Perm. Nā minelala hao (papa)

Ka-yeiiiie? I ke ola o kēlā me kēia moku'āina ke kaukaʻi ma na mea he nui aʻe. Like nui nō ka'āina i ka iho kumu waiwai. Mea pōhaku me ke koe pono i loko o kekahi hanalima kaiaulu, i ka mahiʻai hana, no? Ieoaeunoaa. I huli ai oe, i ke ana a me ka hana ana o kanaka wahi hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka loaʻa nui o kumu waiwai a me kā lākou mau dala.

Ka mua kahua

Ka nui nā minelala hao o Perm Krai IeXAaAeAaIEN i ka laulā o ka hana. Eia ua 'Imi mau e hoʻoikaika i kaʻaila i nā mahinaʻai, ka paakai, diamonds, ke gula, lanahu a me ka oi.

He waiwai ka uku noonoo ana i ka mea i ka huli no ka waiwai, hâʻawi wale ma ke ano maoli - kekahi mea pepehi weliweli a me ka paakiki hana. 'Aʻole loa aku nei, i kapaia o ka poe hana nana i hana i loko o ka loaʻa o na mea i eliia prospectors. Akā, ma ka mea o kēia au nei e komo kanaka hulihonua - hoʻomalu i ka 'oihana nui o ke aʻo a me ka palapala hōʻoia.

Kekahi o ka mea pōhaku hoʻokomo kālā i loko o ka Perm māhele 'āina i hele mai i kaʻikeʻia, mai ka waena o ka XV kenekulia. 'Ā ina manawa i kapaia "Perm", ia i ka mua, ua ulu ma ka ?? eoi? O ka māhele' āina i ka lōʻihi-makahiki hoʻokomo kālā o nā pōhaku. Kēia kānaka apau i mākaukau e pili ana i ka 'ā ina huakaʻi hoʻopono Pelekāne Murchison, ka mea i hiki ke huai ae i ke kapa o Yegoshikha nui maoli ke koe nō.

Perm paakai hoʻokomo kālā

Ua huli mai i kekahi o ka honua alakaʻi ma luna o ka paakai laau o kaʻoi loa o ka Perm māhele 'āina. Nā minelala hao Verkhnekamsk hooku iho la ia me ka pohaku, a me ka potash potasiuma a me ka makanekiuma paʻakai. Loko o ke kahahńnai o Berezniki a Solikamsk ma ka hohonu o ka i ka 600 mika manoanoa papa o ka paakai i ke aupuni '. Ka mea,'ōniʻoniʻo, ahu iho la o ka pohaku, ka mea hoi ia lŘlŘ me ka palapala loloa. Ma hope ka mea, he mea he ahu iho la ka potasiuma a me ka makanekiuma, a me ka paʻakikī i pono e kiʻi i ka potash a me ka pōhaku strata. Kāpena Barber, kanaka hulihonua kapa koʻu "Pie."

Verkhnekamsk ka paʻakai hoʻokomo kālā i hana oi ma mua o kekahi miliona makahiki aku nei. Ua huli mai i kekahi manawaʻaneʻi i hele ma ke kai. Aie i ka hopena o ka wela Map kai ua enaena, a vaporized no ka lōʻihi manawa. Ka paʻakai lehulehu ua i nā hoemi i ka nui o ka wai, a mahuahua nui, a ua hoomaka ae la e loaa puleʻAmelika, ma ka lalo o ka liʻiliʻi lepo Hono. A i ka wa a ke kai nalowale loa, ma kona wahi ka mea, ua i ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua o ka lola honua keʻena likeʻole paʻakai, pena i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka'ōniʻoniʻo, mai maemae keʻokeʻo i ka aahu ulaula.

Resources o ka pohaku paakai

Rock paakai He pinepine nonono a me ka melemele kala like 'ole, me ka piha papa inoa o nā minelala hao Perm Teritori ka loaʻa o colorless a me ka maemae subspecies o kēia lāʻau kūpeʻe. Halite (no laila,-kapaia ka aniani moakaka ka paʻakai) hoopuni hoike mai i loko o ka wai, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia ka poʻe no lākou maʻamau o pono no kekahi mau kenekulia i loko o ka lalani. Luna pahupaʻikiʻi i nā wahi ma kahi o ka subsoil pili i ka Saline podstupayut groundwater. O kŰia ua i ke kumu o na kumu maoli o ka paakai.

Nā paionia 'o na saltworks hihia ua Kalinnikova Kalepa hui, ka mea i hiki mai Novgorod. Me ka hana malu ma ka waiwai o ka aina Permian, ka mea, ua ulu pōʻalo o ka paʻakai ma na muliwai a me Usolka Borovitsa, kukulu kekahi mau wahi, a? Oaiaaou i ka saltworks. Once ka mea, lilo ike i ka helehelena o ka uuku kulanakauhale o Salt Kama a puni o ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi o ka lawaiʻa i ke kumu no ka muli o ke kūlanakauhale o kēia au o Solikamsk.

