Spaceports o ko ke ao nei (ma ka papa). Ka mua spaceport

Hawaiʻi nei na kanaka i mau nana aku ai i ka lani, a ua hoihoi i ka mea likeʻole lani kino. Aia ka he moolelo i supposedly huakaʻi i nā kānaka mua i ka lewa mai ka wā kahiko, akā, i ka palapala i loko oʻaʻohe ala hookupaa iho la ia. Akā, i ke ao nei i ua hoano e ka pilihua a me ka olioli ia i ka 1961, he Soviet luna Yuri Gagarin hele i loko o ka lewa ma mua hoi i ka Honua.

Ka mua Launch o ka Soviet spacecraft i hele mai, mai ka malu hale i kapaʻia ka Baikonur Cosmodrome. Ma keia 'atikala, mākou e noʻonoʻo i wale i kapaʻia ka Launch pale, akā, i nui wahi' ē aʻe.

paionia

"Research Hōʻoiaʻiʻo honua" - ia mea i ka inoa lawe i ka papahana, i aponoia e ka General Staff o ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua o ka USSR i ka 1955. Hope keia wahi i kapa ia ka Baikonur cosmodrome.

Keia mea ua aia i loko o ka? Aeineie Oblast ma aneea oneiaey, kokoke i ke kauhale Toretam. he wahi no ma kahi o 6717 sq. ei. A no na makahiki o ka spaceport mua o ko ke ao nei, ua manaoia e lilo i kekahi o nā luna i loko o ka hana i loko o ka helu ana o Ka hoʻomaka 'ana. No ka laʻana, i ka 2015, me ia i kau aku i loko o ka Astronomical 18 Kao lele lako kaua. Kapaia o ka honua no ka manaʻo o ka makahiki OOOXO mai aneea oneiaey hoʻolimalimaʻia ma Rusia a hiki i 2050. E hana i ka hale mai malaila ma kahi o 6 ieeeea? Lūkini rubles no ka makahiki.

I ka nui o ka mahuka

na spaceports a pau o ke ao nei - ka hoku o ke awa, a ua hoomaluia loa akahele, a me Baikonur ma keia manao - mea i koe.

Ke'ī mai, i ka hana o waho awa i ukali pū ma ka hana ana i ka wahahee Baikonur Cosmodrome kokoke i ke kulanakauhale. Kēia tactic Ua hoʻohana 'ia ka manawa o ke Kaua Honua' Elua, ka wā i kūkuluʻia me ka wahahee mhihiʻano hana i nā Airfield koa.

Pili 'ole i loko o ka hana o ka cosmodrome kūkuluʻia battalion koa a me nā luna. Ma pōkole, ka mea, i kekahi maoli mama o ka hana, no ka mea, ka mea hiki ke kūkulu i ka Launch pale no elua makahiki.

Pilikia o keia

I keia la, ke kaʻao Baikonur hele mai i keʻano paʻakikī manawa. Ka wahi ho omaka o ka pilikia hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka 2009, ka wā ia i haʻalele i nā koa, a me ka mea ua nee loa ma lalo o ka mana o ka Pekelala Space oihana i komo. A pau no ka mea, o ka oihana koa spaceport lilo, a hala loa i ka nui nui o ke kālā i i mua anao? Aou no ka aʻo a me ka ikea ai pu me.

O ka holo ana, ke Kao lele lako kaua Launch ukali i lawe i ke kala, akā, i kēia manawa ka keia ua i hana like loa me ka mea hoʻohana i ka, ka wā aku ka rocket i aneane kela hebedoma. Aka hoi, i ka spaceport ua nō 'ike i ke ao nei alakaʻi i loko o ka lewa OOOXO.

Lūkini kanaka nunui

Aka, e noonoo pono i ka Launch ioauoa o ko ke ao nei, ka mea makemake e kaulikeʻole,ʻaʻole e hoʻolohe i nā like mea, kekahi o i kahi ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Russian Hui. E noa ka uea, a ua hoʻopuka kālā i loko o kona kūkuluʻia a me ka ulu ke kālā, e ae aku ia ia e holo, a hōʻike 'ana i ka ai iiiaanoaa o ukali a me nā makahiki he wahi ma ka Honua ka Astronomical.

Plesetsk Cosmodrome - Lūkini pokole, Oahu, Aia 180 ei mai Arkhangelsk. lākou, mea Size 176.200 aa.

