ka palapala A ma ka mea, mai ka hou - e like me kona mea e like hou. No ka laʻana, SJ papa i hoʻolauna nei. I ka Ia manawa, ua pahu SH. SJ Mea Maluna hāʻawi i ka pipiʻi, a kiʻekiʻe-e like ai kemikala kumu mea kāhinu,. Ka mea, i papahana no ka loa kēia machines.

SH ho'ēmi i loko o kekahi kanaka e mahalo malalo iho SJ, ka mea, ua maikaʻi no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o kaa 1994-1989 makahiki ma mua. Class SF Ua hoʻomōhala ma mua haʻahaʻa-māmā Hawaii a me ka poe noonoo ole.

Universal Hawaii aila: papalua no hoi lakou omaka, no kekahi laʻana: SF / CC, CD / SF, etc. SF / CC - "hou kakolina", CD / SF- "hou kakolina diesel." Laʻana - i loko o ke kiʻi.

Aie i ka hōʻeuʻeu kūpono 'ana o ke kakolina diesel kiko'ī o lākou ka manaʻo pohihihi: .. Turbocharged, etc. Special pāʻoihana e pono no kēia mau mana mea kanu. No laila, ka mea e alakai ana ia nā hoʻohua loaʻa i ka laulā o nā mea kāhinu, no ka kakolina diesel kiko'ī. e hoomakaukau mau mele ma ka kūikawā kaʻaʻai «kakolina diesel».

Ma hoʻokaʻawale pūʻulu mea kāhinu, no ka kakolina mana huahelu me ka papa ka mana olaʻi. Ka mea, i ka mea hou inoa ec (Energy Conserving).

Mea Maluna o ka Hui o Europa ulia kaʻa Manufacturers (ACEA)

Ua wehewehe aku ma ka oi stringent e pono ai no ka mea e like ai o kaʻaila. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i loko o Europe i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'olelo o ka hana o ka hi a me kekahi mau' ē aʻe engine mea i manao ai.

Mea Maluna ACEA engineʻaila characterizes ana ma kiʻekiʻe ana wela ana.

ACEA e hōʻike ana eha papa o ka 'ae' A, B, C, E. manao no kola, kakolina diesel kiko'ī a me ka mana kanu i hoʻolako pono me ka catalytic converters.

Na Mea Maluna like me ka hookaawale pūʻulu o ka Naauao ikehu-e olaʻi kaʻaila. Ka mea, i kekahi kūikawā hiʻona. Lākou hoʻohana wahie makauliʻi i kā ia e hoemi i ka aila ho film mānoanoa ma kiʻekiʻe pae'ōnaehana mahana. Kekahi, ka hapanui Japanese, e papahana kiko'ī kaʻoi loa ma lalo o ka lama. Energy-efficient mea kāhinu, e hoʻohana wale i ka hihia i ka wa a ka mea i waihoʻia i ke kaa Hookah. Penei, BMW a me Mercedes-Benz e aʻo aku ai iā ole e hoʻohana iā lākou i nā mea a pau i loko o kaa o kēia mau lama.

He aha ka hoailona ma ka engine aila ACEA? Classes A a me B i loko o ka lākiō o ka ikehu olaʻi 'ae' identically. He aha aʻole ia ke ano o? Classes A1, A5, B1 a me ka B5 - ikehu-olaʻi. 'Ē aʻe - maʻamau aila. Keia A2, A3, B2, B3 a me ka B4. Energy-efficient mea kāhinu, i ole ia ma mua kaa. Ka mea e koi nei i maikaʻi ka hoomalu ana.

Menina ka lepili like A3 / B4, ua hoʻohana 'ia e Kû ke paʻa mea kāhinu, (kakolina a kakolina diesel).

A nui loa o ka US a me kekahi 'Eulopa kaʻa Manufacturers paipai aku ai i ko lakou mau kaa mele o ACEA A3 / B4, ke Kepani pili - ACEA A1 / B2 a A5 / B5.

ILSAC Mea Maluna

Ke brainchild a mau Hui o ulia kaʻa Manufacturers - Japan a me Amerika. Aia i ekolu papa o ka mea kāhinu, e i ikehu makauliʻi, a manao no ka kakolina ohua hi. Ka lepili: GF-1, GF-2 a me GF-3.

Mau mea kāhinu, e maikaʻi no kaa mai Japan. No ka 'Amelika hi lama i hoiliili ai ma ka ILSAC, like API.

Koi a me ka nohona kanaka o na automakers

API Mea Maluna ACEA, a kukulu iho la lakou lawelawe nā hoailona mea kāhinu,. A me kā lākou waiwai - ka palena iki allowable. I loko nō o ka mea i kā lākou koi Manufacturers o nā mea kāhinu, a me ka mea hoʻonui 'aelike me Manufacturers o kaa, i ka hope ka mea, i ole mau māʻona. ma ka hae ano e ho'āʻo ai e aole i hiki maopopo lawe i loko, no ke 'o ka hana o ka hou kēia kiko'ī. Nolaila, kaʻa Manufacturers waiho i ka pono, e formulate kā lākou mau hoakaka, i kūikawā koi.

Lawe mai i ka hoao ana mea kāhinu, i loko o kā lākou mau kiko'ī, mea kekahi e koho ia i, alakaʻiʻia e kekahi o ka pono Mea Maluna, a hoʻomōhala i ko lakou mau hae hoakaka ahi, o ka loa e pono a me ka 'ae' no ka hoʻohana.

Hoakaka automakers muli o ka hōʻike ma ka AEeAaOA aʻe a hiki i ka lepili ka papa hana waiwai. Keia koi ua hooko mai i ka palapala.

Ma ke ao nei apono i ka hookahi omaka engine aila. haawi i unambiguous pane ana i ka ninau o ka laulā o ka huahana omńkalakala ia.

ke kēia kumu noonoo. Penei, omaka 5W40 Hawaii aila.

Kēia kemikala haku mele 'ana no ka multigrade hana ma mahana mai -30 a hiki i +35 degere.

E like me ka Mea Maluna o ka API CJ-4 aila ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka kaa ua hanaʻia ma hope o 2006, a i hoʻolako pono me ka kiʻekiʻe-māmā kakolina diesel kiko'ī e hālāwai me nā ea puka hae ma 2007. Hoʻohana 'ia ka wā e holo ma luna o mōʻalihaku i pihaʻi me i oi aku 0,05% luaipele. Mana no kaa me ka particulate kānana , a no ka maluhiluhi kinoea recirculation nenoai. I ka hoʻohana ma kiʻekiʻe-quality, i loaʻa ka ole hou aku 0,0015% ka sulfur wahie, hoakaka mahuahua holo kaʻa kālā e e auou caiaiai.

Penei, omaka engine 5W40, i hoakaka ia ma ka'ōpala o kaʻaila, ka mea, he lawa 'ike e oholo kona suitability no ka hoʻohana ma luna o kekahi kaa ana hoʻohālike.