Pehea, a ma ka iniiaiie mimi ua hana: na maomeka i ola a me ka maʻi

Ua 'oe a mau loa aku ka pihoihoi ana i ke ano o ka hana i ka herculean' oihana mākou kino ma ka kela la i keia manawa no ka hōʻoia 'ana i ke kino o ka pūnao? Pehea, a ma kahi e, e hana i ka iniiaiie a me ka haumāna mimi, aha mea na maomeka o ka rula o kēia mau luna 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana, nā mea hana i ke kino o lākou aʻe'? E hoomanao i kēia mau nīnau ma kēia 'atikala i nui au mamuli.

hoike

Pūnao - ka mea wale nō kumu o ka ikaika a me ka nutrient substrates no nā meaola e noho ana, a me kānaka. A me ka papa kuhikuhiE lawe i kā lākou i ke koko. Naʻe, i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka pūnao e hana ole wale e pono no mākou, akā, i hoʻokali kūpono ', hua'ōlelo i makemake' ole a hikiʻawahia metabolites e e hookuu ia hoʻi i loko o ke kaiapuni. Ala no keia 4: expiratory lewa mai ka ili secretion ma ka naʻau liʻiliʻi a me nā puʻupaʻa. Eia ka hopeʻano papa hana, a ke nana aku i ka nui au mamuli, no ka mea, e loli ai i ka nui loa o ka pono pūnao i loko o ke kino, a no laila kona hoʻolako 'ia' ana o nā mea a pau i ka mea māhuaola.

He aha ka i ka waiwai o nā puʻupaʻa i loko o ke kino?

Puupaa elua, e like me ko oukou ike ana, OK - ia Ka hui kaulua hui, aia i loko o ka extraperitoneal lumbar māhele o ke kanaka. He keia kino He kuleana no ka auaaeaiea o pau na toxins a me metabolites o ka meaola i mea i loko o ke koko a me ka malama i haule i loko o ka bile, a me ka electrolyte koena. Eia hou, ka mea, synthesize kekahi hormones a me ka mea i kekahi o na kumu o maomeka hooponopono ana i ke koko, - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone nenoaiu, i mea ku pono i ka kūikawā keena ma ka juxtaglomerular afferent arterioles kaʻaʻa puʻuwai corpuscles i loa ikepili koʻikoʻi i kēia aiao. Ke parenchyma o keia hui, ua haku o ka miliona o nephrons ma capillary glomeruli i ke kahua o ka iniiaiie mimi i loko o ka tubules a - kona lehulehu mua kiʻekiʻe.

Ma i na mea a pau ua nānā 'ana?

Kēia nunui-ʻanuʻu kaʻina a me ka ua ma muli o ka manaʻo o keʻano piʻina, i mea, i ka likeʻole ma waena o nā loina. Pela, ke manaʻo koikoiʻano piʻina ma waena o ka afferent a me ka efferent arterioles regulates ke dala o ka mimi, a nolaila i ka waiwai o ka mea ai hoʻolahaʻia ke koko ka leo a me ke koko,. A lehulehuʻano piʻina o ka Ion a me ka permeability no lākou omo pā hoʻolako i electrolyte koena i loko o ke kino. Penei, ka hakuʻala - he nui hui, e like me ka mea wale pololei pane i ka nīnau: "? Pehea, a ma kahi e, e hana i ka iniiaiie mimi" Inā mākou kamailio hou e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka nephron, a laila ka mea, hōʻike' ka papa kuhikuhiE māhele elua: o kaʻaʻa puʻuwai corpuscle (capillary glomerulus + mawaho mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku Bowman -Shumlyanskogo) a tubules (io na la - proximal convoluted laina, loop o Henle, pii - distal convoluted a me ka pololei). Pehea, a ma ka iniiaiie mimi ua hanaʻia i loko o kēia luna 'kahua? Loa wale, ina oe e nana.

Pehea 'aʻole ia hana?