Plesetsk cosmodrome i loko o kona Mānoa, he wahi he kūikawā loa ai eiiieaena iao? Iiaie oaoieei eiiieaen, i ua papahana no nā koa e hana i ka pono me ka maluhia hana.

I ka haku mele 'ana o ka cosmodrome kikowaena nui iauaeou:

1. Pono a pau o no ka Launch o ka lawe rockets.
2. Pono a pau o (i aʻo rockets a me nā makahiki he kaa).
3. Iie-koa nunui-ooieoeiiaeuiiai neutralization. C ua kauoha Via kona boosters, boosters.
4. Aneane 1,500 hale a me nā hale.
5. 237 mea hoomaopopo ana a pau o ka cosmodrome ikehu.

Aole loa peku

Kekahi o na Hou Loa spaceport i loko o Rusia ka Hikina, i kahi kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Tsiolkovsky ma ka Amur māhele (ka Hōʻole akula East). Ke awa Ua hoʻohana wale nō no ka sīwila hana.

Ke kukulu ana o ka hale, i lilo ai ia i ka 2012 a me ka 'Imi pu ma kekahi mau palaho scandals, a pepehi iho at ia o ka hana ma muli o ke' ole-uku o ka uku.

Ka mua Launch mai ka Baikonur Hikina i wahi kŘpa nei - April 28, 2016. Ka hoʻomaka 'ae' ia i loko o ka Astronomical ekoluʻimi hoʻopunipuni ukali. Ma keia hihia, ma ke kahua ma ka manawa o ka mea hoʻomaka nā moku halihali mokulele ua ike kino Russian Peresidena Vladimir Putin, a me ka Russian Hope Kuhina Nui Kuhina Dmitry Rogozin a me ke poo o ka Kremlin hooponopono Sergei Ivanov.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka holomua Launch, mai ka Baikonur Hikina i lawe mai i ka lua o ka hoao wale. Initially ka mea, i? Aaony Launch kaa "Soyuz 2.1A" e hoʻomaka April 27, akā, pono i ka minuke, a me ka hapalua mua o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka' akomi hōʻoki aku ia. Alakaʻi Roscosmos wehewehe i ka hana 'ia accidental ole i loko o ka mana'ōnaehana, kūpono ma ka Launch ka hailonaʻana no ka lā.

Papa Inoa o ka papa kuhikuhiE hoonee aku 'ō o ka Honua

Ano, na Launch ioauoa o ke ao nei e like me ke koko, a hiki i ka lā o kona mua orbital Audio Launch (a ho'āʻo), e like me ka pono me ia ma ka helu o ka holomua hoʻomaka '-ae la a me ka hoʻolako' ole. Papa inoa ia e nana me keia:

1. Baikonur.
2. Kumu o ka United States Air Max ma Cape Canaveral.
3. Vandenberg (United States).
4. Wallops.
5. Kapustin Yar (Rusia).
6. Hammaguir (France).
7. Plesetsk (Rusia).
8. Utinoura (Japan).
9. San Marco (Italy).
10. Kennedy Space Center (United States).
11. Woomera (Australia).
12. Kuru (Palani, ka Europa Space 'oihana).
13. Jiuquan (China).
14. Tanegashima (Japan).
15. Satish Dhawan Space Center (India).
16. Xichang (China).
17. Taiyuan (China).
18. Palmachim (Israel).
19. Al-Anbar (Iraq).
20. Free (Rusia).
21. Alcantara (Brazil).
22. Musudan (North Korea).
23. "Sea Launch" (Rusia, USA, Norway, Ukraine).
24. Kēlā (United States).
25. L hoao ai Site (USA).
26. Semnan (Iran).
27. Naro (South Korea).

Ka 'Amelika ka luna

Cape Canaveral (USA) hoʻohana 'ia ma ke koa mai 1949. Ua i laila, i ka poe koa nā kānakaʻenehana hoomaka lākou ia mea ma ka paneʻe Kao lele lako kaua lōʻihi huahelu. Kapa wahi koho mea ole ulia, no ka mea, spaceport ua ke aupuni 'kokoke loa i ka equator, a me keia, ma ka huli, e leie aku oe, e hoʻohana i ka mana o ko mākou Honua ka kuapo no ka rocket hoʻonui. I ka 1957, i ke aupuni hoʻoholo e ho'āla ai i kekahi ukali, o Vanguard TV3. Eia naʻe, no ka ho'āʻoʻana e hoʻokuʻikahi (rocket exploded).

