Social ke aʻo kumumanaʻo pokole. Kākau o ka lawelawe aʻo kumumanaʻo

Ke kenekulia i hala iho nei i ke kenekulia o ka keiaʻike manaʻo, ia originated nui o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia kula o kaʻike manaʻo i loko o kēia manawa i loko o ka Western honua. Social aʻo kumumanaʻo i hanaia i loko o ka ia mōʻaukala wā. Kēia manaʻo nō koe loa mea mahaloia ma ka Western ao nei, ua loaʻa i ka ia i loko o Rusia,ʻaʻole naʻe i 'ike' ana ia.

E hoomanao i keia 'atikala i nā mea i ho'ākāka' ka papa kuhikuhi o keia kumumanaʻo, a me ka mōʻaukala o kona ulu ana.

He aha ka keia kumumanaʻo?

E like me ia i kēia manaʻo, he keiki, hōʻike 'ia ma ka malamalama, absorbs cia, kūmau o ka hana a me ka moolelo o ka ke kaiāulu ma i kona ola. Kēiaʻano papa hana hiki ke hoʻohana 'me he integral aʻoʻana o nā keiki mea ole wale na ke kūlana mākaukau maoli o ka hana, akā, i kekahi' ike e like hoʻi me nā mākau, a me nā loina Hawaiʻi.

Mau noonooʻepekema, ka poe nui i kēia kumumanaʻo, aʻo kīnā uku ma ka Mohai. A me lakou, ma ka kekahi lima, ua hilinai ma ka behaviorism like me ka panina kumumanaʻo e wehewehe i nā kumu o ke kanaka hana, a, ma ka kekahi lima, psychoanalysis hanaia e Freud.

Maoli, i kēia manaʻo o ka hana iʻikeʻia i loko o nā 'aoʻao o ka manoanoa kālaiʻike nā puke, ua lilo loa mahalo i loko o' Amelika lehulehu. Ua i ka hoihoi nui me nā loea kālai'āina i ka moe, e ike i nā kānāwai o ke kanaka hana, a mālama iā lākou ma ka helu nui o kanaka, a me nā 'elele o nāʻoihana kahuna, ai: mai ka koa a me ka makai i housewives.

Socialization like me ka kikowaena manaʻo o ka manaʻo

Social aʻo kumumanaʻo ua nui ka pilina i ka mea i ka manaʻo o ka socialization, a pili ia i ka kaʻaluna o ke keiki kūmau a me aiee o ke kuikahi ma i kona ola ua lilo loa i mea mahaloia imua o ka manaʻoʻike a me ka kiʻina aʻo 'epekema. Ma ka lawelaweʻike manaʻo, ka manaʻo o ka socialization i ka centerpiece. I ka Ia manawa Western haumana pili ana i ka noho'na makaainana i ulu socialization (kipi ma na nā mākua i loko o ka papa o i ke keiki, mai na¯ ike i ka 'ike i ka mea i ole mau kilo, e hai aku i kona mau makua, no ka mea hoike, e pili ana i nā hiʻona oʻia e ma waena o kanaka) a me ka centralized socialization (ma i maopopo pono ka noiʻi hoʻonaʻauao 'ana).

Oia ka hoʻomaopopo o like me ka pela i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ka hoʻonaʻauao ' ana o ke socialization, aole nae i loaa ka naauao i waena o nā kiʻina aʻo wahi lulu, no laila, no hoopaapaa aku i loko o ka Lūkini kumu kiʻina aʻo 'epekema i kēia kūlana ua.

Social aʻo kumumanaʻo hoʻopaʻapaʻa ia socialization - he manaʻo like i ka kŰia o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, akā, i loko o nā psycho-kumu kiʻina aʻo kula o ka West loaa socialization a me nā qualitative hoike. No ka laʻana, ma ka behaviorism, ka mea, ua malamaia lakou nei, me ka nohona aʻo 'ana iho, i loko o Gestaltʻike manaʻo - like me ka no o ka lawelawe AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o nā kānaka i loko o ka humanisticʻike manaʻo - like me ka hopena o ka hoʻoponopono-actualization.

Owai la ka mea nui i kēia kumumanaʻo?

