Pituitary: hormones a kuleana pili i. Ke pituitary gland a me kona hana i loko o ke kino

Pituitary (pituitary gland paha malalo appendage lolo) - mea he endocrine hui, i ua Aia ma ke kumu o ka lolo. More manaʻoi, ma ka lalo luna ona, he eke i loko o ka iwi, a ua kapaia ka Turkish noho. Kēia hao i loko o ke kanaka he uuku loa ka nui o ka pili ana i ka pea o ka hoʻopoepoe ho okumu he pāʻumi pela wale 0.5. Akā, mamua ia o ka uuku nui, i ke kūlana o ka hormones i lawe ma ke pituitary gland, Ua alahula mau.

Ke pituitary gland. Hormones a me ka ho'āʻo

He uuku gland o ke poʻo kumu a mea hui, o ko mākou a pau endocrine nenoaiu. Nā hormones i ia produces, he aha ka mea i kēia ke kino:

• nā'ōlelo;
• pūnao;
• ulu.

Launch a me ka pituitary hormones i ia produces, ua pili loa ua hoʻopili. I mea e oi loa noiʻi ana i kēia pukana, noonoo e hoʻomaka ke kūkuluʻana i kēia endocrine gland.

Ke pituitary gland. 'Ole a me ka hana ana o ka pituitary

Ua ninoieo o ekolu papa kuhikuhiE māhele: o ka mua, e kūkulu a me ka waena, a oko i loko o kā lākou mau kumu a me ka 'ole. Ke pituitary gland hoʻomaka e hana i loko o ka embryo ma 4-5 pule o fetal? Acaeoey. Anterior lobe o kona epithelial ili i hanaʻia mai ka hope paia o ku una ha i ka lua, me ka ai-kapaia Rathke ka kieke, me he meaʻuʻuku elongated outgrowth. Ma embryonic kūpono 'ana, ka mea ulu ma ke ala e hiki aku o ka diencephalon.

Posterior lobe i hana iki ma hope ma mua o ka mua o ka diencephalon ko mākou hopohopo'aʻaʻa, ma kēia mau'āpana, a hui. Nō hope i hana, a me ka waena lobe o ka pituitary. Ua ninoieo o ka lahilahi ahu iho la ka keena. A pau ekolu pituitary meaʻano nui kaawale secretory glands, a me kela mea keia mea o ia produces kona mau hormones. Ke pituitary gland (hormones a me ka papa) i ka hapa nui i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa endocrine'ōnaehana kanaka.

Prehypophysis

Keia hapa ua kapaia ka adenohypophysis a me ka bulk o ka prostate (70%). Ua ninoieo o nāʻano likeʻole o endocrine gland keena. Kēlā me kēiaʻano o ka halepaahao e produces kona kaʻana like 'ana o ka hōmona. Mau endocrine aeee kapa adenocytes. Aia he mau ke ano o ka adenocytes: chromophilic a me ka chromophobe, ka poe a me nā hormones i synthesized:

• Thyroid noho haumāna kahi hōmona (TSH) - kuleana no ka secretory hana o ka thyroid gland.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - stimulates ka adrenal cortex.
• Gonadotropic hormones, i nā follicle noho haumāna kahi a me ka luteinizing hormones (FSH, LH), kuleana no ka reproductive kuleana pili i.
• Ulu hōmona (GH) - kuleana no ka ulu, ka mea stimulates decomposition o ke kaikea, kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala ma na keena, a me ka ho okumu ana o monakō koko.
• Luteotrophic hōmona a prolactin, i regulates ka pii malama no ka hua, lactation, pūnao a me ka ulu ana keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Pituitary hormones - kā lākou physiological kūlana ma ke kanaka kino He mea nui kēia.

somatotropin

Ulu hōmona (a HGH) ua hua mai 'aʻole i paʻa hoolei ia hana wale 3-4 manawa i ka lā. Kona secretion, piʻi pū markedly i ka hiamoe, me ka kaumaha physical exertion, a ka manawa e hookeai ana au. ? Ac? O keia hōmona ua mālama 'ia ma ke kanaka ka ola, akā, ua nui hoemi me ka elemakule. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka ulu ana hōmona i loko o na keena pili mai i ka momona, a me nā carbohydrates. E like me ka hopena, ma lalo o ka aoao o somatomedins hua mai i loko o ke akepaa, mahuahua aeea mahele a me ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala, pela iwi ulu ia lŘlŘ.