Kela manawa, mai 1958, OOOXO Kao lele lako kaua ua e alakaʻi i ka makahiki 'oihana NASA. Naʻe, i ka olelo Launch paena mea no loko o ka hoʻokomo 'ia' o ka US Keʻena o Pale Kaua. Space Harbor ninoieo o 38 paneʻe kahua, 4 o ka i nā hana.

Palani avant-garde makahiki

Guiana Space Center, pinepine i kapaʻia ka Kourou spaceport (French Guiana), hoʻonohoʻia ma ka hikina ńkau oʻAmelika Hema. Ke kiʻi Ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka 'Akelanika' mokuna ma waena o nā mau kūlanakauhale: Sinnamary a me Kourou. Baikonur ua aia i loko o ka ami hana o ka Europa Space oihana i, a me ka National Center no Space Haʻawina.

Keia wahi hoomaka no ka hoouna mai ka mua manawa he rocket i loko o ka lewa April 9, 1968. He nui e hoailona oukou i ka Launch paena ua ke aupuni 'pono elima haneri kilomika, mai ka Kapikoowāea laina e maximizes holo mokulele ma luna o ka geostationary ka Astronomical o ko mākou Honua. Eia kekahi, i ka Leeuwerikplein kulana o mawaho awa mea ia ia ka hoʻomaka 'huina ka manawa like i 102 degere, akā, i kēia huahelu nunui kŰlń ao ka laulā o trajectories kaʻina kānāwai nā mea i hoʻohana no kekahi mau hana.

I ka laulā o ka Launch pale ka ai kiʻekiʻe i ka mea i o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o na mea he nui hui kālepa nā mea mālama mai, mai na aina: USA, Canada, Japan, Brazil, India, Azerbaijan.

I ka 2015, ka Europa Space oihana i ua hoʻopuka kālā ma € 1,6 ieeeea? I loko o ka modernization o ka aeuiiai ieaia? O ka cosmodrome. Nō hoʻi, nānā 'hewaʻiʻo o nā kulanui o ka maluhia o ka hale. Space Harbor o Nyos i loko o ka wahi i ua densely uhiia me Kapikoowāea rainforest. Ma keia sparsely na kanaka] 'Oihana iho. Eia hou kekahi,ʻaʻole nō he pilikia o ke ahiahi, i ka nawaliwali ana no na olai paha makani pāhili. No ka i kā mākou 'ohana ka palekana, mai mawaho hoouka ma ka spaceport ke aupuni' 3rd Regiment o ka na Aina O Legeona (France).

ami pāhana

Launch anuu "Odyssey" mea, ma ka mea, he nui ka hoʻoponopono-propelled, kalaka nui-submersible catamaran. Ka hale i kūkuluʻia i loko o Norway ma muli o ka aila anuu. I ka haku mele 'ana o ka lawe lima spaceport ho'ākāka' ia ma nā:

• paneʻe pale;
• ke hoʻolana i ka mīkini hoʻonoho;
• wahie iie'ōnaehana a me ka oxidizing Agena;
• wela hoʻoholo'ōnaehana;
• hoomaopopo ana i ka naikokene kahua;
• uwea-kia.

Malina makahiki launcher i nā limahana ma ka nui o 68 kanaka. No ia mau mea, ua kukuluia na wahi e noho ana, he 'inikua-oaio? A me ka lumi wahi.

Ma muli pola i loko o ke awa o Long Beach, Hawaii (USA Komohana Hema). Ma keia wahi o ko lākou paʻa dislocation hanalima pilikua la he hana i hiki ma lalo o kona mau mana, ana i kona ala ma ka pilikia o Gibraltar, ka Suez Canal, a Kēkēmapa.

ka hopena

Mahope au makemake makemake, e hoailona oukou ia ia a pau na spaceports honua i keia la ae manaʻo kanaka e 'Imi hoʻomōhala a makaikai i ka lewa. Me na kahua no ka hoopau ana i na mea maalea ma ka Honua ka Astronomical ua lawe mai he nui kekahi mau hana no sīwila a me ka oihana koa like.