Pasternak Leonid Osipovich: pena, Kawaihae

I mea ike i ka makua kāne o ka mea kaulana Lūkini haku mele a me ka mea kākau Borisa Pasternaka mea like loea kanaka,ʻo ia ka artist Pasternak Leonid Osipovich. About kana hana e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala.

kamaliʻi

Young artist Pasternak Leonid Osipovich (1862-1945 - makahiki o ke ola), nona maoli inoa kani e like Avrum Itshok Leib, kupu ae la i loko o ka ohana ilihune ma Odessa. Wā e hiki mai loea pena i ka muli loa o nā keiki eono. Ke keiki, hoomaka koke e hōʻike ʻike hoʻokumu. Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā i ke ahuwale talena o ko lākou mau keiki, ua hopu makua Leni kuko ole ohohia. Aka, o ka opiopio artist i ole haʻalele papa ma ka oe kula. E ao ana ke olonā kilokilo keiki hoomauia ma hope o ka pau ana o ka gymnasium. Ia Leonid koho like hana kūikawā 'inikua hana, ia mea i loko o laua me ka kulanui haʻawina hui ke kipa i ka haku o Nuioka ma E. Sorokina. No hoi, haʻawina ma ka hana kūikawā i ka wā e hiki mai artist ka manawa e loa nana i ke ano o ke kanaka kino, kona specificity i ka hele a me statics.

Hou haʻawina haku hookama i oi unexpected huli. I iwakalua-hoʻokahi makahiki Leonid hoʻololi koke i kona oihana, a ua hoomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ka'āuna kumu. Naʻe, i loko o kēia pōʻino kona manaopaa mea,ʻaʻole ma luna, a ma hope wale nō o ka pōkole manawa, ia i haʻalele i kona aina, a hele aku la, e hoao i ko lakou hopena ma Germany.

E noho nei ma kahi e aku

Maluhia iho la ma Munich, Pasternak Leonid Osipovich pau keia mau haumāna mai këia pena ma ka Halau o Nice Arts Royal. He loaʻa i ke ola o ka haku i kona makuwahine, he kaulana Lūkini artist Serov, a ma ia manawa i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka hoa kanaka. Kēia hālāwai Ua lilo i ka hiʻona'āina no ka Pasternakʻohana, a no ka Serov ohana. Leonid Osipovich mau makamaka, me keia wahine i ka hoʻomaka o ka lōʻihi-makahiki aloha ma waena o kekahi mau hanauna.

ka mua ka paʻi

Iloko o ka Ahaolelo, i ka artist no kekahi manawa hoi i Odessa, kahi ana i hoolaha mua kāna hana i loko o Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke puke kātuna ano. O lakou sketches, Cartoons, sketches, sketches. Pehea ka nui o hope hai i ka artist iho Maksim Gorky, i ka manawa Pasternak hoopio mua, e like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo, "tramp" ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo.

Ma keia aʻo i ka haku i kekahi kala ma laila. Ma hope o ua noho mai ke Kulanui o Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, Kawaihae i loaa kekahi e piʻi like nui, ia i malamaia e like me ka hana manawaleʻa. A hiki i kona mau koa oihana, oia, aole ia i hooki i ka e sketches a me ka meaʻuʻuku nō. No ka mea, i hana i ka mea kākau o ka kaila.

Personal ola

Ma ka aina o Pasternak Leonid Osipovich halawai mai me Roza Kaufman, he incredibly loea pianist. Kela manawa, i ka MH 1889 i mare i nā hoaaloha, a neʻe akula i ka noho ma Moscow. Aia Rose i kekahi Concert ma hope o kekahi, a me Leonid lawe pio aku ai polenovskim hoa kanaka.

Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, newlyweds mua ke keiki i hanau. Ua ua ia i ka mea ma hope lilo i kaulana Lūkini haku mele. Ka mea, ua Boris Pasternak. Ekolu makahiki ma hope o ka hui i ke keiki, Alexander, ka mea i lilo i ka holomua kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone.

Ma waho aʻeo ia o nā keiki kāne i loko o ka 'ohana, he Pasternak, a me ka maikai ke keka. I ka makahiki 1990 i ka uʻi artist ka kaikamahine, Josephine,ʻelua makahiki ma hope, aloha wahine Rosa i kana wahine Lydia. Kona keiki Pasternak laʻa he kaʻawale gale. Ma kēia mau canvases pio a pau o ka intimacy a me ka mehana o ka 'ohana pūnana aku, a ua hili iho la i ka uʻi hui.

iaia

Ka hiʻona'āina no ka mea opiopio artist i ka MH 1889 oia ka minoʻaka hou loaa, a me ka mea mua i ike kiʻi o ka haku, "ka huapalapala mua a hiki i ka Motherland" kuai lilo ka ua mahaloia ÿauhau Paulo Tretyakov. Ua ua i ka holomua makahiki no Pasternak. Ma hope o ka exhibition, keia artist ka inoa mea mau loa paʻa ma luna o ka par me kona mau ole emi kaulana wā.