Ka hooulu ana o ka paʻakai? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ka XV-XVI kenekulia

Holo nōhie, paakai? Iecaianoaaiiie ua he pumping brine a me ke omoāea. An nui mea ia manawa mea i papaʻaina paʻakai ʻaʻole hiki e ai oluolu e kuai. Ua hiki ke kuai ma ke kumukuai i loaʻa mea,ʻaʻole no ka kela mea keia mea.

Soon Kama hele akula i loko o ka'āina hoʻoili o nā waiwai nona i loaa mai Ivana Groznogo aliʻiʻo Samuel aeia mai oukou. Ma ka waena o ka XVI ke kenekulia, i ka mea nona mai o ka aina i lilo i poe kalepa Stroganoff hoʻomau ana i loko o ka hana mau. No ka paakai pōʻalo ua hōʻea i ka hou kiʻekiʻe o ke kaulana, a pau i ka Perm māhele 'āina. Nā minelala hao kuai lilo aku la i loko o Rusia, a hoʻolilo i Moscow'āina. Ka papa hana o ka wahi i lawe mai lula 'makahiki a me ka hiki ana hoʻomōhala i ka hana.

"Permyak - ka palemo iho pepeiao"

Ma ka manawa o ka paakai hoʻokomo kālā ma luna o nā mea he nui na mea e hana ana i ohana, no ka mea, i ka inoa kapakapa i ola a hiki i kēia lā,ʻikeʻia e like me ka "Permyak - ka palemo iho pepeiao". E kāhea aku iā ia e lilo i kumu. Ka mea i ka hana ma ka mahinaʻai Stroganov malamalama ia i manaoia, no ka mea, e loli ai i ka loa oluolu hopena no na hana. Ma mauʻeke lehulehu o ua hoʻopōaiapuni waiwai seeped paakai lepo. Ma kanaka ola, mau kauo a puni i ka haawe ana, e lewa negatively: hookahe corrode i kaʻili, na lima a me nā pepeiao, a laila ka mea, heʻulaʻula, a wela ai.

Ma ka hanohano o na kanaka selflessly komo i loko o kēia hana, ma ka waena konu o Perm ua hoonoho Permians kia. Verkhnekamsk paakai i koe iho no ka lōʻihi manawa o ka wale paakai shaker ole wale no a pau Russian kanaka, akā, i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu no ke kūpono 'ana o ke Nine Inch hana a me kaʻai i ka' enehana. Naʻe, a me ka loaʻa o ka oi waiwai mahinaʻai i loko o ka Volga kiaha o ic ?? saltworks hana me ka nui loa ka meheu o lākou iki mai i loko o ka Perm māhele 'āina.

Potasiuma a me ka makanekiuma waiwai

Nui hope kokoke Solikamsk Ryazantsev np Ua loaʻa hoʻokomo kālā o ka potasiuma a me ka makanekiuma paʻakai. Eia kekahi mea nui no kanaka hulihonua loaʻa anaʻeli i ka luawai, i ka hope o hope o ka wahine o ka discoverer o Lyudmila. Aʻelua o nā makahiki ma ka wahi Lyudmilinskoy hanauna kanaka hulihonua i loaʻa potasiuma paakai a pink malu, e aahu ana i ka 'epekema inoa sylvinite.

Iloko o ke ao, noiʻi loaʻa i ka paena ike i ka nui o ka mea pōhaku kumu waiwai e e hiki i ka i nui o ke aniani, potash fertilizers no ka mahiʻai? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka pau Perm māhele 'āina. Nā minelala hao o ka mea ia Apana haku polokalamu hooku iho la ia i kekahi mea hou ma hope o ka makahiki. He manoanoa kiʻekiʻe o ka paakai ka moana i ka pohaku ahu iho la ka paakai hoʻokomo kālā, kona haku mele 'ana komo pū makanekiuma.

Mai ia heʻula paʻakai hou hiki ke loaa i ka haʻahaʻa mahele heheʻe i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia i ua hoʻohana 'ia ma shipbuilding a me ka mokulele? Ieoaeunoai.

