"Russobalt" kaʻa: i ka mōʻaukala o ka hao a me ka kükohu helu. Uhane "Russo-Balt": hoakaka, hōʻike manaʻo mea nona

A oe i mea i ka mua Lūkini kaʻa? He nui nā mea e hiki nö iä ia. I kēia mau lā mākou e nānā i ka mea kaʻa hao "Russobalt", i hiki ke kapaia ka paionia oiaio o ka Lūkini kaʻa oihana puolo.

prehistory

Ka mua kaʻa me ka'ā engine i hele mai i ka aina o ka Russian aupuni a pau i loko o ka mamao 1891. Ka mea, ua i ke kaʻa o ka Farani hui "Panhard Levassor." Ua pau i ka hoʻoponopono "Odessa Gazette" Vasiliyu Navrotskomu.

Ma St. Petersburg, i ka mua kaʻa ʻikeʻia i loko o 1895, a ma Moscow - i ka 1899.

Ka mea mua? Iecaianoaaiiuo kaa kūkulu i loko o ka Russian aupuni a pau, ua he kumu hoʻohālike o Frese a me Yakovlev hooku iho la ia i ka lehulehu i ka 1896. Akā, i kēia kaʻa ua ole, kena ae hoihoi i loko o kūhelu koʻikoʻi a hanohano.

Pake a me ka EYI i i loko o ka hola Yakovlev, he kaʻa a me nā huila i ma ka hola Frese. Nā externally a constructively kükohu ua mea i like loa me ke kaʻa Benz. Aka hoi, na ka manaʻolana 'ia no nā machines, he. Ma keia wahi ka mea, ua i ike pehea la ka nui o kēia mau kaa i hua mai, akā, ua loa pōkole i ka moʻolelo. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i loko o 1898, Evgeny Yakovlev make. Mua, me kona mau hoapili ia Peter Frese kuai Hawaii ma waho, akā, laila, hoʻoholo, e kuai lilo aku i kona mana Lūkini-Baltic carload hola. I keia hana i ole wale kaa, akā, i kua'āinaʻano hana, e like me ka pono me ka airplanes kerosene kiko'ī. I ka mea kanu ua nui loa, a ua kona oihana i loko o kekahi kūlanakauhale: Riga, Tver, St. Petersburg, a ma hope ma Moscow, a Taganrog.

Ka mua ana hoʻohālike

Alanui i oihana o ka mea kanu i hanaʻia ma ka makahiki 1908 ma Riga. Aʻo ka mea mua hi "Russobalt" ikea ma May aʻe makahiki. Ke kaʻa i hanaia e ka ike ole prototype no ka laula koʻikoʻi a hanohano o ka Aaeuaeeneei kükohu "ke dala". Ma o ka haku o ka Lūkini mana ua Aaeuaeeneei akamai Zhalen potera. Wahi lulu popilikia poe akamai, o Ivan Fryazinovsky a me Dmitry Bondarev no hoi i ka nui na makana no ke kūpono 'ana o ke kaʻa. Papa hoʻolaukahi hana o ka troika o ka poʻe akamai alakaʻi i ke kala ana o ka moʻo o machines. Ua oia a kaa - B-12, C-24 a me E-15 - a me ka ukana - T-40, M-24, D-24 - nā kaʻa. Ka loa kaulana kükohu i loaa i kekahi C-24. Ia ka leo o ka mea hoike no ka 55% o ka pukana.

Car "Russo-Balt": Ka Hoʻomaopopo

Nā ana hoʻohālike hookuu hale hola, okoa ka ikaika a me ka pono. Ka mea, ua komo i loko o nā hoʻonohonoho 'Competition: hālāwai hoʻeuʻeu a me ke ahonui. I Monte Carlo a me San Sebastian noho ana i waena o ka maikaʻi loa. Olelo ana e pili ana i ka pono o na machines, mau hoomanao me kekahi kope o ka C-24 i ka 1910 ua hiki ke kipaku i ke kala o ka 80 tausani kilomika me ka 'inoʻino loa. I ia manawa ka mea, ua i mea hiki ole e piʻi like, a me ka holoʻokoʻa kaʻa hana momoku ahi "Russobalt".

Ua loaʻa ke kaʻa ma waena o nā kulanui - ka imperial aoeaiia caaiea i ka 1913, elua ohua kaa RBVZ bummed. I ka mua o ia i i ka walaau ÷ C-24, a me ka lua o ka - K-12. 64% o ka mea kanu i ka huahana i loaa ma ka Lūkini kaua. Machines ua koi ka hapanui i waena o nā limahana a me nā luna kahuna lapaau. Ma ke alanui, e noho ana i ke kükohu i loko o ke kaʻa i Ua hoʻouka kekahi mau mea i kahikoiaʻi kino.

