Polymerase kaula naoh a me kona 'ano a me ka laulā o

Polymerase kaula naoh (PCR) - he ano o hakakino kālaimeaola, e leie aku e huai ae i liluwelo mea dala uuku o deoxyribonucleicʻakika (DNA), a he oiaio, ua, kekahi o kona koena ai, a me ka hoonui ia i na manawa he. A laila, ka mea i hōʻike 'visually ma ka tuko pīlali electrophoresis. Ke naoh? Ac? Ia ma 1983 ma K. Mullis, a me loko o ka papa inoa o ka poʻokela discoveries o nā makahiki.

He aha nō ka maomeka PCR

Ka a pau ke kaʻina hana no ka muli i ka hiki ana o nukelea nāʻakika i ka pakiko-replicate, i loko o keia hihia paʻa artificially i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. DNA replication hiki ole hoʻomaka i kekahi māhele o ka lātoma, akā, wale ma wahi me ka kekahi kaʻina o nucleotides - ka hoʻomaka hakina. I mea no ka polymerase kaula naoh i hoʻomaka, ua pono primer (ole DNA probes). Mau mea pōkole koena o ka DNA kaʻina, me ka haawiia mai nucleotide kaʻina. Ka mea, i mea manuahi (a laila, e like me) i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hāpana DNA'āpana.

O ka papa, e ho okumu primers, nä känaka 'epekema pono hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i ke kaʻina o nā nucleotides o ka nukeleaʻakika, a ua komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana. Mau DNA probes hōʻoia i ka specificity o ka naoh a me kona lālā. Polymerase kaula naoh e ole e hele, ina ka hāpana aʻole i loaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi lātoma o ka makemake DNA. I mau, ke naoh pono ka luna primers, he lākou o nā nucleotides, wela hoʻopale DNA polymerase. I ka hope o ka'ūhū - catalytic reactions o ka hoʻololi kemikala o hou nukeleaʻakika nā lātoma ma luna o ka hāpana manawa. A pau o kēia mau waiwai, a me liluwelo mea, i mea e pono e hōʻike DNA e hui i loko o ka läÿau, naoh (pāʻoihana). Ua Ua waiho ia ma ka kūikawā thermostat i hanaʻia kona loa kokololio hahana maoli nō kēia, a anuanu maila i loko o ka hoakaka ia manawa - pōʻaiapuni. Ka mea, e IeAUPIIe, IAa IO 30-50.

Pehea o keia NaI

Ke pā like ana o keia mea ia i kekahi kalapona, i pili i nā primers i ka haʻawina o ka makemake DNA, ma hope i ka mea hele a pāpālua hoʻi ma ka'ūhū. Ma ke kumu o ka kūpono DNA kaula makalii synthesized ma mahope pōʻaiapuni hou, a nui na apana o'ālike nā lātoma.

Polymerase kaula naoh ua kūpono loaʻa hou hahai kona mau kapuwaʻi. Ua wehewehe aku ma mua a pāpālua hoʻi i ka nui o ka huina hoonui i loko o kēlā me kēia pōʻaiapuni o ka hahana maoli nō kēia a me ka huʻihuʻiʻana. Ma ka lua o ka mua o ka naoh ia lŘlŘ deceleration mai ka'ūhū mea pōʻino, ua make, a haalele i hope. Eia hou kekahi, depleted laau o nucleotides a me primers. Ma ka hope ke kahua - ka plateau - nā huahana i hou loaa like reagents no.

Where ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia

Oiaio no, ka mea broadest noi polymerase kaula naoh loaa ma ka lāʻau a me ka 'epekema. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka lehulehu a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana kālaimeaola, kauka holoholona lāʻau lapaʻau, hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka hiki kālaikaiaola. Oiai ka hope e hana i kanaka hoʻoponopono ai ka pono a me ka? Aneie mea. 'Imi hoʻohana polymerase kaula naoh i loko o ka forensic mea e hōʻoia paternity a me ka' ike o ke kanaka ka ano pono'ī. Ma forensic 'epekema, e like me ka paleontology, pinepine keia iaoia o ka wale alanui, no ka mea, mea i hookuu i loaʻa no ka hoʻopaʻa' ana i dala loa uuku o ka DNA. O ka holo ana, ua loaʻa i ka loa i lohe nui ia hana ma o ka hana o ka laau lapaau. He pono ia ia i loko o ia mau wahi i aaiaoe?, Infectious a me ka oncological maʻi.