Rocket X-90 "Koala":'ike'ikepili

'O ka missile miamani X-90 he mea nui hou o Russia ma ka pane'ana i ka papahana pale kaua misiane Washington. Helehelena a me ka hoakaka Kao lele lako kaua no ka maopopo kumu o ka oihana koa huna. Wahi a kekahi mau kumu, ua ho'ohana'ia kēlā mau missiles i ka makahiki 2010.

Ua'ōlelo ka pelekikena Lūkini e hiki i ka misiale Khala Kh-90 he "Koala" ke pale i kekahi o nā pūnaewele palemu'ike i'ike'ia a me ka ho'okō pono'ana i nā pale ma ka'āina a me nā mau pūnaewele'ē a'e.

Ka mo'aukala o ke'ano o ka pōhaku

Ua ho'okumu'ia ka papahana o kahi missile honua ma ka Soviet Union i nā kauono. 'O ka mana'o,'o ia ke wehe'ana i ke kaua kaua mai ka lewa i kahi'ole o ka honua honua, a lilo ia i hō'ailona hōkai'ia, a ma hope o ka ho'ohuli'ana i ke ka'a mokomoko i kuhikuhi'ia i ka pahuhopu e ho'okau'ia.

I ka makahiki 1971, me kahi papahana ho'omākaukau'ia o nā missiles cruise li'ili'i ma ka lima, ua noi aku nā mea ho'omohala Soviet i ke aupuni e ho'okō i kēia papahana. I kēlā makahiki,'a'ohe pane. Akā, me ka ho'omaka'ana o ka ho'okumu'ana i nā missiles cruise ma 1975 e ka United States, ua kauoha'ia nā mea ho'olaha, ua poina'ia mai ka makahiki 1971 e ho'omaka i kēia papahana i ka makahiki 1976 a ho'opiha i ka makahiki 1982. I ka hopena o ka makahiki 1983, ua ho'oholo'ia e lawe i ka misiale "hou". 'O nā koi no ka hōkele ka mea ki'eki'e loa. A'o kekahi o nā mea nui,'o ia ka mea e loa'a ai ka holo wikiwiki. I loko o nā makahiki he kanawalukumamāwalu, ua hala ka manawa'o Makhov i kēia manawa.

Ma ka papahana MAKS-1997 i loko o ka hale noho o ka NGO "Raduga" (ua ho'okumu kēia hui i ka ho'olālā'ana i ka misiale) hiki i nā malihini ke'ike mua aku i ka mokulele molihini GLA, ka mea i lilo i kēia manawa i pahuhopu o kahi missile hou.

No ka po'e e makemake e ho'omaopopo i ke'ano o ke aniani X-90, ua hā'awi'ia ka ki'i ma luna.

Nā'ano o ka pali

Pono e GLA e halihali i'elua mau po'o kaua i hiki ke pa'i i nā'ōkuhi ma kahi mamao o kahi i ho'okahi mau mile. I ka wā mua, ua like ka lō'ihi o ka pae pōhaku i ka'umikumamālua mita. Eia na'e, ma hope mai, ua emi iho ka lō'ihi o'ewalu a'eiwa mau mile. Ma hope o ka ho'oka'awale'ana mai ka mokulele mokulele, e hāmama ka paepae i nā'ēheu'ekolu me kahi kaula'ehiku a'oi aku, a me ka hā'awi'ana i ka huelo. Ma hope o kēia, ua ho'ohuli'ia ka pihi'ālili kūpa'a, e hiki ai i ka paepae i kahi wikiwiki'oi. A laila,'o ka engine engine, e ho'onui ana i ka wikiwiki mai ka'ehā a'oi aku o Mach, ke ho'omaka nei e hana. 'O ke'ano o ka hana o kahi hō'ailona a hiki i'ekolu tausani'elima mau mile.

'O ka pahu ho'olaha

'O ka pāpālua TU-160 he mea nui, he mea kaua kīmaki pū me kekahi'ēheu me kahi'ōmole pi'i. Ua kūkulu'ia i loko o nā kanawalukūmāwalu o ka Office Bureau Tupolev a ua lawelawe'o ia mai ka makahiki 1987.

I ka manawa mua, e ho'okomo ana ka mea kaua i ho'okahi haneri ka'a, akā, no ka ho'omau o ka po'e'Amelika, ka mea i koi e ho'okomo'ia nā pana i loko o ke ku'ikahi SRV, pono e ho'ōki i nā kanakolu he'ekolu mau mīkini.

