Parenchymal degeneration. morbid'anatomia

I kekahi manawa, ma ka lapaʻau me ka hana pono, he mea e like me ka mea i parenchymal degeneration. Pathological'anatomia pili ia i ka haunaele ma ka pūnao hīnaʻi manu. Ma na mea hua'ōlelo, ke kino, mai hemo mai ia i ke kaʻina hana o ka lako a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o ka mahuaola, i hiki aku ai i morphological (pilikia makapō) loli. Hoike aku i ka pathology hiki ia i loko o ka pauku 'ole ma hope o ka moʻo o ka lahui kekahi ho'āʻo ma. Parenchymal a me stromal-vascular degeneration nō i ke kumu o na mea he nui ona e ka maʻi.

ka wehewehena

Parenchymal degeneration - e pathological keʻano o ka hanaʻana i alakai i ka loli ma ka halepaahao me nā hale o nā nā loko. Mawaena o na maomeka o ka maʻi keena naʻu pee ikehu nele kāna hana me ka fermentopathy, discirkulatornaya kāna hana (koko, lymph, interstitium, intercellular loli), endocrine a me cerebral degeneration.

Aia i kekahi mau maomeka o ka degeneration:

- infiltration, i mea, i ka oi amo ana o ke koko huahana o pūnao i loko o ka halepaahao a me ka extracellular makahiki ma muli o ia ka hoʻokō 'ole' ana ma o ka'ūhū nenoai o ke kino;

- decomposition a PHANEROZOIC ho i ka palaho intracellular hale, i hele aku ai i ka hoʻohuikau 'o ka pūnao a me ka hoʻomāhuahua o unoxidized metabolic huahana;

- maʻawe loloa paha hoʻololi kemikala o ka waiwai i mea maʻamau aeea 'aʻole e pāʻani;

- i ka hou 'ana o māhuaola komo i ka halepaahao, e kükulu i kekahi i kekahi' ano o ka hopena-huahana (nā polokina, i ka momona, a me carbohydrates).

Mea Maluna

Pathologists i na kēia mauʻano o ka parenchymal dystrophies:

1. ke kaumaha ma muli o nā hoʻololi morphological:

- hoʻokahi wale nō parenchymal;

- stromal-vascular;

- hui.

2. E like me ke 'ano o ka hoʻonui' ona:

- kumuʻiʻo paha disproteinozy;

- momona paha lipidoses;

- carbohydrate;

- mea pōhaku.

3. E like me ka prevalence o ke kaʻina hana:

- System;

- kūloko.

4. Ma ka manawa o ka hanana:

- lilo;

- congenital.

A o ka poe a 'ē aʻe parenchymal degeneration pathological'anatomia Ho'ākāka' ole wale konohikiʻino wale i, akā, no hoi ma ka i Kekahi Mau 'o ka loli ana i keena. Ke hoʻololi mai kekahi i kekahi dystrophy mea theoretically hiki, akā, kokoke e hiki wale hui pathology. Parenchymal degeneration - o ka pā o ke kaʻina hana 'ia i loko o ka halepaahao, akā, wale hapa o ka lapaʻau maʻi pale i ka loaʻa o morphological a me ooieoeiiaeuiiai deficiency o kekahi hui.

Disproteinozy

Ke kanaka kino pili kēia ninoieo o nā polokina, a me ka wai. Kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma i kekahi hapa o ka halepaahao paia, membranes o na mitochondria a me nā organelles, ma ka hou, ka mea, ua noa i loko o ka cytoplasm. E like me ka rula, ka mea o nā'ūhū.

Disproteinozom ole pela, alaila hea aku i ka pathology like parenchymal kumuʻiʻo dystrophy. A me kona o Mānoa, ke moe i loko o ka mea ana ke kelepona hele nā polokina hoʻololi i kā lākou waiwai, e like me undergo mall loli, e like me denaturation a kollikvatsiya. Kumuʻiʻo-parenchymal dystrophy pili hyaline droplets, hydropic, pu, a me ka granular dystrophy. Ma ka mea mua ekolu, e ke kākau i loko o au mamuli, akā, i ka hope, granular, wehewehe aku i loko i ke kumuʻiʻo accumulates ma na keena o kaʻai, ma muli o ia i ke keena i hohola, a ua mahuahua ke kino, e lilo ia e wehe ai, a hoopaa hoi i. I mea no ke aha la i kapaia hoopaa hoi i nani ka granular dystrophy. Akā,ʻepekema i ole kanalua i ka mea parenchymal degeneration. Necropsy o ke kaʻina mea ia e hiki ke lawe i ka mōhaiʻai uku 'mahuahua ke kelepona hele' ole, me he pane i iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai stress.

