Popigai lua pele ma Siberia (Hawaii photo)

Ka Honua Ua pinepine ae la oia "kiki" meteor ka ua. Ma hope iho o ka haule ana o ka nui meteor hakina i koe ma luna o ka honua okoa ko läkou '- astrobleme, alahula nui like' ole. Ua hookolokolo epekema ma kahi o 150 nunui "hoku eha," me ka anawaena oscillating ma ka laulā 25-500 kilomika.

Muli o kona kulana he nui asteroid dent mea, noonoo iho la Popigai lua pele, Aia ma luna o ka mokuna o Rusia. Nui loa anawaena ka mea, ua hoalii mai ia ha. Popigai astrobleme - kia o ke ano ma ka planetary pālākiō, i mea ma lalo o UNESCO hoomalu.

Location Popigai lua pele

About 35 miliona makahiki aku nei i loko o Siberia, ma ka akau loa o ka Anabar Kuahene, kahi Yakutia kona palena me ka Irkutsk māhele 'āina, he aina etched monolithic kanaka nunui lani kino i loko o ke kinona o ka paukūʻolokaʻa. Mahaeʻana o ka honua i ka ili ma Popigaj kiaha meteor e waiho i ka nunui hoʻokokoke lua hohonu o 150 mau mika.

Popigai asteroid lua pele, kahi e loaʻa mea he kū hoʻokahi kahua oʻeleʻele diamonds, ninoaaeyao hapa o ka northeastern aouli o Krasnodar māhele. Ka hikinaʻaoʻao o ka dent aole i lalau mai ai i Yakutia. Aʻu i loaʻa i ka pohihihi astroblems anawaena o ka 100 kilomika i ka 1949 MH Kozhevin.

Ka 'ole o ka lua Popigai

Popigai astrobleme - heʻano nui apo 'ole. He he huihui 'ana o nā apo, a me nā'ololaha. Kēia "Star eha," nana e like me ka hoʻopoepoe kaumaha. funnel kīnā i ka hohonu o 200-400 mika. Kona lilo o ka makahiki ua hapa 'ia' piha me ka quaternary one a me kona iliili.

Ke pā ke komo lima o ke funnel kīnā i ka laula o 20-25 kilomika. Kona papa haku o sedimentary pōhaku. Ka mea, waiho wale aku no loa deformation mai ana ka centrifugal hou, a kahahānai fractures me ka nui ikaika hawewe displacements.

Ke anawaena o ka loko o ke funnel - 45 kilomika. Ua Ua hana ia e ho'āla i ke apo no ka ihu a me ko läkou 'o ka percussion. Ua hiki ke ike i ka make a me ka aniani inclusions. Ua hana ka ikaika manoanoa, ahu iho o ke kāpili ma luna-me ka waiwai.

Popigai lua pele Yakutia mai i kāna mau 'ōlelo, ahu iho pelupelu ia impactites. Kona mānoanoa mea e pili ana i mau kilomika. Friable mea o kekahi mau nui popo palaoa a me ke koena ai hana allogeneic breccias me ka mana o ka 150 mau mika. Impactites i hana aniani, fused gneiss a me nā minelala hao.

Meteor nahae puʻe pu ma ka epicenter 105 pascals a me ka wela ma kahi o 2000 ⁰ C. kēia kūpono i ka mea i maule iho gneiss i ke kinowai moku'āina. Ke hoʻoneʻe nuipa, hohola radially ma kiʻekiʻe wikiwiki, ke komo lima o nā hale hana. Ka pukaʻana, mai ka piko mai o jets a me nā kahawai, ua hoalaala ia mea, me ka lalo o ka funnel.

Incredibly ikaika hopena o ka asteroid ma ka honua alakai aku ai i ke kahua o ke kikowaena uplift. A laila, haanou ana, a mahuahua nui ma ka 'oni' a lua pele e hoopiha mai ana i hanaia, a me ka laholio hoʻi max Ua lawa.

hiʻona astrobleme

Ka wahi a puni o ka lua Popigaiʻaneʻane i paʻapū i. Ma ka Koro astrobleme mea he uuku kulanakauhale o ka ia inoa - Popigaj. Aia mea nō,ʻaʻole ulu laau, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i i puakai na puu ia no he iwakalua makahiki ma hope o ka cessation o ka hoʻouku.

Kahi paaa placers i hoʻopuehuʻia underfoot, e like one. Kahi I hapa 'ia' Mapa pōhaku. Ke kumu no keia - ka neʻeʻana o ka i-ia papa. Ma waena o calcareous'ōpala hoʻi i hanaʻia hohonu cavities.

A laila, loaʻa he kohu kūpono wai lako. Aquifers hana ana ma ka hohonu o ka hoʻokahi mika. Water ke kūpaleʻana i loko o ka cavities, ka paipai 'ana i ka "' enehana hou" papa. Popigai meteorite lua pele - he wahi kahi i ka lepo i loaʻa i loko o probing ka ʻume mākenēki anomaly. Ala paha, ma laila ia lŘlŘ ka oka a pau o ka hao-i loaʻa 'ona.

Ke Kuhiakau "Great Makuakane"

I ka 1970, na nä känaka 'epekema, ka nānā' ana ma luna o haʻawina o ke kapa ole pōhaku, sediments a i loaa ia hopena heheʻe a me ka palaoa, wänana i astrobleme meteoric kumu. E like me ka noiʻi, ka cosmic kino hekili i loko o ka'āina Siberian i loko o ka makahiki o Eocene-Oligocene ia'na hanana. "Great Makuakane" mai ai ka poʻe me ka ho okumu astrobleme.

