Python - He aha ka mea? High-ilikai iaaiey 'ōlelo

Python mea he kiʻekiʻe-ilikai ao 'ōlelo, i hiki ke hoopomaikai io a me ka i loko iho. He, no ka laʻana, mea he lākou o nā palapala noi i kahi mea paahana no ka palapala macros. Pythonʻo ia ka mea i kupono i waeʻia no ka nui iaaiey hana, nui a me ka meaʻuʻuku, a me ka ole i ka pono no ka uuku a Me hana.

Where E au ke hoʻohana 'ia?

Python mea maikaʻi no ka papahana e noi ana kokololio ulu. Ua kākoʻo mau iaaiey paradigms, ka mea pono no ka papahana i noi aku i kohoʻia. A me ke alo o ka ai iiiaanoaa o nā pūʻolo helu a me modules hāʻawi kohoʻia, a hoola manawa.

Guido van Rossum - Python mea nāna i hana,ʻoluʻolu ia nā kumu kāki kaiāulu i ka inoa o "benevolent dictator no ke ola." Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 1980 i ka, Guido makemake hiʻohiʻona o kekahi iaaiey 'ōlelo, akā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna o ia i nā mea a pau i nā hiʻona makemake makemakeʻo ia i ka loaʻa. Ma 'ana, i ka' ōlelo e i ka kēia mau 'ano.

kōmi Language

Ke kōmi'ōkuhi mea he polokalamu i holo'ē aʻe nā papahana. Kōmi 'ōlelo e pono no kokololio kūpono' ana a me ka prototyping, no ka mea, Makuakane pono me ka hoololiia ana o kaʻikepili mai kekahi ke keʻena i kekahi me ka höʻike aku i ka programmer mai kēia pōpilikia mea e like iaiyoe'ōnaehana.

hoʻohana kaiaulu like, e kahea Python hōʻeuʻeu iaaiey 'ōlelo.

Ke indentation no ka Hoʻohui 'ia o nā' ana,

Python Ho'ākāka 'na, ka' aoʻao a pau a hiki i ka ia pūʻulu me ke kōkua o ka nenelu loa. Oia kekahi pūʻulu ua kapaia he kuhi hihia. Ma nā 'ōlelo' ē, ka mea hoʻohana he okoa Ka Mooolelo O a punctuation. No ka laʻana, he hōʻailona C Kû ka hoʻomaka 'hōʻailona, a,} - hope o ke kaʻina kuhikuhi. Ke alo aku o ka indentation ua noʻonoʻo pono me ka hana pono i loko o nā 'ōlelo' ē, akā, i kekahi o ka mea mua i loko o ka a ana o ka indentation ikaika ua hoʻolako, ua Python. He aha e hāʻawi mai ai? Indentʻo kou kuhi maʻalahi e heluhelu, a koi emi kivila ālai 'designations o ko lākou mau kumu a me ka welau, a me ka punctuation kaha, i hiki ke inadvertently hōʻike pū' ana. A pau i kēia hiki aku i ka poʻeʻuʻuku hewa.

Nā 'ano o nā kiʻekiʻe-kaʻilikaiʻikepili

Kamepiula 'ē aʻe hoahuʻikepili i ka huahelu, a' Aʻohe hualoaʻa, akā, pono kanaka e e oi luna 'ano, e like me kikokikona. About 'ōlelo e kākoʻo luna' ikepili, i ka i ana i ka mea kākoʻo i nāʻano a kiʻekiʻe-ʻilikaiʻikepili. Kēia mau 'ano o kaʻikepili mea maʻalahi ka hana. No ka laʻana, ma ka Python laina hiki ke Wāwahi, merge, unuhi ma luna a ma lalo hihia, ka mea hiki ke huli no a me ka 'ole. D. ka kiʻekiʻe-ʻilikaiʻikepiliʻAno e like me ka papa helu a me nā puke wehewehe, i hiki ke waiho waho a me nā ikepili i nui hou functionality, ma mua o nā 'ōlelo' ē.

extensibility

Extensible iaaiey ōlelo hiki ke hou. Kēia mau 'ōlelo' ē, ua nui loa aku kou mana, no ka mea, ka mea e lewa e ia e pono no keʻano o ka palapala noi a me ka pae'ōnaehana nenoai. Hoʻopaneʻei ka palena manawa ke hoʻohui ʻikepiliʻAno paha manaÿo, modules a me plugins. Ke Python ōlelo Ua hoʻonui i loko o kekahi mau aoao. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu o programmers hana ana ma luna o ka mea, hoʻololi a me nā hana hou, a me ka palapala luna haneri o nā modules no kekahi mau hana.