Ma hope o ka ua wawalo lanakila ma Moscow malu o connoisseurs o ka pena Pasternak Leonid Osipovich lilo mahalo i waena o Artists o ka manawa. Hoomaka ae la oia e alu like me ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ikeia ma ka Waihona Noʻeau a me Artists. A, i ka artist a me ka ia i hoomaka ai e hāʻawi nā haʻawina a novice pena. No laila,ʻo Ilya Repin hoouna aku, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina me Pasternak'ōpiopio nā haumāna. Hope, hoomaka ae la ka haku, e haawi aku i kekahi haʻawina ma Moscow. Ka ike ana i ka pomaikai, ua hoʻoholo iho, pu me kona hoa, ka artist Stemberg hamama pono'ī aʻo o Nuioka ma e huki. Oiai e hana me nā haumāna Pasternak ua hoʻokūpaʻa iho me ka holumua ai artist a me ke kumu. Penei, i ke ao ana,ʻo ia,ʻaʻole wale ao mai la ia haumāna i nā kumu o ke o he kilokilo a me nā unuhi, akā, i hōʻike i ka hou opiopio, ka mea i mua i hoʻohana ki ina hana like. mua i aʻoʻia i kēia haku i aʻo i loko o Germany. Penei, ka Lūkini nō ke kiʻekiʻe o Hawaiʻi i ka 'Eulopa.

I ka hana i loko o ka puke pai

Mai 1890, Leonid Osipovich ma lalo o ka patronage o ka Lūkini kākau moʻolelo, playwright a me kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa Fedora Sologuba i ka nō hoʻoponopono o ka hou Magazine "Artist". Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope, Pasternak i ke kahu ai i ka puke o na hana o Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova me ki io. Kēia ohi o ka artist ua ole wale hoʻonaniʻia no kona mau ki io, akā, i haawi mai i ka manawa kūpono e hana ma luna o ia kekahi Artists loea akā, emi loa-ike. Mawaena o lakou ka mea, ua i kaulana loa i ia manawa, akā,ʻaʻohe emi loea o keia Mikhail Vrubel.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka hana ma ka mahinaʻai o ka journalism, haku hakahaka ma ka pena. I ka 1892 kākau Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "throes o ka honua nei." Ka mea hōʻike i ka hiʻona'āina i loko o ke kapa o ka artist.

e pili ana kiʻi

I loko nō o ka mea i Leonid Osipovich Pasternak ua ike like me ka pena, he nui hapa o kona noʻeau hooilina e kiʻi.

A hiki i keia ano o ka lole kilokilo artist hookomo i kona mau kū hoʻokahi, ke manaʻo. Ka loa ma ko hiʻona o Pasternak mau kiʻi mea i ka haku ua depicted ole wale i ka bust, akā, i hoopii ai i ka pahale honua i hoikeia. Ma kona mau pena, ai ka artist imi iho la e hoolilo aku i ke ano i kākauʻia naʻau i loko, me kona mau Emotions, kaumaha, naʻau i loko nā poʻohiwi. Pasternak i kākau ai i loko o impressionistic kaila. oi loa aku kou mana mamua o ka loa akaka no ka puka mamua o ka mea i kēia kaila hiki e wahi ana i nā mea a pau i ka artist ka hana, ma hope o nā mea a pau, ia mea i loko o nā kiʻi o keia waiwai.

International pomaikai

Pasternak hana mau e hoʻomōhala me he kumu kumu a me ka ua mua ia i kaʻoihana i loko o ka Kula o Arts i ka 1894. I ka Ia manawa, Pasternak lilo kumu a me nā hoʻokamakama mau haku, i waena o lākou Serov, Nikolai Kasatkin a me K. Korovin. Ma kā lākou mau hana i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke ao ana, i ke kula ua lilo kekahi o ka loa holomua ole wale i loko o Rusia, akā, e lilo ia i mea kaulana wale aku no. Young enterprising kumu, he nui ka poe i ua hoʻonaʻauao ma kahi e, i hoʻolaunaʻia ma hou puke maʻamau, i ao mai oe. Eia hou, keia pae ana o na kumu i aliʻi ma nā papa no ka mau hoʻonaʻauao. No laila, Vasiliy Klyuchevsky lilo i kumu o Lūkini mōʻaukala. Ma hope, Leonid Osipovich hoopio ia ma luna o kekahi o kona mau kiʻi. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ke kula i mea ole i loko o make hewa loaʻa iā lākou iho kaulana nui: no ka mea laʻa a hana ana i na kumu o na haumana ma hope nei i mea nui haku. I waena o ia mau mea kaulana Artists like Gerasimov, Konchalovsky, Krymov, Shcherbakov a me na mea e ae.