Crater - i ke kumu o nukelea ka hooilo

ʻepekema i ua hoʻopili i nā holoholona kai papakaukau me ka haule ana o ka meteorite. Lakou manaoio i ka haule lani kino i ke kumu o ka make ana o ka niho o'ō koholā, ka pūpū a me ka kai urchins ma mua o climatic ana. I asteroid - i ka papa kuhikuhiE hōʻeleu o keia io kŰia ma ka ano. Kona haule ana, kena ae la i kekahi nukelea hooilo, a make holoholona.

ʻalo a me ka honua, e hāʻawi pio ka nui kahua kino, e kau aku i na (particles) i loko o ka lewa. Map lewa mai na (particles) hele aku ai a hiki i ka global ka huʻihuʻiʻana. Epekema ua kālailai isotopes o ka oxygen, kalapona, a me nā kumu mua aha na¯-Eocene pōhaku, a ua loaʻa i ka wā originated Popigai lua pele ma Siberia, ua he abrupt loli o climatic ana. Ke aniau o ka wai a me ka mahana, ua maloʻo a me ka anu.

ʻepekema haʻawina Ua hoopaa ia ka cosmic hookui hookahe koko ana hanaia instantaneous pele o ka moku (particles) o ka luaipele. Ka mea hoopilikia i ka lewa, kila reflectors o ka malamalama a me ka wela. Loli ma ka aniau ua alakai aku i ka ona hopena - ka nalowale ana o na mea he nui laha 'o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu.

'Ā ina haʻawina o ka lua

Ma hope o kaʻimiʻana Popigai lua pele i ka paena o ka ʻimi loa i ka lewa hana. Kanaka hulihonua ua loaʻa ma laila he mau nui daimana waiho. Ke kahua "Rock" ia lŘlŘ 140, a ma "kuia ke" - 7 milliardov carats.

Diamonds 'aneʻi nō i ka hopena o ka pōkole waiū i loa kiʻekiʻe ana wela a me ka malihini ma ka lanahu hoʻokomo kālā a me ka graphite. Diamond i loaʻa i loko oʻalā pōhaku, e haawi mai i ka kū hoʻokahi inoa - Yakutia.

A hiki i 2012, 'ike e pili ana i Black Diamond ia i hōʻike. Koke ma hope o ka loaʻa o ka hoʻokomo kālā o ka 'ike e pili ana ia hoʻolaha like malu, a me ka hoʻopaʻa' ana i loaʻa i ke daimana placer hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Mau loea, manaʻo mea nui e pono e hoʻomau 'ana i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kemikala diamonds ma mua o ka paukū a me nā kaʻina maoli na pohaku. Eia hou kekahi, kanaka hulihonua olelo e pili ana iʻeleʻele daimana e like keia: i nā pōhaku, a i ke kaumaha-hana, i ole e pono no ka jewelery aaioee, ka mea, ua maikaʻi no ka sanding hana.

Kanaka hulihonuaʻimi ana Popigai lua pele hoʻoili ma ka pōhakuʻeli. Ua wehe 'Eia kekahi laʻana, mai ka punawai a hiki i ka hohonu o 1,7 kilomika. Currently, i loko o ka wahi o ka haalele kauhale Lighthouse ma kahi o hoʻokahi tausani na tona o ka Korata: hoʻopuehuʻia ma luna o ka honua.

huakaʻi 2013

Ka ukupanee i loko o ka daimana placers astrobleme Popigaj ola ae la ia nei. I ka 2013, i hoouna aku ai i ka lua pele i ka huakaʻi. Ua lilo nā hopena o hou haʻawina i ka waiʻona ma. Time] ua paipaiʻia kānakaʻepekema i ka manaoio i ka Russian Hui mea hiki ke derail i ka global daimana market.

Ka manaʻolana 'ia no ka daimana hoʻokomo kālā Popigaj

I loko nō o ka lehulehu o ka daimana placers, hoʻouku koe he nui nīnau. Ina waiwai i loko o diamonds hoʻopuehuʻia literally ma na wawae, Popigai lua pele kiʻi i i i mai kekahi pana pua, paka ia, e huli mai, ia mea nō,ʻaʻole hoʻokele waiwai hiki.

Ma ka kekahi lima, aole hoi he pono e kau mines, pāpaʻu hoʻokomo kālā hoopuniʻeli mīkini hoʻeliʻeli. Ma ka 'ē aʻe - kā lākou hoʻouku derail ole wale i ka global kuai o hanalima diamonds, akā, i ka hoʻokele waiwai Lūkini, no hoi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, Rusia - ka ikaika loa i poʻokela 'i loko o ka daimana market.

Mai Mai wikiwiki me kaʻeleʻele daimana hoʻouku kekahi, no kā lākou mau placers, ua nui loa, mai ke alanui, ka mea, i ole lako me ka uila, o ka hana e loaʻa i ka hana i loko o hoʻohalahala hana kūpono. Hanalima aeuiiai ieaia? E hoopai nunui waihona kālā.

Mauʻalā pele, waiwai i loko o diamonds, no laila paakiki i ka mea hiki ole lawelawe okioki ana i na mea paahana. No ka pōʻalo o ka pohaku pono kū hoʻokahi, ke ike loea a me ka pono, anamanaʻo hana, keʻena hoʻokolohua ho okolohua.

Mau, ao ke ano i kaumaha kālā a me kaʻaha hui pilikia, a ua pio e hoʻopau pono ole daimana hoʻouku. Akā, hiki ina e lilo ka nohoaliʻi o ka ka puka waiwai o ka hoʻouku, i ka mea i na pohaku kiʻi. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he ao kia Popigaj hoomaluia e UNESCO.