Pōkole Kawaihae o Nikitina Ivana Savvicha a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo mai i kona ola no ka poe mamo

Ivan Nikitin, nona Kawaihae meaʻano hoihoi mai kânaka o keia hohonu poetry - Russian mua haku mele o ka 19th kenekulia. Kana hana maopopo wehewehe i ka uhane o ka mea mamao manawa.

Nikitin Ivan Savvich: Kawaihae no kao

Ivan Savich i hānau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Voronezh, Okatoba 3, 1824 ma ka ohana o ka waiwai tradesman i kālepa ihoiho. Iʻike heluhelu aʻo ma o ka hoalauna, he cobbler, heluhelu i kekahi keiki i ka hailona, a aloha i loko o ke ano maoli, o ka ke kuʻikahi, a me i manao mai ka hanau ana. I ka makahiki o ka ewalu ia i komo aku i ke Kulanui 'o, alaila, hoomau i kona mau haʻawina ma seminarii.Vnezapnoe pau o nā haʻawina alakaʻi a hiki i ka make ana o kona makua kāne, i kona ona manao no ka waiʻona a me ka make o kona makuwahine, i puʻe wale akula kēlā i ke kanaka'ōpiopio, e mālama ana i wae. Ivan kipaku no ka mea, o ka mea pinepine kaawale i loko o ka lumi papa a me ka hune e piʻi like, lilo iho la oia i ka makua kāne, e hana i loko o ke kukui shop, a laila, pu me ke kukui hola i kūʻai liloʻia aku no ka aie, a me ke kala Kuai kekahi ramshackle hale hookipa.

pilikia i

Kawaihae Nikitin, ka mea i hana ma ka hale kipa me he janitor, wehewehe i kona monotonous ola pilikia. Akā, ma ka naʻe o ka noho pilikia ana nei, i ke kanaka opiopio i ole iho ma ka uhane, ma kela noa minuke i ho'āʻo i ka heluhelu puke, kākau poetry, e noi mai ana i kona naau. Poetic laina Ivan hoʻomaka kākau ma ke Kulanui 'o, e kakau i ko lakou mau puke i haku ai hoʻoholo ihola e haawi wale i ka MH 1853. Ka paʻi o ko lākou wahi i loko o ka "Voronezh mokuna kūkala nūhou" ka wā i 29 makahiki kahiko i ke kanaka'ōpiopio. mea kākau o ka hana i mānewanewa kanikau a ua hele mai ka lima a he lima, hoomaka ae la e e pai ia ia ma "Notes o ka Fatherland", "Library no Reading". Haku mele-nugget aloha mai ka wā kamaliʻi 'ano a me ka hoolea ana i kona nani, - Nikitin Ivan Savich. Pōkole Kawaihae no ka keiki? Aaeaao i kona hiki e haha aku i ke ao nei, oli maalea malu o kikokiko. He ua hiki i kekahi wale mapuna o ka peni me ka ulu, a eo sensitively wehewehe i ke ao nei a puni mākou. Ivan Nikitin, kona Kawaihae wehewehe i kona oiaio ke aloha o ke 'ano i loko o nā hana hoʻohanohano iā ia iho me he loea panorama pena.