Ka loaʻa o ka aila hoʻokomo kālā

E noonoo pono i ka paakai nā minelala hao o Perm Krai (kekahi mau kiʻi i hōʻike 'ia ma luna), oe e maopopo leʻa hai i ka accidental loaʻa o ka aila kahua. I mea e kuhikuhi i na palena o ka mea kahiko nā aouli hui o kanaka hulihonua, lawelawe ma ka Preobrazhenskiy P. I., i ka 1928 i loko o nā kūlanakauhale kauhale Verhnechusovskie hana huli no nā, oi unexplored paakai me ke koe. No kekahi a hiki i kuhi ia e loaʻa ka mea, i kekahi wahi o kaʻeli aila. Ka hou i ka hana e ana ma muli o ka nele o ka paakai hoʻouku. Manawa hoopahaohaoia'na hoole e hoʻopauʻeli, ua hoʻoholo ihola i ka hoʻomau 'ana iʻeli, a hou Wa Mamua o ka luawai.

Flair i i loaa ole ia ke Aliʻi kanaka hulihonua - me ka hohonu o ka ma kahi o 330 mika loaa i ka pohaku, piha me ka aila. E like me ka mea huli mai, ka mea, ua oi nui iho la ia luna aila ho film. Ma ka paena o ka luawai mua, haahaa inoa kapakapa "Grandma", i ka hale kiaʻi. I ka manawa o ka hanana o ka mua a hiki i anaʻe ma ka aina punawai no ka lōʻihi manawa i koe i loko o ka hoomanao ana o kanaka, noonoo i loko o ka palapala, ai ka hana ana, (essay), memoirs.

Ka loaʻaʻana o ka mea e hiki mai aila mea pōhaku hoʻokomo kālā o ka Perm māhele ana i ka makahiki 1934 ma Krasnokamsk. Kēia manawa, e like me ia ma ka mua kekahi, i kekahi noonoo wale i hou ua ole loaʻa hala loa mea e huli nei. Mua oe hina ma luna o kaʻaila, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale? Oaony i? Eou artesian wai. Soon kokoke kanaka hulihonua loaa kekahi mau mahinaʻai, a me Osinskoye, Chernushinskogo, Kuedinsky, Ohrid a me na mea e ae.

Coalfield i loko o ka Perm māhele 'āina

Mea pōhaku kumu waiwai o ka Perm māhele (Hawaii photo, a me ka inoa o kela mea keia mea hiki ke loaʻa ma ka hana kūikawā periodicals) i loko o kona papa i a me ka lanahu. I loko nō o ka mea i ai i ka lā, ai ka hope lanahu me ke koe e lawa i ka uhi? Iecaianoaaiiuo pono o ke Kama,ʻaʻole mākou e hoopoina ia, no ka laʻana, Kizel lanahu pa holoi e pau ai i wahie i ke kumu nui loa o ka Lūkini ?? eoi? No elua haneri oi aku makahiki.

Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hahana maoli nō kēia wahi, hanalima mea kanu, kila kanu, a no ka paio hahana maoli nō o ka heluna kanaka.

Pōʻalo o ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi a me na pohaku

Ma kekahi mau mea nō hele pōʻalo o ka mea maikai diamonds. Ka mea i loaʻa i loko o nā pōhaku a me nā pōhaku mai placers muliwai mokuna. Advantageously, i loko o kēia wahi, aia nō colorless pohaku, akā, pinepine i loaʻa diamonds i yellow a me ka uliuli waihoʻoluʻu. Diamonds - faceted diamonds. Mau gems i maopopo kiʻekiʻe kāki. Ua hoʻohana 'ole wale i ka jewelers, e ho okumu ana i kā lākou mau masterpieces. pinepine Diamonds ka pae'āina i na luna 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana. No ka laʻana, ka mea hiki ole ke hana me kaʻeli o ka paakiki pōhaku, aniani aaioee, metala a me ka pohaku.

Ua ua olelo mai ia i ka mua daimana loaʻa Permian serf keiki o ka umikumamaha, Pasha Popov. A laila,ʻo ia i hōʻike mai iā ia me ka pâkahi, me ke aloha aku oe no ka waiwai loaʻa. Ma ke kaiāulu, e pili ana i ka wai ÿauÿau Vishera River, no ka mea, e pili ana i ke kenekulia o koʻu mau gula. Ka loaʻana i nā mahinaʻai i kapaia o Popovski puʻu a me Chuvalskoe.

Other 'ano o nā minelala hao

Kekahi mau kumu waiwai i loko o ka Perm māhele ana nunui me ke koe, a e mau oi ma mua o kekahi kenekulia. O nā ka peat kumu waiwai, a e like me ka mua 'ā ina koho ana i ka mea o kekahi mau ieeeea? Tons. Peat ua poe mahalo ole wale i wahie akā, i maoli mea hoʻomomona no ka mea kanu.

I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea i ka lepo, one, limestone, gypsum - he mau kumu waiwai i mea waiwai ma ka Perm. Nā minelala hao o ka pae nui. Ka mea, i hoʻomano hoʻohana i kūkulu.