Ma hope o ka hā'ule'ana o ka Soviet Union, ua māhele'ia nā pana o waena o nā moku'āina.

Ma ka makahiki 2013, aia he'umikumamāono mau mokulele i loko o ka pū'ali koa o Rusia. Pau lākou a pau ma Volga i Engels.

"Ke Kali Nei Au"

'O kēia ka mokulele'oihana nui a'oi aku ka'oi loa o ka mokulele ma ka honua nei, a'o ia ka nui loa o ka lawe pio'ana i nā pōpō. 'O nā pilole i waena o lākou iho i kapa'ia aku iā ia'o "ke ke'oke'o ke'oke'o" no ka lokomaika'i a me ke'ano pilikino.

Eia kekahi mau inoa'ē a'e: "pahi kaua a he'umikumamālua mau pale", "mea palekana," "nā mea kaua a ke aupuni," "he hanana lele lele". A ma ka NATO, ho'okani'ia'o ia no kekahi kumu Blackjack.

TU-160M he hanana i hō'ano hou'ia'o TU-160, kahi i ho'okomo'ia ai nā lakohana leka uila-leka uila me ka mea kaua me nā misia-X-90. Hiki iā ia ke hali i kahi mea kaua ma'amau, e like me ka 90 OFAB-500U, akā, lawelawe'o ia ma ke'ano he mea halihali no ka missile manuahi X-90.

He inoa pono kēlā me kēia ka'a, e like me: "Ilya Muromets", "Alexander the Young", "Mikhail Gromov" a'o kekahi po'e'ē a'e.

'O ka paila wahie a me ka engine no ka loa'a'ana o ka'aila

Hypersound - he mämä holo i mea kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 5 māmā holo o ka malamalama a me elima Mach. I loko o ka manawa pōkole, hiki i ka wikiwiki ke hiki aku i nā misiales me kā lākou mau ma'amau ma'amau. Akā'o ka lele'ana ma ke'ano ki'eki'e no ka manawa lō'ihi e hiki wale nō inā wale nō i ho'olako'ia ka misia me kahi pūnaewele air-jet direct-flow. Kāhea'ia ia he scramjet.

'O ka hi'ohi'ona nui a me ka maika'i o ia pūnaewele he mea pono'ole ia e lawe i kahi mea pale'ai me ia. Ho'ohana kēia pūnaewele i ka oxygen. 'O ka wahie no ka HLDPV,'o ia ka nui o ka hydrogen a me ke kerosene.

Ho'omaka'ia ke'ano o kēia'enekini i nā makahiki he kanalima o ka makahiki i hala. A me ka mea mua kikoo o ka mokulele me ka mea kiko'ī iʻikeʻia i loko o ka sixties. Ua ho'olālā nā mea ho'olālā i kahi pūnaewele - he "Spiral" i hiki ke ho'opili hou'ia,'o ia ho'i he mīkini molekiki moleka a me kahi mokulele hō'ailona hō'ailona paha me kahi'ākini holokini. Pono e ho'onui'ia ke kino o ka holomua i'eono Makhov ma luna o ka waipiha wai a a hiki i ka'ehā a me ka hapa ma ke kerosene. Akā, i loko o ka hopena ka mea i hooholoia e iai? Oaiaaou i ka nakeke o turbojet kiko'ī.

Ho'omaka ka po'e'ōma'oma'a e ulu i nā makahiki he'umikūmāhiku, me ka ho'ohana'ana iā lākou ma nā mīkini pahi lele.

NASP a me TU-2000

I ka makahiki 1986, i ka pane'ana i ka Polokalamu Polokalamu'Amelika,'o ka papahana NASP ma ka USSR i ho'oholo i ka hana'ana i kahi like me ka NASP, he VCS ho'okahi manawa hou. Ua'āpono'ia ka papahana pōkole TU-2000 me ka uku ho'olaha i hō'ike'ia he'ekolu haneri a me kanaono toni, he māmā o'eono Maks, he'elike holo he 10,000 mau mile i kahi ki'eki'e o kanakolu mau kilomita.

Ua ho'okō'ia ka hana, akā i pili i ka hā'ule'ana o ka Soviet Union, ho'omaka lākou i kahi'ano pilule. Ua hele mai nā hui o ka papahana ma ka pae honua a ho'omaka e ho'ohui pū me nā mea Palani po'e. Eia na'e,'a'ole i holomua ka hana hui, e like me ia i hō'ike'ia e nā ho'onā i loa'a'ole.