Social aʻo kumumanaʻo, ke kumu o nā manaʻo i i hōʻikeʻia e kānakaʻepekema ma ka hoʻomaka o ka hope ke kenekulia, i hanaia i loko o ka US Junior a me ka hana o nā kākau e like me A. Bandura, Skinner, R. Sears.

Eia naʻe, i kēia mau psychologists, i me-hoonaaukiekie oe, ma na aoao noʻonoʻo i nā mea i ho'ākāka 'kumu nui o ke kumumanaʻo hanaia e ia.

Bandura Ua aʻo keia pähola i hua'ōlelo o ka mana hiki mai. Ma o ka mea kākau o ka lehulehu ia mea hōʻike i ka pololei mea hoʻopili ma waena o nui o kekahi hana a me ka Mohai o kana poe keiki.

Sears Ua kūpono ua kūkākūkāʻia e hele i ke keiki ma kona ola ma ekolu kūlana mamuli o nā mākua, i ka mua o i mea na unconscious, a me ka lua o ka elua - manao.

Skinner hoʻomohala i ka pähola 'ana o ka ai-kapaia kilo. He manaoio aku i ka kaʻaluna o ka hou kükohu o ka hana ana o ke keiki i kaʻoi loa aku la a hiki i keia kilo.

Penei, he mea hiki ole ke pane i ka ninau o ka poe o kānakaʻepekema hoʻomohala i ka kumumanaʻo o ka lawelawe hoʻonaʻauao, maopopo leʻa. Kēia i hanaʻia e ka pau pūʻulu o 'Amelika a me ka Juniorʻepekema. Ma hope, i kēia kumumanaʻo ua lilo i mea mahaloia maʻEulopa.

Ho okolohua A. Bandura

No ka laʻana, Bandura manaoio aku i ka manaʻo o ke kumu o ka pono, e hana i kekahi keiki i ka hou 'ana. I ka Ia manawa i loko o ka hoʻokō 'ana i kēia pahuhopu hiki ole wale hana kuʻuna ano o ka hoʻonaʻauao keiki, e like me & okua ia, ka uku a me ka hoʻopaʻi. Ua pono ka fundamentally okoa kahua o ka hana o ke kumu. Keiki nānā i ka hana ana o kekahi kanaka nui iā ia, e noho ma ka unconscious kiʻekiʻe, e apono i kona mau manao a me ka manaʻo, a laila, a pau o ka laina manaʻo aukahi o ke ana.

Ma kākoʻo o kona pähola 'o Bandura hana i kēia' hoʻokolohua: ia i ho'ākoakoa aʻela kekahi mau hui o nā keiki, a hoike mai ia Film me kekahi maʻiʻo. Children ka poe kiai kiʻiʻoniʻoni meʻano pākīkē kuka (aggression ma ka hope o ka ho film Uku) ka wā e kiai ana i ka hōʻike i loko o kā lākou manipulation o toys mānewanewa ikaika kolohe. Keiki i nānā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me ka ia ka maʻiʻo, akā, ua hoopaiia ia aggression kekahi demonstratirovali haʻi manaʻoe hōʻeha, akā, ma ka mea uuku dala. Keiki i kiai aku Film me ka hao wale mai ka maʻiʻo i ole hōʻike ia i loko o kā lākou hula ma hope o ka nānā i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Ke'ī mai, me ka mana haʻawina alakai aku ia A. Bandura, hoao iho la ia i ka olelo ka papa kuhikuhi o nā lawelawe hoʻonaʻauao kumumanaʻo. Kēia mau haʻawina Ua hōʻike i ka pololei loulou ma waena o kiai ana kela Film a me na kamalii ka hana. Soon, Bandura mau ai i ua ike i ke kulana oiaio ma ka 'epekema honua.

Ke ae pā o ka pähola 'o Bandura

Kākau Social aʻo kumumanaʻo - Pandora - manaoio aku i ke kanaka i ka wahine paha, e manaoia ma ka huipūʻana o kona hana, nohona a puni, a me ka cognitive like. I kona manao, ka mea, o ka situational aʻe a me nā kumumea predisposing dictate kanaka hoohaunaele. ʻepekema, i na kanaka ia lakou iho e hiki consciously nui loli ma konaʻano, akā, i kēia mea nui loa i kā lākou pilikino hoomaopopo ana o ka hanana a me ka makemake.