Naʻe, a me keia ua i kaupalena 'ia Slava Pasternaka. I ka 1894, 'Ma ka Ewa a me kŰia, "He kiʻi o ka artist lanakila mua wahi ma ka hoʻonohonoho' exhibition ma Munich. Ua Ua kuai i loko o 1890 no ka mea hoʻonani o ka Lukemapuka Museum 'ana mai o ka exhibition ma Palika.

Ma hope o ia i ka pihe uē ma ka pomaikai i ke Logical koi no ka ʻike hoʻokumu Pasternak. Kela manawa, i ka 1901, ka Lukemapuka Museum Komikina'Āina mau loa-ike ma ia manawa pena, a me Leonid Osipovich, eh ÷ ike ai, e hoohuli mai Lūkini ola. Pasternak kakau iho la i kekahi o kona mau loa kaulana puke i haku ai, i ka pono kiʻi o "Tolstoy me kona ohana." Ua hoonani aku i ke Duke George Alexandrovich, e kiai ana i ka exhibition "World o Art".

Hope Pasternak ia ia iho i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o Lūkini nō i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Düsseldorf. I loko nō o kona manawa ma kahi e haku fruitfully hoʻohana i ka anao? Aou manawa, a kipa i ka Kaiwaenahonua kahakai. Oiai ma Italia, o ka artist i ka hailona o sketches o Landskap.

Life ma waho o ka'āina

Ma nā hanana o 1905, Leonid Osipovich a pau ka makahiki ua ma Pelelina. Mea mahalo ia i ka 'oihana ma ke kula i ia e nōʻoe, no ka mea, i ke kula i paa. I keia manawa, Pasternak i loko oʻEulopa nā hōʻike he nui loa, a me Pelelina kauwahi. Ma ia laua, i ka haku pena no ka'āina'ē he nui loa nā mea kūʻai mai.

Mai ka makahiki 1912, i lapaʻau Roses Pasternak ma Kissingen, a ma Pisa, hoomaka ae la ka haku i kona nui canvas "hoohiwahiwa." E like me na keiki, hapai ae la i hele mai e hooluolu i ko lakou mau makua 'mau makana i ka kālā mare lā hoʻomanaʻo, a pehea ka mea i kākauʻia i ka artist. Leonid Osipovich Pasternak pau i kona pena i ka 1914. Ua ua i ka pihe uē ma ka pomaikai.

I loko o kēia wā, ka haku noho ma Moscow. Heʻaneʻi i kakau iho Pasternak Leonid Osipovich, "Makuahine o ke keiki" - kekahi o ka loa kaulana o kona mau puke i haku ai.

Mai 1921. Pasternak noho ma Pelelina. I loko nō o ka mea hōʻemi i ola, a hihia hoʻi hihiʻo,ʻo ia manaʻo i kēia o makakū koa, a palapala iho la i keia manawa i ka moʻo o nā kiʻi o kaulana personalities, i waena o ia Albert Einstein, R. M. Rilke, a he nui na mea e ae. I ka makahiki 1924,ʻo ia ua ma ka poʻe me nā hoa hele aku la ma ka hele ana i Aigupita, a Palekekine. Iloko o ka huakaʻi, Pasternak i kākau i ka moʻo o ka maikaʻi loa sketches.

I ka manawa o ke kāʻili 'ana i ka mana ma ka Nazis, ka hapanui o ka artist ka hana i akea ke ahi, a me nā hōʻike i banned. Ma keia manao, ma ka hopena o ke kanakolu, Pasternak neʻe i London, kahi i palapala ai i ka moʻo o ka pena, a laila laila 'ana i ka Beritania Museum. Ma hope iho o ka outbreak o ka Apana World War, ka haku hala aku ma Oxford.

Ma ka manawa, i ka waiwai hooilina o ka artist mea i loko o na mea he nui o ko ke ao nei i ka loa kaulana Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, a me ka Tretyakov Gallery ma Moscow. He paʻakikī e Loiloi i ka makana i loko o ka Lūkini a me ka honua oe Leonid Osipovich Pasternak. haku i pena nō kūlana 'he wahi o ka hanohano i ka lahui nā hōʻike.