I ka manawa ho'okahi,'a'ole maika'i loa ka'ōnaehana NASP a pani'ia i loko o nā nineties.

Eia na'e,'o ka'oia'i'o,'a'ole'o Rūsia a me ka'Amelika e hā'awi i nā mea hui pū'ia.

"Palekana-2004"

I ka makahiki 2004, mālama'ia ka papahana palekana-2004. 'O nā mea Bombers TU-160 me nā mea kaua ma lalo o ka inoa o ka ho'okūkū X-90 "Koala" i komo i loko o lākou.

I kēlā makahiki,'o ka Pelekikena'o RV.V. Penei i'ōlelo ai'o Putin e loa'a koke ana i nā Koa Koa o Rūia nā hō'ailona hakakā e hiki ai ke kūpono me ka wikiwiki o ka moneiki a me ka loli nui i ka ne'e'ana i ka pahu e holo i kahi mamao ma mua o ho'okahi'āina.

Kūkākūkā nā mea kūikawā i ka mana'o o ka Pelekikena ma kāna'ōlelo e like me kēia pōhaku.

Kapa'ia ka missile X-90

Ua ho'oholo'o Rusia e hō'ike i kona mau mana hou i'Amelika. 'O kēia ka pane a ka papahana ho'opuka kaua o Washington i ka missile Kh-90 ('o ia ho'i'o "Koala").

Ke ho'ouka'ia nei ma o nā kūkōkō koho-TU-160M - ka ikaika a me ka ikaika ikaika o Rusia i kēia lā.

Ma hope o ke ka'awale'ana mai kēia mea lawe pahi kaua,'o ka Xet 90 rocket ma kahi ki'eki'e o'ehiku tausani a hiki i ka iwakālua tausani mika ke hō'ike i kona mau'ēheu'ekolu a me ka wili huelo. 'O ka pi'i'ana i ka wikiwiki māmā ma waena o ka mea ho'olima uila, i ho'ohana'ia e kēia manawa. A laila hele mai ka manawa o ke ka'a o ke ka'a, mahalo i ka mea e komo ai ka pahi kaua pahi X-90 i ka māmā o'elima Machos. 'O ke'ano o ka misiale he'ekolu a me ka hapalua kilomika kilomika.

Nā ho'ā'o'ana o ka missile X-90

Ua wiwo'ole ke alaka'i'ana o ko mākou'āina no ka mea'a'ohe moku'āina ka mea nāna i mālama i nā mīkini mīkini ma waho a'e o Russia. Ma'Amelika Huipū'ia, ua hō'ole lākou i ka ho'omohala'ana iā lākou, me ka ho'oka'awale'ole iā lākou iho i nā missiles mau. Akā ma Rūia, ua ho'omau'ia kēlā hana, akā na'e he mau wāwae lō'ihi. I ka makahiki 2001, ua hō'ike'ia ka ho'olaha'ana o ka missile Topol. Ua'ike nā kānaka kūikawā i ke'ano o kāna kī'aha po'okela ma ke'ano kūlohelohe. I loko o ka ho'olā'au ho'omanahala i ka makahiki 2004, ua ho'okumu'ia nā pūnaewele ballistic: Topol-M a me RS-18. A laila,'ōlelo lākou, ua ho'oku'u'ia mai nā mea ho'olālā ho'okolohua mai ka pūnaewele hō'ailona, a ma hope o ka wehe'ana, hele i ka honua, a laila ho'i hou i ka lewa. He mea pa'akikī kēia, no ka mea, i ka wā e komo ai i ka lewa, he'elima kaukani mau mika ka nui o ka mamao o ka pahi kaua, a'o kahi paha he'umikumamāwalu tausani kilomika i kēlā me kēia hola, a he palekana kūpono ka pale kaua. 'O ka wikiwiki o kēia polokalamu,'o kēia ka mea hiki ke ho'ololi i ke kuhikuhi o ka lele a'a'ole i wāwahi'ia. Ua'ae nā pa'ahana'o ka X-90 - he missile'oihana cruise,'o ke'ano o ka mea i lilo i mea pohihihi.