Inā ka hoʻololi kemikala o ka ulu hōmona, no ka mea kumu, Ua lawa, ka mea e hoʻomōhala ana i dwarfism. Ma ke aha ka huliāmahi a pau i waihonakala kino, kino, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO maʻamau. Ke'ī mai, ke ole o ka pituitary gland pono e loli ai i ka kiʻekiʻe o ke kanaka.

Excessive secretion o ka ulu hōmona ke kumu gigantism. Inā hypersecretion ia lŘlŘ ma ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi, e waiho waho a pau huliāmahi o ke kino, a ma ka adulthood hoʻokāʻoi? Iecaianoaaiiuo ia ke kumu no acromegaly. Eia kahi mea akaka disproportionate hooloihiia mai lala, mahuahua ka ihu a me ka chin, e like me ka 'ōlelo a me nā mea a pau digestive nā loko.

Thyroid noho haumāna kahi hōmona (TSH)

Kēia hōmona regulates ka ha awina o ka thyroid gland. Ma lalo o kona keiki, he mea secretion o triiodothyronine a me ka thyroxine. Ua haʻalele no ka'ūhū adenylate cyclase, i loli ai ka uptake o iodine ka thyroid keena. Eia kekahi, ma lalo o ka hana o ka TSH ua hana kumuʻiʻo pūnao: a mahuahua nui? Iecaianoaaiiuo o nukeleaʻakika a me ka kumuʻiʻo hoʻololi kemikala, ulu Hoʻonui i ke a mahuahua nui o ka thyroid keena.

Hoʻololi kemikala TTG hiki ke ulu ma lalo o ka aoao o ke anuanu. Ke anu naoh maoli he ke? Iecaianoaaiiie o thyroid hormones, e hiki aku ai i ka ho okumu nui o ke kino wela. Glucocorticoids hiki inhibit? Iecaianoaaiiie o TSH, ka mea hana ma lalo o ka aoao o ka anesthesia, eha naoh a eha.

Excessive secretion o TSH ua hoikeia lapaʻau symptoms o hyperthyroidism (hyperthyroidism).

Adenokortikotropny hōmona

ACTH ua synthesized kōā kaulike ma ka lā. Ka mea kiekie loa lehulehu i loko o ke kakahiaka mai 6,00 a 8,00 hola, i ka palena iki - i loko o ke ahiahi mai ka 18,00 a hiki i 23,00. ACTH regulates ka hoʻololi kemikala o corticosteroids, a i kuu ma keena o adrenal cortex. Ke secretion o corticosteroids maoli i loko o nā wahi 'ehaʻeha o Hawaii e like me ka makau, huhu, maʻi stress. Penei, ACTH pono e loli ai i ka mea naʻau koena kanaka. Pela no ACTH hoʻololi kemikala ua hoʻokāʻoi ma reactions ikaika o ke anu a me ka eha, loa physical stress. Hypoglycemia kekahi stimulates ACTH? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Excessive secretion o keia hōmona i e ka pituitary adenoma, ua kapaʻia ka maʻi pituitary Cushing ka. Kona hoike ana i: hypertension, obesity, a me kino momona accumulates ma luna o ke kino a me ka maka, a me na lala i maʻamau, mahuahua i ka lehulehu o ke kō i loko o ke koko, ua hoʻemi'ōnaehana paleʻea malu.

Lawa? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka ACTH hiki aku ai i ka emi i loko o ka hoʻololi kemikala o glucocorticoids a me keia, ma ka huli, ua kaheaia pūnao, a ua hoʻemi ahonui 'aʻe' meaola i? Aneie ololi.

gonadotrophin

Ka mea, ke hoʻoponopono i ka hana o na gonads o nā wāhine a me nā kānaka. No laila, follikulotropin wahine stimulates ke kahua o follicles i loko o nā ovaries. Ke kane hapalua o ka malu keiki ma prostate ulu a me ka spermatogenesis (ho okumu o sperm).

Lyuteoptropin regulates ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o androgens - kane hormones (testosterone, androstenedione, a pela aku.) A estrogen - (. Estriol, estradiol, a me kekahi poe e ae) wahine hormones.

Pela, ke pituitary gland a me kona hormones i komo i loko o ka hana o ka aneane pau nā loko.

Posterior lobe o ka pituitary gland

ua kapaia Posterior lobe o ka pituitary neurohypophysis, ka mea, ua haku o ka epidermal keena, i kapa pituitary keena. Neurohypophysis, e like me ka anterior pituitary produces hormones. Hormones o ka posterior pituitary:

• oxytocin;
• vasopressin;
• asparototsin;
• vasotocin;
• glumitotsin;
• valitotsin;
• izototsin;
• mezototsin.