Hyaline droplet degeneration

Me kēiaʻano o ka dystrophy ma hyaline keena hou nui kulu i ho'ōla merge i loko o kekahi i kekahi, a hoʻopiha i ka holoʻokoʻa loko makahiki o na keena, pau ka a luku lākou mau organelles. Ua hiki aku i ka lilo o ka hana, a me ka hiki,? A? Ka make. Loa pinepine i ka maʻi i loko o ia lŘlŘʻaʻa puʻuwai'aʻaʻa, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ke ake a me ka naau.

Ma cytology ma hope oʻaʻa puʻuwai biopsy, ma ka hou ana i ka hoʻomāhuahua o hyaline ma nephrocytes ho'āʻo luku ana o ke kelepona hele hehee wale. O kŰia mea akaka ka wā o ka hoʻomanawanui e hoʻomōhala ana i ka vacuolar-lysosomal ka hoʻokō 'ole, i hiki aku ai i ka emi ma ka reabsorption o kumuʻiʻo mai ka iniiaiie mimi. Loa pinepine, keia pathology ia lŘlŘ ma nephrotic maʻi pale. Ka loa pinepine diagnoses o kēia mau hoʻomanawanui iki mai - glomerulonephritis a me ka ʻaʻa puʻuwai amyloidosis. I waho kino 'aʻole e hoʻololi i ka wā hyaline droplet dystrophy.

I ake keena nei i kekahi mau mea okoa ke kulana. Ma microscopy ka mea, loaʻa Mallory corpuscles oia hoi o fibrils a me kanakaʻona mau hyaline. Lākou helehelena ua pili me Wilson ka maʻi, kanakaʻona mau hepatitis, e like me biliary cirrhosis a me Indian. I ka hope o kēia kaʻina Ua noho lakou malaila - aeea ake necrosis, make o kona kuleana pili i.

hydropic dystrophy

Kēia nānaina i kekahi, mai ka mea'ē aʻe dystrophies i ka iho mailoko o aeee, hou organelles piha me ka loli. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, e like me ka kŰia hiki ke ike i loko o kaʻili a me kaʻaʻa puʻuwai tubule keena ma ke akepaʻa, Muscle, a me adrenal gland.

Keena microscopically hooakeaia, kā lākou cytoplasm ua piha vacuoles me ka aniani moakaka wai Contents. Na kāna mau 'ōlelo ua' oni iki paha lysed, hale ka i koe i eliminated. Ultimately, o ka halepaahao mea he "hoʻonui" piha i ka wai. Nolaila, hydropic dystrophy i kekahi manawa kapa hoʻonui.

Grossly kino koeʻaneʻane ua hoʻololiʻia. Keʻano papa hana o ka? Acaeoey o keia maʻi - 'aʻe' colloid osmotic puʻe i loko o ka halepaahao, a ma ka intercellular makahiki. No ka mea, o keia loa permeability o ka halepaahao membranes o aeee make a me ka decompose. Ke kumu no ia Nine Inch loli paha e glomerulonephritis, mimikō,ʻaʻa puʻuwai amyloidosis. Ka loli ma ka ake keena he hoʻonui ia mea hoʻomaʻi a me kaʻawahia hepatitis. Ma ka ili hydropic degeneration hiki ke kauoha ae la ia e kekahi mea hoʻomaʻi o ka puʻupuʻu.

Ke Aloha o ka pathological kaʻina hana o ka mea nui a me ka huina necrosis, no laila, ke morphology a me ka hana o ka hikiwawe loa deteriorating.

cornea degeneration

Pathological actinic kino - o ka excessive hoʻomāhuahua o keratin i loko o kaʻili papa o ka ili, e like me hyperkeratosis a me ka ichthyosis, a me ka muli o ka horny waiwai, ma, e like me ka rula, ka mea e ole e - i loko o ka mucous membranes (leukoplakia, squamous aeea carcinoma). Kēia kaʻina hana hiki e nā kūloko a me ka huina.

Nā kumu no kēia 'ano o ka maʻi hiki e kāna hana ectodermal germ i embryogenesis, maʻi hoʻoʻino'aʻaʻa loli, mea hoʻomaʻi nā mea palahēhē a me ka wikamina ia wā.

