Proton nuipa

Once ka mea i manaoio aku i ka mea uuku pa alima o ka 'ole o kekahi waiwai - he lātoma. A laila, i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole Ua nui mana microscopes, na kanaka a kahaha ko oukou naau i ka hōʻike manaʻo'Ātoma - hakakino lua (particles). Ka mea, he makemake i ka nui emi? Ia manawa, a ma hope ka mea hōʻike ia'Ātoma ma ka huli ninoieo o liʻiliʻi hehee wale.

I ke kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia Pelekāne physicist Rutherford Ernest wehe i loko o ke alo o'ātoma nuclei - ka Central nā hale, i koke ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka succession o discoveries pau ole, e pili ana i ka mall hehee ai o ka uuku pa alima o ka mea.

I ka lā, ma muli o ka nukelea kumu hoʻohālike o 'ātoma 'ole , a me ka hoʻopiʻi i ka haʻawina lehulehu, ka mea, ua ike ia ka'Ātoma ninoieo o ka nucleus, a ua hoʻopuniʻia e ka huina'ine ao. I ka haku mele 'ana o ia ka "ao" - electrons a haʻahaʻa (particles) me ka io kauoha. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka Kora naʻEsau, i ka mea ku ole, maupaʻa (particles) me ka uila maikaʻi ke kauoha a loaa protons inoa. Kela manawa, i haiia ae maluna, o ka physicist Pelekāne, ua hiki i ka malama a me ka a laila e wehewehe i kēia kŰia. I ka 1919, oia hana i ka hoʻokolohua, a oia ma ka mea e, alpha (particles) kikeke ana hydrogen nuclei o na nuclei o nā kumu mua. Penei, he mea hiki, e imi mai, a maopopo i na protons - ole wale i ka nucleus o ka hydrogen'Ātoma me ka hookahi huina'ine. Ma kēia ke kālaikūlohea protons i hōʻikeʻia ka hōʻailona pa a me ka pa + (a 'o ia hoʻi ka maikaʻi kauoha).

Proton ma Greek kumu e "ka nui mua" - he kula haʻahaʻaa huna, me ka pili ana i ka papa o baryons, oa kŘpa a kaumaha kula haʻahaʻaa (particles). Ho i ka pilina paʻa 'ole, kona wa e ola ana ka oi ma mua o 2,9 m 10 (29) makahiki.

Pololei olelo ana, ma ka hou ana i ka proton, ka'ātoma nucleus i kekahi mau neutrons, a, ma muli i ka inoa, neutrally hoopiiia. Ua o kēia mau kumu i kapaʻia nucleons.

Ka nuipa a ka proton, ma ka mana o ka maopopo ana, he lōʻihi manawa hiki ole ke anaia. Ano, ua ike ia ia mea

mp = 1,67262 ∙ 10-27 kg.

Ua'ōlelo mai nana a me ka hoʻomaha nuipa o ka proton.

Mākou e noonoo i ka hana i ho'ākāka 'wahi no kekahi ka hoʻomaopopo' ana proton nuipa a ke kālaikūlohea.

Ka nuipa a (particles) i loko o ka nukelea ke kālaikūlohea pinepine i he okoa hoomaopopo, ia mea he pa alima o ke ana amu

Amu -'ātoma nuipa pa alima. kekahi amu like me 1/12 o ka nui o ke kalapona'Ātoma, i mea like me ka nui helu o ka 12. Nolaila, 1'ātoma nuipa a pa alima mea like i 1,66057 · 10-27 kg.

proton nuipa a, nolaila, penei:

mp = 1,007276 like hoʻi. e ka. m.

Aia o kekahi ala, e hoike i ka hū o ka (particles) ikaika hoopiiia ka hoʻohana kekahi mau huahelu ana. E hana i kēia, mua oe Pono, e lawe no ia i ka equivalence o ka nuipa a me ka ikehu E = mc2. Where e - ka mämä holo o ka malamalama, a me ka m - kino nuipa a.

proton nuipa ma keia hihia, e ke ana i loko o megaelectronvolts a me MeV. Kēia pa alima o ka ana ua hoʻohana 'ia wale nō i loko o ka nukelea ke kālaikūlohea a me ka nukelea a me ka lawelawe' ana i ana i ka ikehu i ka mea e pono ai no ka hoololiia ana o ka huna ma waena o nā heluʻai i loko o ka electrostatic kula. Me ke ano i ka Loaʻaʻia likeʻole ma waena o kēia mau kumu, ua like ia 1 Volt.

Nolaila, haawi mai ia 1 amu = 931,494829533852 MeV proton nuipa a mea o ka hola

mp = 938 MeV.

Kēia hopena i loaa ma ke kumu o ka nuipa a-spectroscopic ana, a i ke kaumaha i loko o ka palapala i loko i ka mea, ua hoikeia mai ma luna, a me ka ua i kapa E nergiey proton koena.

Penei, hoʻomālama ma ka pono o ka hoʻokolohua, i ke kaumaha o ka mea uuku huna hiki ke kaheaia ma ka ekolu okoa cia, i ekoluʻokoʻa naehana.

Eia hou, i ka proton nuipa a hiki ke hoike i pili i ka hū o ka huina'ine, a ua ike ia e nui "ka paʻakikī i" (particles) e ikaika i hoopiiia. Like kaupaona ana me ka ino i ka ho omaulia, a me ka nui hewa i loko o kēia hihia makemake e 1836.152 672 e pili ana i ka huina'ine nuipa a.