A pau kēia mau hormones hana lākou kekahi 'oihana i loko o ke kanaka kino. E ka kamailio e pili ana i kekahi o ia mau mea kaawale.

oxytocin

No ka laʻana, ka hōmona oxytocin e loli ai i ka uterine nāʻiʻo i hānau. Ma ka ili o ka halepaahao membranes i hana receptors ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka oxytocin. Ma hāpai keiki, keia hōmona aole i mahuahua i ke kiʻekiʻe i hiki i uterine contractions. Iki ma mua hanau ana ia lakou iho ma lalo o ka aoao o ka wahine hōmona estrogen maoli ka pā lonoaʻili e oxytocin a me ka nahunahu hanau ana. Ua i hiki aku ai i ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o ka myoepithelial aeee i laina i ka mammary gland e stimulates ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka waiū.

Ka hopena o ka oxytocin ma luna o ka mea kane kino e poorly maopopo. Ua Ua manaoio ia ia mea hiki ke ho ololi i ka hana o ka intestinal pa, pancreas a me ka bladder.

Vasopressin (ADH)

Vasopressin (i kapaʻia antidiuretic hōmona - ADH) hanaʻia mau hana i loko o ke kino. Ua he antidiuretic hana, a laila hoʻokāʻoi aʻe ana i ka wai reabsorption i loko o kaʻohiʻana ducts o nā puʻupaʻa, a, ma ka hou, ka mea e loli ai ka arteriolar ala apuupuu musculature (moku ke olonā i ke koko e holo ana mai ka arteries), a laila He hiki ke mālama i kā lākou lumen. Ke physiological lehulehu o keia hana, aole ia e i ka nui ia ma luna o ka meaola, a, ma ka pharmacological nā māhele wā lawelawe ADH kalaka nui-maemae palapala arterioles nunui hou, i ke kumu no ka hoomahuahua i ka puʻe.

Penei, posterior pituitary hormones ka wā e hiki iā i lawa kūpono 'ana o ke mimikō insipidus (antidiuretic hana) i a ka lā i ke nalowale i 15 nā lika o ka wai (mimi auaiaea pu) e. Keia poho pono e mau a hoʻopiha nō. People me ka mimikō insipidus eʻike piʻi ikaika makewai.

Ka waena lobe o ka pituitary

Kahi 'kaʻana like' ana i produces he helu o hormones, no kekahi laʻana, mau nā melanostimuliruyuschy hōmona, i mea kuleana no ka ili a me ka lauoho waihoʻoluʻu. Ma lalo o kona keiki i hana i ka pigment melanin, a Radio he nui kūlana ma ka poʻe o nā hui pili koko ano pono'ī.

Meaning o pituitary hormones

Pituitary (hormones a me kona oihana i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna) hana pu me ka hypothalamus (Oihana o diencephalon), oi kaʻoi loa, kona neurosecretory nuclei. Together ka mea, nāna i hana i ka hypothalamo-pituitary kahua. Ua hoʻi i ka hana o nā mea a pau i kaʻike ākea endocrine glands. 'Aʻe' ana o pituitary hana (hormonal kāna hana) hiki aku ai i ka mea hopena. Mau pilikia 'ole endocrinologist.

Ke pituitary gland a me kona hana i loko o ke kino i mea nui. Ka mea, ho oholo i ka pono hana o nā mea a pau nā loko, a nenoai.

Maʻi a me ka Pathology

Ka wā pilikia ana i loko o ia ka mea uuku endocrine gland o ka pituitary hōmona a me kona oihana mai i ka hana pono, a ma ka mea kanaka kino ke hoʻomōhala maʻi nui:

• acromegaly;
• gigantism;
• mimikō insipidus;
• pituitary hypothyroidism paha hyperthyroidism;
• pituitary hypogonadism;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• pituitary dwarfism;
• Cushing ka maʻi;
• Sheehan ka maʻi pale.

Ua maʻi ke'ākoʻakoʻa ina ka pituitary gland ua ole synthesized ka hōmona, a he mau, paha, ma ka mea ku ole, i ke koko kahe nui loa o lakou. Launch a me ka pituitary hormones no ke kino, ua nui. Lākou 'aʻe' hiki i keʻano o nā pathologies e koi i ka hoʻokokoke nui a me ka pinepine koi hōmona Inc.