'O ka hi'ona o ka'ōpiko, aia ma ka PC-18 he mea i ho'ololi i ka ki'eki'e a me ke kuhikuhi o ka lele. No laila, hiki i kekahi pale pale kaua, e like me ka mea'Amelika, ke lanakila ma luna o lākou.

Kālā'o Missile

'O ka māhele'o Missile Force o Rusia,'o ia kekahi o nā pū'ali koa kaua'ekolu a me nā māhele pahi kaua he'umikumamāono. 'Ehiku haneri me kanakolukumamālima pahi kaua ballistic me 3159 mau kī'aha ho'olālā ma waena o kā lākou mau mea kaua,'o ia ho'i'o Voevoda me ka'u mau'oihana, nā Molodets me 360 mau kī'aha, Topoli, Topoli-M a me nā mea'ē a'e.

Wahi a nā po'e akamai, inā he wahi li'ili'i i ho'olako'ia i nā pahi kaua hao, e lō'ihi'ole ka hō'ailona o nā koa kaua a hiki'ole ke pale'ia no kekahi pale kaua. Eia hou, e like me ka'ōlelo o nā po'e Lūkini, aia kekahi mau papahana'ē a'e, e like me ka "Cold" a me ka "Manala", ma waho a'e o ka ho'omohala'ana i kahi po'ohiwi hypersonic.

He mea'ole a ho'oweliweli ho'i nā ho'ouka

Ma muli o ko lākou mau hi'ohi'ona,'o ka X-90 "Rocket Koala" a me nā'oihana ho'olālā hou o kēia manawa i hana'ole ka'ike'ole o ka missile Amerika. No laila, ho'omaka'o'Amelika Hui Pū'Ia i nā pūnaewele radar kokoke i nā palena o Russia no ka'ike a luku'ana i nā missiles i ka manawa i ho'omaka'ia ai ka ho'olālā a'a'ole i loa'a ka manawa e wehe ai ke kaua kaua.

Akā, ma kēia alaka'i'ana, loa'a iā Rusia kekahi mau mea pā'ani,'ike a hūnā. Inā ho'oka'awale ke'ano kaua pahi kaua Kh-90 "Koala" i ke po'o po'okela, e lilo loa ia i mea hiki'ole ke ho'opau.

Hiki hiki ke ho'oku'u?

Ma ka Soviet Union, i ka wā e pa'a ai ka pīhoihoi i waena o nā mea nui'elua, ua ho'ā'o'ia e hele i ka'ao'ao'ē a'e. Inoa kuikahi apono, akā, me ka lima lāhui hele ana, a ma luna, a ma ka manawa o ka nini ana ma waena o ka USSR, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia froze ke ao nei a pau, a me ka noi ana no ko lakou hookuuia.

I loko o nā makahiki he kanawalukumamāwalu, ua hele'o MS i ka mana i ka USSR. 'O Gorbachev, ka mea nāna i pani i kēia, me ka mana'o'ole i nā holo lima. 'O ka mea kaumaha, i ka hopena o kēia ho'opau'ana,'o ka ho'oka'awale'ia'ana o ka'āina, ma ke po'o o ia i kū ai. Wahi a nā'aelike i kākau'ia e ia, ua ho'opau loa'ia kekahi mau mea kaua ma ka USSR. He kuleana nō ho'i'o'Amelika Huipū'ia e ho'opau i kāna mau mea kaua, akā, ma muli o ka ho'okō'ia'ana o nā ku'ikahi, ua nele maoli ka mana o ka USSR i kona kūlana mana lanakila, a ua ha'alele koke'ia, a ua lilo'o'Amelika Hui Pū'ia i mea ikaika loa ma ka honua me ka'ole e lilo i kona mana kaua.

'O ka ho'olālā'ana o nā mea kaua i ka Soviet, e pili ana i nā missiles cruise, hana'ole, hana hou i nā mea hou, a ua ho'ēmi'ia ka hana a pa'a paha.

Eia na'e,'o ka hewa a pau i hana'ia e'Amelika Huipū'ia a me kona mau kōkua ma ka honua, ua hala'o ia me ka Soviet Union, ke alaka'i nei ia i ka mana'o'ana inā e hana'ia kēia pilikia i ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono e pono loa a lawa.

A'oiai'a'ole i ho'okokoke ke kaiaulu i kahi'ano o ka ho'onui'ana, a he kū'oko'a i waho o ka moku'āina, pono nō ia e mākaukau no ka pale'ana i kahi ho'ouka kaua.