Ka mea, e pili ana i ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka manaʻo i ka poʻe i nā me ka huina hoonui o kekahi ka iho hana, e like me na kanaka haku o ko lākou mau nohona a puni, a, nolaila, konaʻano.

Haʻalele Skinner, Bandura 'aʻole i hōʻike' ana i nā mea a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea mawaho kilo o kanaka hoohaunaele. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kanaka hiki ole e kope kekahi i ka hana, e kiai ana ia ia, a me ka heluhelu ana i kēia mauʻano ma ka buke a ike ia i loko o ka ho film, a no laila, ma luna o.

E like me ia Bandura, he kikowaena manaʻo i loko o ka pähola 'ana i ka lawelawe hoʻonaʻauao ua aʻo' hana, manao paha unconscious, a lawe maluna iho o na kanaka ua hānauʻia ma luna o ka honua nei, mai kona entourage.

Ma keia hihia, ke nä känaka 'epekema kuhikuhi mai i ua hoomaluiaʻano nui kanaka hana ma ka mea ana e ike i ka hopena o ko lākou mau hana. A hiki hewa e hele ana i ka hao wale i ka pali, ka hoomaopopo ana i kaʻilihune o kona mau hana hiki e ka lōʻihi o ka halepaahao makahiki, akā, hele ma keia mea, me ka manao ana e pakele hoopai, a kiʻi i ka nui lanakila 'ana, a ua hoike ia ma ka kekahi nui o ke dala maoli. Penei, ka noʻonoʻo 'keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke kanaka e haawi aku ai i kanaka, e like holoholona, ke hiki i ka mua mai kā lākou hana.

Hana psychologist R. Sears

Social aʻo kumumanaʻo i hookomo i loko o ka palapala o ka psychologist R. Sears. Ke nä känaka 'epekema i manaoia i ka manaʻo o kekahi dyadic Ka Ikepili o pilikino? Acaeoey. Psychologists aku nei au i ke keiki i ka kanaka e hana me ka hopena o ka dyadic pili. He He pilina ma waena o ka makuahine a me kana keiki, ke kaikamahine a kona makuwahine, ke keiki a me ka makuakane, kumu a me ka haumāna, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

I ka Ia manawa, nä känaka 'epekema manaoio aku i ke keiki i loko o kona ulu ana e like me ka mea hala ae kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ekolu o ka Mohai:

- rudimentary Mohai (ia lŘlŘ ma kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakule ma ka unconscious kiʻekiʻe);

- iniiaiie Mohai (hoʻomaka socialization kaʻina hana i loko o kaʻohana);

- haumāna ways Mohai (hoomaka e komo aku ai i ke keiki i ka i loko o ke kula me ka).

Ka loa nui o kēia kūlana, ke nä känaka 'epekema noʻonoʻo i ka lua, i i ua hoʻopili i ka' ohana ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Ano o e kaukaʻi hana o ke keiki (ma Sears)

Social aʻo kumumanaʻo (pokole kapa o ka pähola 'ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao') i loko o nā hana Sears komo ai i ka auaaeaiea o kekahi mau ano o addictive hana o ke keiki. Lākou ho okumu Ua kalele iho ma luna o ka pilina ma waena o ke keiki a me ka makua (kona mau makua) i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o ka pēpē ka ola.

E mākou noonoo ia i loko o aku au mamuli.

Ka mua palapala. Io noonoo. Ma keia palapala ana o ke keiki ua imi ia,ʻo ka noonoo ana o nā mākua, ma kekahi mea, a hiki i ka loa io.

I ka lua o ka palapala. E huli ana e hooiaio ai. Ke keiki ua mau huli no ka oluolu, mai nā mākua.

Ke kolu o ka palapala. Maikaʻi noonoo. Search child hoʻoleʻa mai nui makua.

I ka ha o ka palapala. Huli kuikawa closeness. Baby pono mau noonoo, mai nā mākua.