? iecaianoaaiiuo Hiʻona

Car "Russo-Balt", he Hawaii photo a evoke i ka pono o ka haaheo, i kekahi mea, akā, loa paa no? Ieoaeunoaa. XIX. Lāliʻi, e like me: ka crankcase, nā paukūʻolokaʻa, EYI, ninini mai o ka Aluminum. Kaʻapuni māhele: kapa huila, a me kona kapa - Ua kau ma luna o nā mea pilihao poepoe. Ke ninini paukūʻolokaʻa pa alima pu me ka gimmick, a ia ia wale nō i loko o nā ana hoʻohālike C-24 a me K-12 - moku lawe hae Ke Ana Hoʻohālike "Russobalt".

Ke kaʻa i hua mai i ka nui mea. Ua mea noteworthy i nā 'ikamu i loko o ke kaʻa o kekahi aoao, he mau loa interchangeable. A ma waena o ka aoao o ka ua kükohu hiki e nui oko: ka helu o nā transmissions, engine mana, i ka wheelbase, i ka manao o ke kanaka wahi. Geometrical kiko'î a ana aʻelaʻo ia māhele o ka metric nenoaiu. Ua aneane Ua i pololei a pau o na kaa ma ke kaa hola. Ma kaʻaoʻao i e kūʻai poepoe nā mea pilihao, aila puʻe hoʻokolo a me na hoewaa.

Cartwright oihana, he elua ma St. Petersburg a me Riga. hua mai la i kēlā me kēia no ia kino no kekahi mau ana hoʻohālike. Kino "Russo-Balt" i ka hailona no ka hoʻololi 'ana: hoopili Hawaii, e wehe ae kaa, mahalo i waena o ka poʻeʻEulopa landau, cigar-hoʻokino torpedoes a me na mea e ae. Ma ka exhibition i ka 1910, mālama 'ia i loko o St. Petersburg, carload hola ua pono hoʻolauna elima Ke Ana Hoʻohālike. A makahiki ma hope, malaila hoi au i eono.

Land o ka Soviets, apparently, kaa i ole e pono ai. No laila, i ko lakou kalaʻana aku i nā ua hoʻemi, a ma ka 1926 loa hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. A me ka hola auoiaea i loko o kona olelo e lilo i ua Hoʻololi 'ia no ka hoomalu ana i puolo.

E huli iā mākou i loko o nui au mamuli mea kūpono ai hoopuka ia e ka poe, "Russo-Balt" nā kaʻa. Hoakaka kōkua iā mākou i loko o kēia.

"Russo-Balt" K-12

Uhane K-12/20 moʻo o ka V, nolaila ia i kuu ia ma 1911, i he i kā mākou ia auoiaea o 20 horsepower, a ua hōʻike ma ka inoa. I ka 1913 ka mea iʻikeʻia ka mea e hiki mai ana puke - XI, kona mana i ua 24 nā lika. i kekahi. Ua kapaʻia ka mīkini, niioaaonoaaiii - K-12/24. I waena o nā hiʻona o keia kükohu i:

- nā paukūʻolokaʻa hoolei like pa alima;

- he hoʻokahi-kapakahi hoʻoponoponoʻana o Kamehameha o kiwikā;

- thermosiphon anuanu maila ka'ōnaehana pūnaewele.

EYI hoʻouka kekahi kaawale mai ka engine, a me ka ikehu pū i hiki i ka hope huila i kekahi propeller mau lala. Kaa he pāʻumi ma kahi o 1200 kg, nae e kūkulu kumu, he ¾-elliptical kahi semielliptical. Kakahiaka nui moʻo wheelbase o 2655 mm o, a ma ka hopena o - 2855 mm o.

Model K-12 loa pinepine kuai iho la ia no ka pono, no ka mea, ua ka makepono i waena o kaa ape mea kanu. Aka hoi, waiwai kanaka pinepine i makemake ai ia ia. Oe ke hōʻike 'ia i kekahi mau poʻokela kanaka i waena o ka mea nona o K-12 i loko o ke kino landole: Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich, Prince Borisa Golitsyna, helu Sergei Witte, industrialist Eduarda Nobelya.

I huina, i ka mea kanu hua mai 141 kaʻa kope o K-12. Ka mea, Ua hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o elima moʻo. Ke ano o ka V-Series 1911:

- Hawaii - ma-laina, 4-paukūʻolokaʻa, 2.2 hano, me ka lalo-kiwikā;

- nona iho - 12 Hp ma 1500 rpm;

- PPC - me mechanical, i ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao;

- kino - he hookoe mai i kekahi;

- nā paleki - pahu, e kūkulu;

- wehe - punawai, e kaukaʻi;

- i kā mākou māmā - 50 km / h;

- kino - wehe, 4-seater.