Aloha no na kanaka - kekahi o na kumu nui Halaman i loko o nā hana

Pōkole Kawaihae Ivana Nikitina no na keiki i kāna moʻolelo o ka mea i nui wahi i loko o ka haku mele ka maoli uuku au no kona poe kanaka, a hele i kona mau pilikia ma o kona naau iho, lawe i ka poem i Hōʻike 'i ke ola o ka maʻamau makaainana ( "Wahine coachman", "Plowman", "Mother a ke kaikamahine "," ke kanaka ilihune "," Street halawai "). Ka mea, maopopo kāheaʻia hohonu oiaio ke aloha no kona poe kanaka, me kona mahana walohia no ka paakiki ola, a me ka makemake loa i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i kona wahi. I ka Ia manawa Nikitin i ole idealize na kanaka, e nana ana ia ia me ka noho malie makaukau, unuhi aku la ia ia kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻaʻole huna i kaʻaoʻao pouli a me ka hopena maikaʻi kāna moʻolelo o ka aina ano: he ohana despotism, brutality ( "poho", "paakiki Makua", "E puunaue i"). Nikitin ma o ka piha ano o ka olelo i ke kulanakauhale poe i noho, oiai e hele ana i loko o ka wahi o Voronezh, akā, noho ihola i loko o ka pae aina o ka mea waiwai, i loko o kēia kūlanakauhale, i loko o ka hale o ke kua'āina o uaʻaʻole ma mua, a mai i haha aku ke ola i ka awelika kanaka. Ka mea no ka delineation o nā kūlana ola o ano o kanaka Nikitin loaa ma cabbies ka poe i noho ma kona hale hookipa, a me ka poe i hele mai i Voronezh kauwa. Eia naʻe, Ivan Savich, ka mea i kekahi hoʻokau 'ana ma o ka ka mālamaʻana ola kanaka ka o, no ia mea, hiki ole e loa hulina HW he palahalaha kiʻi o ke ola ana o na kanaka, akā, e huli mai, e haawi wale fragmentary ike.

Ivan Nikitin: he manawa pōkole Kawaihae o ka haku mele-nugget

Manawa ma ka hana o Nikitina N. I. ka lua (nä känaka 'epekema-ethnographer) hoʻolauna pū aku i ka pōʻai o kaiakū ka pilina, wahahee ma Kauna D. Tolstoy, ka mea i paʻiʻia poem o ka haku mele i loko o "Moskvityanin" a ua hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o St. Petersburg, i kona ohi mua o kuokoa Edition (1856). Ivan Nikitin, no ka poe mamo nona Kawaihae i kāna moʻolelo o ka haku mele i ka ulu hiʻona i ka manawa, nō noho paakiki. Makua soundly ona, aole nae PilinaʻOhana hou iki; Kāu Mau Koho Paʻamau o ka hale kipa mea,ʻaʻole no laila, naau kanaka opiopio e neʻe aku i loko o ka kaiapili o akamai kanaka me ka manao pono manaʻo iā ia. Eia hou, e like me ia i ho'ākāka 'Kawaihae Nikitin hoʻomaka e lanakila i ka maʻi. I ke kauwela o 1855, oia Paa iho la ia i ka anu ana o 'Amelika, nui hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia, a i ole kiʻi mai o kona wahi moe. Ma ia mau paʻakikī minute e hele mai i ke kōkua o kona manaoio, a ua paipaiʻia keʻano o nā poem a me kaʻoihana Halaman.

Haipule motifs ma poetry Nikitin

Ka theme like o kanaka manaoio holo ma nā mea a pau i ka poetry Ivana Nikitina: "Ke Kauoha hou", "Prayer," "kaʻono o ka pule", "eha nui i loko o ka Garden". Ka ike ana i ka lokomaikai ho'āno i loko o na mea a pau, lilo ae Nikitin ka loa soulful mea hoolea ana i ke ano maoli ( "Morning", "Hao ke i loko o ka wao nahele," "Hui i ka hooilo") a me ka waiwai Lūkini poetry o ka helu nui o pastoral poetry masterpieces. Ivan Nikitin ma poem i kākau 'oi ma mua o eono kakini nui mele a me nā Romance. I nā makahiki 1854-1856 i ka haku mele hana ma luna o kona iho-ka hoʻonaʻauao, oia aʻo 'ōlelo Palani' ōlelo a me ka heluhelu i ka hailona. Ma hope iho o ka hele ana o Voronezh i ka 1857 Vtorov, a lilo ia i pili hoa, e like me ma hope o ka'opi o ka vtorovskogo Mug haku mele aching ke hākilo loa i manao ai i ka brunt o ka 'ohana a me ke ola kulana, pessimistic naʻau i loko hopu ia ia me ka oi aku poe ikaika no lakou.