ka hoohalike ana

Hoohalike ana nā 'ōlelo i hoʻokō' ana mai i ke kumu kivila mai i kākauʻia e kānaka, a me nā polokalamu kākau i loko o 'ohi ai' ōlelo e like me C ++, pono e unuhi 'ia i loko o mīkini kuhi. Hoohalike ana nā 'ōlelo i ke kua'āina, no ka unuhi ia lŘlŘ ma luna o ka nalo, akā, i ka palapala, a me ka debugging polokalamu ka wikiwiki, no ka mea, aohe pono e kali i ka pau' ana o ka compiler. Ka mea, e hiki pono, e lawe no i ka paepae aiʻokoʻa.

Kekahi e hoʻopaʻapaʻa wale no paha ka Python hoohalike ana a i 'ohi ai' ōlelo. 'Oiai, ma na aoao mea, ke hana e like me ka hoohalike ana, ma mua ka hana i ke karaima mai ua' ohi ai (me ka Iawa), a me ka nui o kona eiiiiiaiou e holo i piha ka mämä holo o ka mīkini, e like me ka palapala ma ka C.

Guido hoʻomaka kākau Python i ka Christmas icai i ka 1989, a ma ka kekahi makahiki,ʻo ia pau i ka 'ōlelo ma muli o ka manaʻo o ko lākou nā hoapili. Ka lehulehu i ike ai i ka hopena, ma Pepeluali 1991, ka wā āna i waiho i loko o kekahi o nā pūʻulu kūkākūkā wale no nā hālāwai.

Python No ka Beginners

I mea e hoʻomaka kākau papahana ma Python, e pono e onoaiiaea ia. I wale nō o Python 2,7 a me Python 3.5, he mea nui oko ao, ma muli o ia i nā papahana i kākau i loko o ia mau mea, e incompatible.

Ma kamepiula 'ē aʻe, "McIntosh" ka' ōlelo Ua mālama '-hoʻouka kekahi, a me ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mana o ka pae'ōnaehana'ōnaehana makahiki. Ma lalo o Windows hiki i ke hoʻouka Python. Ka mea hoʻonoho AEeAaOA AEIU hiki ke koho ma ka python.org paena.

Mau aoao o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN

Kekahi o na kumu o ka naau kupono, a ua wehewehe aku iaaiey ma Python, ka mea e hele mai me na mea paahana, e kōkuaʻoe hoʻomohala, kākau a me ka debug nā polokalamu.

I ka pä aaeei, e komo kauoha a ma kekahi laina i ka manawa, kokoke i ka ia me ka pae'ōnaehana'ōnaehana (iwi) loaa kauoha mai ke kauoha laina. E hiki no hoi i hana pōkole nunui-polokalamu ole ana i hoopai karaima mai o ka kikokikona waihona a me ka kūkulu-ma ka Python modules. No ka beginners, ka mea, e pono ke ike i ka pä pololei ka loaʻa o ka nui kōkua nenoaiu. Kēia mea he kūpono ala e aʻo i ka 'ōlelo iaaiey hiʻona.

Palaualelo ulu 'ia ka loaʻa o ka pä' ano a me na mea paahana e kākau a me ka holo papa hana, e like me ka inoa o ke ka hoʻokoloʻana nenoaiu. Wednesday ua kākau i loko o Python, a hōʻike i ka nui nā papaha o ka 'ōlelo.

pä? aaeei

Here oe hiki kokoke i kekahi mea e hanaʻia i loko o ka polokalamu ke hana, e kākau multiline kivila. Kēia aaeei hiki e:

• sandbox no ka palekana ho okolohua;
• 'ia, hiki oe i ka noiʻi i iaaiey ma Python;
• paahana no ka loaa a? ee hewa.

E hoʻomanaʻoʻoukou i ka, koe wale komo ka pä pololei i ka mea hiki ole. E hana i kēia, kope i ke karaima, a palapala i nā hualoaʻa ma ka waihona.