I ka lima o ka palapala. hoopa Huli. Ke kamaiki Pono ka ikaika physical noonoo, hōʻike aloha mai na makua ke hoʻopaʻa i, a uaʻapo mai.

Ke nä känaka 'epekema, manaoio aku i kēia mauʻano o ka pilikia lawa i ka mea, a pau i ka lōʻihi. He manao na makua, e hoopili aku i ka gula ia hoʻi, ke i loko o ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka ole, e hele e hōʻoia i kēia mauʻano o addictive hana i loko o ke keiki i hoomaka ai e holomua.

Manaʻo B. Skinner

Social aʻo kumumanaʻo i hookomo i loko o nā hana o Skinner. ʻano nui i loko o kona 'epekema kumumanaʻo o ka kŰia o ka ai-kapaia kilo. He paipai i ke kilo hōʻike'ōlelo paipai a me ka uku, pili maoli ka likelihood o ke keiki mastering i kaumaha aku ia ia hana.

Kilo nä känaka 'epekema i hookaawale ai i loko o nui nā pūʻulu elua, conditionally kahea mea maikaʻi kilo a me ka io. Ma kaʻaoʻao 'oluʻolu, ka mea, e hoomanao i ka mea maikaʻi hopena ma child ulu, i ka io - e hiki aku ai i ka hoʻokō' ole 'i loko o kona kūpono' ana, a 'ano apau loa i ka nohona haiahū kūmau (e like, ka waiʻona, Hobby, ai', etc.).

Nō hoʻi, e like me Skinner, ke kilo i e ka iniiaiie (maoli waiū, i ka ai, etc.) a me kaʻike mau (na hoailona o ke aloha, nā waiwai, na hoailona o ka noonoo, a no laila, ma luna).

Ma ke ala, Skinner ua he pahuhopu nei hoa paio o nā mea a pau hoopai ana i loko o ka upbringing o na keiki, me ka manaoio aku i ka mea, i loa nā palapala, e like me ka mea io kilo.

I ka hana o nā kānakaʻepekema

Social aʻo kumumanaʻo, pokole hookolokolo aku la ia ma luna, i hookomo i loko o nā hana o nā psychologists i loko o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Canada.

Pela, ke nä känaka 'epekema George, Gevirts aʻo i nā kūlana o ka hanau ana o ka lawelawe ways i loko o nā keiki. Ke psychologist manao i keia ways ua hana ia ma ke kaʻina hana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o nā mākua a me nā keiki, a ua hoikeia mai ka wā kamaliʻi i loko o ka hala ana keiki akaaka a hea aku, hooho, a, conversely, hele peacefully.

J. colleague. Gevirtsa, American U. Bronfenbrenner, uku nānā 'ana i ke kahe o? Acaeoey o ke kanaka i loko o kaʻohana, a kuhikuhi mai i ka lawelawe palapala i wahi kuhikuhi ma lalo o ka aoao o na makua.

E like me ka mea kākau o ka pähola 'ana o ka lawelawe hoʻonaʻauao, Bronfenbrenner hōʻike a me ka nānā' ia ma au mamuli o ka kŰia o ka ai-kapa makahiki-segregation. Ke o Mānoa, no ka mea, ua i kēia: ui kanaka, e hele mai ana, mai kekahi mauʻohana hiki ole loaʻa i kona wahi i loko o ke ola, ka mea i ike i ka mea a lakou i hana ai, a me ka mea, manaoʻaeʻa lākou mai a pau na mea e ae.

Atikala hana ma luna o ke kumuhana hoao iho la e e loa mahaloia ma Contemporary lehulehu. Nā kumu no kēia loa Bronfenbrenner i kapa i ka pono no ka makuwahine ka hāhai i ou wahi lihi iki o ka manawa ma ke kaʻawale mai kona ohana, a me na keiki ma ka hana, oki holo 'awelika māhuahua, e alakai ana i ka mea i na keiki ke ole manawalea ana mai iaʻu loa me ko lākou poʻe kūpuna, nele o ka' ōlelo a me nā mākua, 'ohana, Hobby huahana Contemporary oaoieei-moʻomeheu (TV, etc.) e inhibits ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o nā mākua a me nā keiki, i ka emi ana o intergenerational hui 'ana i loko o kaʻohana nui kekahi.