Inā lapaau ua ma hope o ka symptoms mua hoʻomaka koke, me ka lole hiki nō ke ola, akā, ma ka nui hihia, hoolaia mea hou e hiki. Loa-na iaua ieiuaaee pepeiaohao dystrophy hiki lālā i loko o kaʻili Ka maʻi 'aʻai, a me congenital ichthyosis mea incompatible me fetal ke ola.

hereditary dystrophy

Hereditary parenchymal degeneration i hoʻomaka ai ma muli o ke congenital fermentopathia. Mau maʻi i kekahi kapa pūnaewele maʻi i noho ma muli o ke metabolic kāna hana, metabolic huahana loaa ma ka keena a me ke kino fluids,ʻapu kōheoheo iā ia. Ka maikai-ike laʻelaʻe 'ia o kēia hui e phenylketonuria, tirozinoz a me ka cystinosis.

Pale umauma hoʻokahi nā loko no ka phenylketonuria mea Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, Muscle,ʻili, a me ka loli (koko, mimi). metabolic huahana ma tirozinoze loaa i ake keena, hakuʻala a me ka iwi. Cystinosis no hoi e loli ai i ke ake a me nā konāhua, akā, ma ke kaʻawale mai o ia mau mea, e loaa ana spleen,'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo ka, iwi ka lolo, ka lymphatic'ōnaehana a me ka ili.

lipidoses

Lipids na ma kela a me keia halepaahao, ka mea hiki e nā kaawale, a ma ka hui pu ana, a me nā polokina, a me ka mall naehana e e aeea membranes, e like me nā ultrastructures. Eia kekahi, ma o ka cytoplasm mea glycerol a me ka momoma nāʻakika. I mea e huai ae ia i loko o nā'aʻaʻa ka hoʻohana kūikawā ano o ke haka pono maila a me ka i hookohu aku i, e like me Sudanʻeleʻele aʻulaʻula, osmicʻakika, Nile uliuli sulphate. Ma hope o kekahi 'aʻo hoomakaukau ana ke akahele nānā' ia ai ma lalo o ka huina'ine microscope.

Parenchymal momoma degeneration hoike mai ai ia me excessive hoʻomāhuahua o ka momona, kahi a lakou e noho ai, a me ka helehelena o ka lipids ma laila kahi mea e ole e. Ka mea, kamaʻilioʻana, e loaa 'ākilikai nā bipi kūpaluʻia. Pale umauma hoʻokahi nā loko i ka mea like me ia o ka kumuʻiʻo dystrophy - i ka naʻau, a me ka puʻupaʻa akepaʻa.

Ka momona parenchymal myocardial dystrophy hoʻomaka me ka helehelena i loko o myocytes o droplets uuku loa o ka kaikea, i mea. N. pulverized obesity. Inā i ke kaʻina hana 'Aʻole i pau i kēia kahua, a laila, e ho'ōla kulu coalesce, a liloʻOi aʻe, a ka mea e noho ma ka cytoplasm holoʻokoʻa. Organelles pela disintegrated, striated Muscle olona, nalo. Ka maʻi hoike mai ai ia ia iho, Tuamotu puni ka venous vascular kahi moe.

Grossly parenchymal momoma degeneration hoike mai ai ia ia iho ma naʻano likeʻole, a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kahua o ke kaʻina. I ka hoʻomaka o kaʻike, hiki ke i ma lalo o ka microscope wale, akā, me ka manawa, a mahuahua nui o ka naau ua ma ka hohola ana na keena, kona mau pā lilo lahilahi, a flabby, me ka māhele o ka myocardium hiki ke ike aku-yellow kaula. Ke pathophysiology o keia kino i hele mai me ka inoa "tiga naʻau".

Momoma degeneration o parenchymal nā loko hoʻomōhala i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE maomeka ekolu.

1. Ka māhuahua haawi o noa momoma nāʻakika ma myocardial keena.
2. 'Aʻe' ana o momona pūnao.
3. Ka'opi o ka lipoprotein hale i loko o ka halepaahao.

Loa pinepine, i triggered mau maomeka i hypoxia, nā mea palahēhē (diphtheria, tuberculosis, sepsis) a me ka intoxication me chlorine, phosphorus paha arsenic.

Nō kāu, momoma degeneration mea reversible, a me ka poho i ka halepaahao hale e hoemi ma manawa. Akā, inā i ke kaʻina hana e holo ikaika, a pau welau a ma ka make ana o'aʻaʻa a me ka hui. Clinicians i kēia mau maʻi pili me ka hoʻomāhuahua o ke kaikea ma na keena:

- Gaucher ka maʻi;

- Tay-Sachs maʻi;

- Niemann-e koho i maʻi, a me na mea e ae.

carbohydrate dystrophy

All carbohydrates, a i aia i loko o ke kino hiki ke maheleia i polysaccharides (loa, he pono ole no i ka ka glycogen), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: hyaluronicʻakika a me ka chondroitin, heparin), a me nā glycoproteins (mucins, a laila ka mucus a me mucoid).