Pä aaeei hiki ke hoʻohana i kekahi me ka m'kini helu, manipulate kikokikona a haawi loina i aiaiiuo. E hiki no hoi Import modules, oihana, a me ka māhele o ka papahana, e hoao ia lakou. Ua kōkua i ka hoʻokolohua me Python mea me kākau nā papahana loa a me ka debug nā polokalamu ma ka hoʻokomoʻana māhele kekahi i kekahi manawa.

E hana online no

Ma hope o Python holo i loko o ka maʻi window IeEeAUUXAAaO 'ike e pili ana i kaʻikena? Ia? Aiiu kēia, i ka lā o kona kalaʻana aku, he mau manaʻo kōkua no ka hana hou aku, a oia i olelo kono i komo >>>.

E hana i kekahi pä pololei i loko, e komo i kekahi kauoha a olelo, a me ka holo ikaika aku nei i ke komo kī.

Python ke ano o ka hoʻokomo o, a pane koke ina hoailona ia mea pono i ka pane, a hoohalike olelo 'aʻole maopopo ole ia ia.

ʻO kēia mau kauoha, e kakau i ka laina. No ka ua ole i hoakaka ia no ka pai kulana, auaiaea hele ai i ka pale.

• >>> puka "Hello honua!"
• Hello honua!

He hookahi laina mea he polokalamu holoʻokoʻa! Ka Python interactively e paʻa ai na kaula kuhi komo ma ka ua e ke komo kī, a me ka hopena ikeia ma lalo nei.

View 'ike e pili ana i ka mea

I ka pä aaeei, ma laila nāʻaoʻaoʻelua i ka nānā 'ike e pili ana i ka mea:

• kau i ka mea (a me ka inoa), a ua pilikia Kikokiko;
• komo i ka puka kauoha, a me ka mea (a me ka inoa), a ua pilikia E komo ae.

Ka hopena hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea.

Me kekahiʻikepiliʻAno (helu a me ka papa, no ka laʻana), i kēia mau kiʻina hana mau paka i ka ia hopena:

• >>> m = [3,2]
• >>> m
• [3, 2]
• >>> Print m
• [3, 2]

No ka kaula, mea iki okoa mai o ka hopena i loaa mai no ka inoa o ka hopena o ka lākou o «puka inoa" kauoha. Ma ka hihia mua, ka cia mea i loko o quotation hoailona, oiai o ka lua - mea,ʻaʻole i hiki mai:

• >>> m = "MyString"
• >>> m
• "MyString"
• >>> Print m
• MyString

A hiki aku i ka inoa pili ia i ka aeie ana o code (no ka laʻana, oihana, modules, a me ka papa manawa), komo i ka inoa, e hoʻolako 'ike e pili ana i ke' ano o nāʻikepili, inoa a me ka wahi o ka pūnaewele.

ʻO kēia laʻana hana i ka papa i kapaia Message a IeEeAUUXAAaO 'ike e pili ana i ka

ia:

• >>> papa Message:
• ... kekahi
• ...
• >>> Message
• >>> Print Message
• __main __. Message

laina

Ke Python laina nā kaʻina o nā huapalapala. A kaula literal ua hana ia e komo ana huapalapala i hookahi kaha puana'ī ( '), papalua ( ") ole Triple (' 'a me" "") quotation kaha. Ma ka hana, i ka waiwai i haawi ai i ka ee iaaanu aey m:

• >>> m = "MyString"

Python kui loaʻa paha kekahi mau kukulu-i ka hiʻona. Kekahi o ia mea no ka hiki e hoʻi i kou kope a me nā mea a pau lowercase palapala. Mau uea 'i ike e like me kāu kiʻina hana. E kapa aku i kekahi papa hana ma luna o ka mea, e pono e hoʻohana kiko Ka Mooolelo O. Ia mea, ma hope o ko lakou komo ana i ka ee iaaanu aey inoa, a ma keia hihia mea he olua i ke kui e hoopii mai ai, e pono e kau i ke kiko Aʻole, a laila, i ka inoa o ka mea hana ma muli o ia ma ka puka a me ka panina brackets (.):

• >>> x.lower ()
• "Mystring"

Oe ke loaa kekahi hapa o ka laina ma ka hōʻinideka 'Aʻole ke [e]. Hōʻinideka hoomaka ma Aʻohe, no laila, i ka mau [0] e huli hou i ka mua ano i loko o ke kaula, o [1] e huli hou i ka lua, a no laila, ma luna o:

• >>> m [0]
• 'M'
• >>> m [1]
• 'Y'

Kui ano hana like maʻamau laina, a me ka "Unicode". Ka mea, paka ke kēia:

• aaeno loli (capitalize, luna, ma lalo, swapcase, inoa);
• helu (helu);
• hoʻololi i ka hoʻopā'ālua (encode, decode);
• huli a puku (loaʻa, e puku, rfind, 'inideka, rindex, unuhi);
• e kaha i ka keia (startswith, endswith, isalnum, isalpha, isdigit, islower, isspace, istitle, isupper);
• alu a ua hoʻokaʻawaleʻia (hui, paku, rpartition, mahae, splitlines);
• waihona (i waena, ljust, lstrip, rstring, rjust, e hoomaemae ia, zfill, expandtabs).

Python: mau papa helu

Inā Python kaula i kaupalena hōʻailona, helu pū kekahi kapu hana ole. Ka mea, i kauoha kaʻina o ākeʻakeʻa kumu mea, a me nā kahua kaua. A eia hoi, he mea hiki, e hui aku, e kāpae i a puku oihana mua ona. A helu o nā mea, hookaawale ae ma commas i loko o ka ʻahā like brackets, a i ka Python papa inoa. He aha kēia ho, i hoikeia ma lalo -ʻaneʻi nō examples a me kaʻikepili ana me ia:

• >>> kumu = [ 'A', 'C', 'G', 'T']
• >>> kumu
• [ 'A', 'C', 'G', 'T']
• >>> bases.append ( 'U')
• >>> kumu
• [ 'A', 'C', 'G', 'T', 'U']
• >>> bases.reverse ()
• >>> kumu
• [ 'U', 'T', 'G', 'C', 'A']
• >>> kumu [0]
• 'U'
• >>> kumu [1]
• 'T'
• >>> bases.remove ( 'U')
• >>> kumu
• [ 'T', 'G', 'C', 'A']
• >>> bases.sort ()
• >>> kumu
• [ 'A', 'C', 'G', 'T']

Ma keia hana, ka mea i hanaia ma ka papa inoa o ke kanaka huapalapala. A laila, i huiia me ka hope o ka hehee ai huli i ka mea a hehee wale, na kumu mua extracted ma ka oihana o ko lākou 'inideka i holoiʻia hehee ai me ka waiwai' U 'a me ka hoʻomaopopoʻana i nā' ikamu i lawe. Wehe i ka'ikamu, mai ka papa wehewehe i ke kulana o ka wehe 'ia () papa hana e hoʻolako i nā' ike, oia, he waiwai ia e e wehe.

Ma waho aʻeo i nā kiʻina hana like i hoonee aku (), Python i kekahi like hiʻona i kapa kuleana pili i. Ka mea wale nō likeʻole ma waena o ka papa a me ka papa hana o ia ka mea mua ua i pili me ka maopopo mea.

Python: kuleana pili i

Oihana hana ana ma luna o kekahi a oi cia, a hoʻi i ka hopena. Nui helu o ia i hana ai i loko o Python. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka hana ai-ma ka hana:

• Len () - huli i ka helu ana o hehee wale i loko o ke kaʻina;
• dir () - i hoi mai i ka papa inoa o nā kaula ia ho na kailaʻae o ka mea;
• papa () -, e huli hou i ka hou papa initialized mai kekahi'ē aʻe kaʻina,.
• >>> kōkua (a)
• Kōkua ma kūkulu-ma ka ho'āʻo puni:
• a (...)
• puni (ka helu [, ndigits]) -> e lana wahi helu

Ua mea i hiki ke hoakaka i kāu mau hana.