Ma keia hihia, Bronfenbrenner manaoio i keia ohana hui negatively e loli ai i ke kanaka o ke keiki, a hiki aku ai i kā lākou mokuāhana, mai nā ka 'ohana, a no ka mea a pau lehulehu.

Maikaʻi kēia papaʻaina: ka evolution o ka lawelawe aʻo pähola 'iloko o ke kenekulia i hala

Pela, ua noʻonoʻo i ka hana ana o ka helu o nā kānakaʻepekema, ua hiki ke manao nei makou i kēia kumumanaʻo, a ku ae la ma ka hoʻomaka o ka hope ke kenekulia, ua hiki mai ka wā lōʻihi o kona ho okumu, waiwai ma na mea he nuiʻepekema.

Ka manawa originated i ka makahiki 1969 ma ka palapala o Junior Albert Bandura, akā, ke kumumanaʻo ia iho la kona holistic manao i loko o nā hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema a me kona ideological ukali.

Ke evolution o ka lawelawe aʻo kumumanaʻo, i ua i kapaia kaiapili-cognitive kumumanaʻo paipai i ka mea nui wale nō i loko o kekahi o ka ola o ka laʻana o ka hana ana o na kanaka a puni ona.

Kekahi ki manawa o kēia manaʻo lilo i kŰia o ka hoʻoponopono-hooponopono. A kanaka ke hoʻololi kā lākou hana ma ka manao. Eia hoʻi, e hiki paha i loko o kou manao i ke kiʻi o ka makemake wā e hiki mai, a hana na mea a pau e hele mai e oiaio kona moe. (I kēia mau mea, i kapaʻia "lana iho o ka muliwai") People nele o ko lākou mau mea i loko o ke ola, me he vague manaʻo o ko lākou wā e hiki mai, ka nalowale i like i ka poe kanaka, ka poe i hoʻoholo pehea ka mea makemake e ike ia lakou iho ma na makahiki a me ka makahiki. Kekahi pilikia e zastragivayut ma kana mau hana a me na poe kokua o kēia manaʻo: inā mea i ka pahu hopu hiki ole e, e lawe mai i ke ola?

No, ma keia hihia, ke kanaka i ka ahi poho, i loko o ke ola, i ke kaumaha a me ka suicidal manao ia e alakai.

Up: aha i kēia hou manaʻo ma ka 'epekema?

Ma ke West, ka manaʻo koe kekahi o na kanaka kaulana theories o ke kanaka? Acaeoey. Ma ka mea, ua palapala he hailona o ka puke, ua hoomaluia? Iie hana, Film kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

Kēlā me kēia 'elele o ka pähola' ana o ka lawelawe hoʻonaʻauao - i nä känaka 'epekema a me ka kapikala ike i loko o ka' epekema honua. Ma ke ala, ma na mea he nui Popular buke maʻike manaʻo, kēia kumumanaʻo ua hoʻohana 'ia ka loa a me ka hapa. Ma keia e pili ana ia mea kūpono, e hoole i ke kaulana puke koke psychologist Dale Carnegie, i i haawiia mai na mea kōkua ma pehea e loaa i ka 'elele o na kanaka. Ma kēia puke, no ka mea kākau hilinaʻi ma luna o ka hana a na elele o ke kumumanaʻo mākou i aʻo.

nā loina o ka hana,ʻaʻole wale nō me nā keiki akā, me nā mākua i ua hoʻomohala ma luna o ke kumu o keia kumumanaʻo. Ua Ua nō ma muli o ke aʻo o ke koa, 'inikua poe hana, mea aʻo.

Psychologists, kamaʻilio akula kumuhana o ka PilinaʻOhana, a alakaʻi Leomakana e akoakoa ai i na kumu o ke o ka manaʻo.

Ka mua mea kākau o ka nohona aʻo kumumanaʻo (Bandura mea oia) i hana nui ai i kona 'epekema? Ea, ua ai he ākea. Ua, ua komo pū i keia la i ka inoa o kekahi nä känaka 'epekema ikeia a puni ka honua, a me kona manaʻo i loko o nā puke ma ka lawelaweʻike manaʻo!