Ke'ī mai,ʻo keʻano o ka hanaʻana a pau e lawe wahi i loko o ka nephron hale a ma ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi maomeka. I mea, o ka iniiaiie mimi - o ka wai i loaa mai ma ke kānana o ka ke kelepona hele kumu o ke koko, a me ka mea hana i loko o kaʻaʻa puʻuwai corpuscles. Aie i ka mea i ke anawaena afferent arterioles nephron palua i ke anawaena o ka efferent koko ua EII ni ma lalo kiʻekiʻe puʻe i loko o ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku o Bowman-Shymlanskaya, a ma lalo o ka aoao o ka mea hookahi, ikaika komo i ka capillary glomerulus. Ma keia aeea oihana mua a me nā lātoma mai i kekahi lohi loa ke'ākeʻakeʻa moku pā, a no laila, e puka mai mai loko mai o ka mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku hoʻi ma ka efferent arteriole. Eia pehea a ma ka iniiaiie mimi ua hana. Kēia kaʻina Ua hai noke, o kela lua, no ka mea, ma ka mea e malama i ka viability o ko mākou nā loko a me nā'aʻaʻa o ke koko circulates noke, maalo ae la oia no hoi ma na puʻupaʻa.

kekahi mau hou

Pela, i kēia lā kino a hele ma iho i 1,700 nā lika o ke koko, i ua hana mai ka iniiaiie mimi (150-170 nā lika), a laila 1 hano o umi kela a me keia. Ka mea, Ua lawa wai a pono e loko mai o ke kino, no ka mea, i kela la i ke kanaka eʻai nō ia ma kahi o 2-3 nā lika o ka wai, e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka hano eia kekahi he hou i hanaʻia ma keʻano o ka hanaʻana metabolic. A me iniiaiie mimi loaa mai ma ka poe noonoo ole kānana o ke koko ma membranes, ia mea kokoke wai koko, akā, me na nā lātoma nui. Akā, e like me ka hope 'ia mele iniiaiie mimi i hui pū nui Ion a me ka monakō koko, e like me ka mea hiki wale komo iloko ma ka vascular pa. Eia, ma ka hele ia ma ke ano o tubules ia lŘlŘ reabsorption o ka wai, electrolytes a me, ka hapanui importantly, monakō koko. I mea no ke aha la ia e huai ae i loko o ka Ikepili o ka mimi kumuʻiʻo a me kō kauka pono hāʻupu aʻe i ka pathological ano o ke kino.

maʻi

Nā puʻupaʻa i paku ole ia i na mea he nui infectious konohiki, i ko lakou mau nā mea'aʻaʻa, e like me parasites. Penei, he formidable maʻi o glomerulonephritis, hahau, kuhikuhi nephrons i hana i ka iniiaiie mimi. E möakäka hou hoʻoʻino kaʻina puka mai i tubules, a nolaila urinalysis, a ike nui dala o ke kumuʻiʻo a me electrolytes.

Ka loa, he pono ole abnormality mea pyelonephritis - he li nui o kaʻaʻa puʻuwai pelvis nenoaiu o ka infectious ano, hakuʻala oa oihana i ua hāpai mimi i loko o ka ureter. Parenchyma ana pilikia wale kānaka, no laila, ke kumuʻiʻo ua loaʻa i loko o ka poe liilii, dala, akā, koʻohune a me keʻokeʻo koko keena - he nui. Eia hou, i kaʻokoʻa ano ana nephritis ma systemic pathologies kino (amyloidosis), maʻi o ka cardio-vascular'ōnaehana (atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis), a me ka metabolic kāna hana. Aia mau no hoi congenital malformations o ka urinary nenoaiu. Penei, nā puʻupaʻa i loa susceptible i pathological loli, a no ka mea, o ko lākou pōʻino kūlana ma ke kino, ua kiʻekiʻe, e pili ana i ko lakou ola e lawe mālama i kona wa opiopio.