I mea e kuhikuhi i na carbohydrates i loko o ke kino keena, ka mea i ho'ākāka 'hoao ana ua hana - Schick naoh. Kona Mānoa, he wahi ia o ka lole ua malamaia lakou nei, me ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemikaʻakika, a laila magenta. A me aldehydes huliʻulaʻula. Inā 'oe makemake e koho glycogen, na reagents i pākuʻi i ka amylase. Glycosaminoglycans a glycoproteins i kohuia me ka methylene uliuli. Parenchymal carbohydrate dystrophy pili ana me ka metabolic kāna hana o ka glycogen a me glycoproteins.

'Aʻe' ana o glycogen pūnao

Glycogen - ka mea, ke koe nō ke kino no ka "ke anuenue lā pōloli." Ka hapa nui o ia ia i mālama i loko o ke ake, a nāʻiʻo a me ka hoolilo i kēia ikehu loa liilii. Hooponopono o ka carbohydrate pūnao ia lŘlŘ ma ka neuroendocrine nenoaiu. O ka hana ka papa kuhikuhiE Ua pâʻani 'o ia, e like me ka mau, me ka hypothalamic-pituitary kahua. Ua hua koaʻe ke hormones i ka pāʻana i ka mea'ē aʻe endocrine glands.

'Aʻe' ana o glycogen pūnao o ka mahuahua paha ke emi kona ka nui i loko o nā'aʻaʻa, a me ka nānā aku i kahi mea e ole e. Loa maopopo ia loli ana i loko o mimikō mellitus a hereditary glycogen waho pūnaewele. Pathogenesis o mimikō ua hala loa maopopo: keena o ka pancreas aɃe hua insulina i loko o ke koi dala, a me ke kelepona hele ikehu me ke koe ua hoʻomaka koke depleted e like monakō koko, aole ia e loaa i na nā'aʻaʻa a excreted mai i ke kino ma ka mimi. Ke kino "wehe" kona me ke koe, a kuhikuhi e hoʻomōhala ana i parenchymal degeneration o ke akepaʻa. Ma ka nuclei o hepatocytes ikeia lucidʻanuʻu, a me ka mea, ua huali. No laila, ua kapaʻia ka mea, "nele kāna mau 'ōlelo".

Hereditary glycogenoses kauoha ae la ia e ka nele a me ka wa e kaawale aku o nā'ūhū komo i loko o ka hoʻomāhuahua o glycogen. Currently ike ia mai 6:

- Gierke ka maʻi ;

- Pompe maʻi ;

- Glycogen pūnaewele maʻi type V;

- kona mau wāhine 'maʻi;

- maʻi Forbes-Cori;

- Andersen ka maʻi.

Lākou palena pauʻike, Ua hiki ma hope o ke ake biopsy a me ka hoʻohana 'gistofermentnogo Ka Ikepili.

'Aʻe' ana o glycoprotein pūnao

Kēia parenchymal degeneration, kena ae la ia e ka hoʻomāhuahua i loko o nā nā'aʻaʻa o na mucins a mucoids. I ole ia, i kapa mau dystrophy mucous paha mucoid, no ka mea, o ka mea ano inclusions hana mau. I kekahi manawa, loaa i mucinsʻoiaʻiʻo, akā, nā wale i ka waiwai e hiki ke hoopaaia. Ma keia hihia, ka mea hele mai i ka colloidal dystrophy.

Microscopy o ka'aʻaʻa e hooholo ole wale i ka oiaio o ke alo o mucus, akā, kona waiwai. Aie i ka mea i ke kelepona hele'ōpala hoʻi a me ka h ÷ secretion ua ālai 'maʻamau outflow o ka loli, mai na glands, e hana cysts, a me kā lākou mau Contents lawelawe i ka li nui.

Nā kumu o kēia 'ano o ka dystrophy hiki e loa okoa, akā loa pinepine ia mea he catarrhal li nui o ka mucous. Eia hou, ina he hereditary maʻi, pathogenetic kumu hoʻohālike i fits pono loko o ka wehewehena o ka mucous dystrophy. He cystic fibrosis. Loli pancreas, intestinal Tube, urinary'āpana, biliary'āpana, hou glands a me salivary glands.

Hooholo o ke ano o ka maʻi hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka huina a me ka lōʻihi like 'ole o kona mucus hookuuia. Ka emi manawa i hala, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ka pathological kaʻina, ka oi paha ia o ka mucous ola loa. Akā, ma kekahi hihia o ka epithelial desquamation, mau sclerosis, a me ka 'aʻe' ana o ka hui, kēia kuleana pili i ka heluna kānaka.