Mea hoʻohana-i ho'ākāka 'oihana

Ke kaʻina hana o ka pili ana kona mau Python-kuleana pili i ka mea. Ka mua laina hoʻomaka me ke koho hua'ōlelo Def, ukali ma ka papa inoa a me nā manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē (i manaoia hoʻokomo o Hawaiʻi) lelo, ma parentheses, a me ka welau a me ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI. Mahope kauoha e mai i ke kino a me ka pono e indented. Inā he manaʻo hoʻopuka ua aia i ka hoʻomaka o ka papa kino, e lilo kekahi hapa o kona palapala kuhikuhi. Ka laina hope o ka papa huli i ka hopena:

• >>> Def kāna mete ia (DNA):
• ... "" "E hoʻi DNA kui like rna kui." ""
• ... hoʻi dna.replace ( 'T', 'U')
• ...
• >>> kāna mete ia ( 'CCGGAAGAGCTTACTTAG')
• 'CCGGAAGAGCUUACUUAG'

Kēia hana i ua hana pili i kapaia o kāna mete ia, i manao he kaula ia ho i ka DNA kaʻina. puku () iaoia i hoi mai i ke kope o ka palapala kaula a me nā mea a pau Kupuna i kaʻatikala o kekahi ano i kekahi. laina Ekolu o kuhi e 'ae' ia i kāna mete ia DNA i loko o RNA. Ka papa inverse Ua like penei:

• >>> Def ke hoʻololi (mau) 'ōlelo:
• ... "" "E hoʻi i ka kaʻina kaula i loko aʻe mea." ""
• ... palapala = papa (s)
• ... letters.reverse ()
• ... e hoʻi '' .join (palapala)
• ...
• >>> e hoole ( 'CCGGAAGAGCTTACTTAG')
• 'GATTCATTCGAGAAGGCC'

Nana e hoole kuleana pili i ke kui, i ka mea papa ma muli ma luna o laila, a me ka hoʻololi 'ana i kona mea. Ano, e pono e hana i ka nana e hoole. Ka mea i ka hui () iaoia, i hiehie i ka papa inoa, ka mahele ana i kēlā me kēia hehee ai o ke kaula waiwai. No ka ua i pono ai ka separator, ke iaoiaeii ua hoʻohana 'ia ma luna o ka laina poe e mau apostrophes (' 'ole "").

puke wehewehe

A Dictionary Python - He aha ka mea? Ka mea, i ka ia pomaikai like me kaʻike mau pepa puke wehewehe'ōlelo. Ua apono 'oe e koke huli i ka makemake waiwai (ho'ākāka' ana) pili me ke ki (hua'ōlelo). Puke Wehewehe i puni i koo, a hoʻokaʻawaleʻia ma commas no ke kaʻina o nā kī-waiwai hui. Puke Wehewehe ka mea, i kauoha. Akā, i ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo Hawaiʻi i loaʻa ma kā lākou mau kī,ʻaʻole lākou hoʻomoana.

• >>> basecomplement = { 'A': 'T', 'C': 'G', 'T': 'A', 'G': 'C'}
• >>> basecomplement.keys ()
• [ 'A', 'C', 'T', 'G']
• >>> basecomplement.values ()
• [ 'T', 'G', 'A', 'C']
• >>> basecomplement [ 'A']
• 'T'

papa

I mea e ho okumu i kou mau mea, e pono e hooholo i ke ano o ke kumu ua kapaia ka papa. Ma Python, keia mea no ka Aʻole papa, ukali ma ka inoa, a me ka AeXIeAaOIePEAaI. Ke kino o ka papa ho'ākāka 'ana iloko ona i kakauia na waiwai a me nā kiʻina hana i e e loaʻa ai i nā mea a pau he nui o nā mea ma muli o kēia papa.

pono

Hapanui iaaiey 'ōlelo kaumaha hoʻohana-aloha hiʻona, akā,ʻaʻohe mea nāna o ia i ia i kekahi hui malu pu ana o ka pono a me ka iauaeoia mohai aku ma Python. He aha nō kēia mau pomaikai? nō kekahi o lākou iʻaneʻi:

• 'Ōlelo hiki ke noniakahi i loko o nā palapala noi, a hoʻohana' ia no ka ho okumu ana i macros. No ka laʻana, ma ka HW Shop Pro 8 a hope, ia mea he'ōlelo kōmi'ōkuhi.
• Python Ua noa no ka hoʻohana a me ka haawi aku, ma luna o kekahi kalepa kulanui i 'ole mai.
• Language i ka ikaika aaioee uea, a huli i ka kikokikona i ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka palapala noi hana me ka hailona o ke kikokikona' ike.
• He mea hiki ke hana nui Apps me ka loaa ana i ka huliʻana i mea hoʻomaka polokalamu.
• Python Kākoʻo ikea ai a me ka debugging o na modules kanaka a me nā polokalamu holoʻokoʻa.