Poʻokela Ivan Nikitin

I ka makahiki 1858, ua paʻi i ka lōʻihi poem Nikitina "lima", vividly hōʻike no ka philistinism, sympathetically loaa mai ma ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a ua pomaikai me ka lehulehu. Holo ana o na hana a kuai lilo aku i emi ma mua o ka makahiki, e lawe mai ana i ka maikai liʻiliʻi iā haku mele. Ma naʻe o ka mea ola ana a me ka naau naʻau i loko, Nikitin hana mau i loko o nā makahiki 1857-1858 i ka pono kanaka hoʻoponopono i ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo, mai kahi'ē, heluhelu Shakespeare, Cooper, Goethe, Hugo, ke Chenier. Nō hoʻi au i hoomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina Kelemānia, unuhi Heine a me Schiller. He hana i loko o "Notes o ka Fatherland" i loko o nā makahiki 1857-1858, "Lūkini kamaʻilio." Royalties mai o ka puke o poem, na makauliʻi no kekahi mau makahiki, a me ka hoaie o 3,000 rubles mai VA Kokoreva ae ia ia i ka 1859, e kuai i ka poʻokela, a ua lilo ia i punahele halawai wahi no ka noho ana o ke kulanakauhale, he ano o ka palapala, ai ka laau palau. Next - hou manaolana a me ka manao o ka makakū impulse, he hou ohi o poem, halawai mai la me kekahi me, akā, no ka nui koa koke ana ma luna o ka wane.

Ka hope makahiki o ka haku mele ka ola

Kawaihae Nikitin ua loa paʻakikī: ka haku mele ua mau mai, pakahi aku la ia huʻi i ka 1859. Kona ola kino ua mau koho 'ē aʻe, i auou caiaiai he pōkole hana ma ka lōʻihi mea hōʻemi. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 1860 Nikitin hana paakiki, mai kona peni i hele mai i ka hana o ka "Diary seminarian", kākau i loko o Ana Aina. I ka 1861 kipa ia St. Petersburg, a Moscow, i loko o ka kūloko moʻomeheu hana 'ana i loko o ke kahua o ke kaiāuluʻike heluhelu i loko o Voronezh, e like me ia ma ka paa o Sunday kula.

Ma May 1861 i ka haku mele hopu i ka ino anu, a kena ae la i ka aggravation o tuberculosis. Okatoba 28, 1861, ua make o tuberculosis Nikitin Ivan Savich. Kawaihae no ka keiki mea hana hoihoi i loko o ka mea ana no ka pōkole ola o ka haku mele i palapala e pili ana i nani poem elua haneri, poem ekolu a me ka moʻolelo. He He 37 makahiki. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma ka pā ilina New Mitrophanievskoye e hiki mai ana i ka Koltsov.

Na makana Ivan Nikitin ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo

Life a me Kawaihae Ivana Nikitina maopopo Neʻe i kana hana, ma o ka haku mele makemake e e ano o ko lākou ola, maopopo i ka hāʻule pohō wale o kona ola iho, a poino nui, mai ka OOAaAeAa o loaʻa ia e hoohalike ai o ka lanakila; He loaʻa solace ma ka 'ano a me ka hoomana ana, e hoolaulea ia ma ka manawa me ke ola. Ma ka hana o Nikitin nui autobiographical nā kumumea me ka maʻamau nanahe o ke kaumaha, ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha, kena ae la ia e ka ia a kaʻina hana protracted maʻi. Ke kumu o ka nagging ke kaumaha he wale kino maikaʻiʻole nō ia ole, akā, i ka puni ola me kanaka ehaeha, ka nohona Akä naÿe no, ikaika hana keaka. Kawaihae Nikitin a me keia la e hoihoi i loko o ka hanauna kaikaina, ka mea i makemake e haha aku i ka uhane o ka makahiki i hala, a ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ma ka olelo a ka haku mele, e hoopa mai ia ia. Hana Hou Ivan Savich e kū ana i ka nui helu o ka lehulehu ākea, a heleleʻi i loko o ka helu i ka nui.