"Rousseau-Balt" C-24

Ka loa pipiʻi ohua kaʻa ÷ ua RBVZ C-24, i i hua mai la a hiki i 1918. Kaa a me 6-noho kino ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i waena o ke kookoo luna o ka Lūkini kaua. Ma kona awa pae kapa hoʻonohonoho, a me ka 'ē aʻe kino: papalua kânaka, for Hawaii a me ka landole. Aia i ke ahiahi, he hapa-Track kēia o ka hooilo - sledge-kaʻa. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o keia kaʻa - ka engine. Kona hoʻolei nā paukūʻolokaʻa i ka palaka mau, a me ka nohona kiwikā (lower) hooponopono ma na aoao a elua o ka paukūʻolokaʻa. Wai Ua hoʻolahaʻia ma ke anuanu maila'ōnaehana hoʻohana i ka centrifugal EII ni. Ma hope ma waena o nā pūnāwai, Aia wahie pahu, mai i wahie ua iiaeaaony i ka engine pahu ma ke kinoea a no ka maluhiluhi puʻe. E holo ma luna o nā cobblestones, a me ka primer ua oi oluolu, ka hope wehe oia o ekolu interconnected kalaka nui-elliptical lau wai a me nā lonikū a me kekahi transverse. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ke kaʻa kino ke kaupaonaʻana, he 1540-1950 kg.

Ke kükohu hele mai i loko o eiwa Episode, kela mea keia mea o ka a uaʻoi aku ma mua o ka hope. I ka makahiki 1912, i ka hola haalele i kona carburetor, a hoomaka ae la e e hoʻouka kekahi ma ka C-24 Palani carburetor "Zenith". Kēia, a me ka loli i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa o ka pahupaʻikiʻi paukūʻolokaʻa, 'ae' e hoala mai i ka Loipālākiō mana mai ka 30 a hiki i 35 horsepower. I ka hookahi makahiki, ka wheelbase i ua hooloihiia mai ka 3160 a hiki i 3165 mm o. I ka 1913, ka mana kaa hou, a mahuahua nui ma ka hoʻokō 'ia' 4-māmā gearbox.

Ua Ua hookuu 347 C-24 Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i ka makahikiʻeiwa. 285 o ia i hamama kino pākī. Ka i koe, o ka hola like māhele i waena o Hawaii, a me ka waʻa-landole tropicbirds. A mea i ka moku lawe hae "Russo-Balt" - ke kaʻa mea nāna hōʻike manaʻo kaulana iaʻano nui kona pono a me ka noho nanea ana o ka hoʻoponopono.

manaʻo manaʻo

Uhane ape kanu i ole, ua hoʻopoina, a me nei ua i hoao e hoola i ka "Russo-Balt". Ke kaʻa, kona mōʻaukala Ua hiki pōkole ma mua o ke kaao ana o ka mea, ua pili me ka makahiki-kahiko Lūkini kaʻa hana, no laila, he mea i makemake, e hoʻi ia. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka 21st kenekulia hao ua waiwai ma ka A: Level. I ka 2002 ka mea i Kapa hou i ka Russo-Baltigue. I ka 2006 ka mea i hoʻolauna i ka manaʻo o ka manaʻo, a komo 'ana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka German poe Kelemānia Gerg GmbH. Ua manaʻo 15 wale kaa e paka i ka makahiki, a kūʻai lilo aku iā lākou i ka Waihona Noʻeau. Eia naʻe, he hana manaʻoʻaneʻane ole i kekahi hiki ole i ka uku kuala, a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o curdled.

Model no ka mea tuple

Ma hope o ka ho'āʻo 'ana e hoʻomaha hoʻi i ka makahiki 2006, i ka hao "Russo-Balt" hou e kamailio pu ana. I ka 2013, ka mea i manaoia e kūkulu i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o kūikawā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike no ka mea koho pelekikena motorcade. Kēia e ae e uku i ka waiwai auhau i ka momoku ahi nui, "Russo-Balt". Car 2013 ua e hālāwai ma luna o ka anuu "palapala-Royce Phantom." Eia naʻe, i kēia papahana i ole hoʻomaopopo a hiki i kēia lā.

ka hopena

No laila mākou iʻike i ka mea a ka "Russo-Balt" (kaʻa). Review o nā ana hoʻohālike, hoakaka a me ka akamai manaʻo ua kokua mai, e hoʻolako i ka loa piha auhau o ka mua Lūkini kaʻa ahi. Ke wale aloha ka mea, e kapa ia he Lūkini kaʻa maoli paakiki. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea i kūkuluʻia e like me ka prototype o ka Aaeuaeeneei kükohu. Naʻe, me na hana o kaiakū poʻe akamai, paha i ke ao nei, ina aole i aoia e pili ana i ka hao 'Russobalt ". Ke kaʻa maopopo leʻa hewaʻiʻo noonoo, a me ia mea e hiki i kona manawa i noho paipai o iho.