Spaceʻimi loa i ka lewa: makahiki explorers, nä känaka 'epekema, wehe

Space ... One olelo, a pehea kupaianaha i pena e pii ai i mua o kou mau maka! ʻumi tausani o nā galaxies puehu liilii ma ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, no ke kaawale ana, a ma ka mea ia manawa infinitely kokoke, a aloha nō hoʻi, huihui Big a me Little Dipper, ua peacefully aia ma luna o ka nuiʻalihi moana ... i ka papa inoa mea ole. Ma keia 'atikala mākou e nānā i ka mōʻaukala o ka makahikiʻimi loa i ka lewa, a me kekahi mau hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo.

Space noiʻi i loko o ka wā kahiko: i ka wa i nana i na hoku?

Ma ka loa-mamao i hala, kanaka hiki ole, e makaala oukou i ka Honua ma ka a me comets ma na telescopes "Hubble" type. Nā mea wale nō i ka mahalo i ka nani o ka lewa, a hana mai la, noiʻi, he ko lakou mau maka. O ka holo ana, i kekahi mea akā, lā, mahina a me ka hoku, hiki ole ike kanaka "telescopes" (me ke koe o ka comet i ka 1812). Nolaila, kanaka ke wale koho like ia ana i ka nae nana i kēia mau yellow, a keʻokeʻo balloons i loko o ka lani. Akā, i laila, i ka heluna o ka poepoe honua ka oko ao malama ia oe i kekahi 'ia o nā pōʻai mau neʻe ma ka lani, alaila, nalowaleʻana aku o ke kua o ka moana lipolipo, ka hou ia makana. A loaʻa ka mea, i ole a pau hoku i ka ia hana: Ua paʻa kekahi o lakou, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe hoʻololi kona kulana ma luna o ka luna' ala. Nolaila, hoomaka ae la kaʻimi loa i ka lewa nui a mawaho makahiki a me ka mea ua hūnāʻia i loko o laila.

Ka pomaikai nui ma keia kahua i ma ke kahiko o Helene. Ka mea, o ka mea nana i ike mua ia i ka Honua i spherical. i puunaue i ko lakou manao e pili ana i ka Honua i ka kulana pili i ka lā: kekahi kānakaʻepekema i manaoio i ka honua revolves puni o ka lani kino, a me ke koena i manaoio aku i ka mea ku ole (he mau kākoʻo o ka geocentric'ōnaehana o ko ke ao nei). Ma kona manaʻo ma ka mea kahiko Helene i ole e hele mai. A pau kā lākou hana a me ka wā noiʻi i lawe pio ai ma luna o ka pepa, a e hoʻonaniʻia i loko o ka hoonoho me ke kuleana "Almagest". Kona mea kākau a me ka compiler o ka nui kahiko haumāna Ptolemy.

Ke pakebona a me ka make ana o ka manaÿo kahiko o ka lewa

Nikolay Kopernik - ka mea i ole i lohe i keia inoa? Ua i ka mea nana i loko o ka 15th kenekulia i luku i ka erroneous kumumanaʻo o ka geocentric'ōnaehana o ko ke ao nei, a waiho imua lākou iho, heliocentric, ka mea i koi ia o ka Honua revolves puni ka Sun, aʻaʻole hope versa. Medieval hoʻokolokolo, a me ka ekalesia, Eia naʻe, i ole doze. ka mea, e like me ka olelo koke hai heretical, a me na hoohalike o ka Copernican kumumanaʻo hoomaau. Kekahi o kona mau kākoʻo, Giordano Bruno i ke ahi ma ka pahu. Kona inoa i koe ma nā kenekulia, a nō mākou e hoʻomanaʻo o ke nä känaka 'epekema nui me ka mahalo a me ka mahalo.

Ka ulu ana ka uku hoopanee ma ka makahiki

Ma hope o kēia mau hanana, i ka noonoo ana o nā kānakaʻepekema ma ka kilohōkū ua waleʻoi loa. Spaceʻimi loa i ka lewa lilo oi a oi pīhoihoi. Māhunehune hoʻomaka ka 17th kenekulia, ua he mele hou loaʻa ma Kepler noiʻi ike i ka ka Astronomical ma i na hoku a revolve a puni o ka lā,ʻaʻole puni, e like me mamua, manao iho, a me ka elliptical. Ma keia hanana ma ka 'epekema ua hoʻololi dramatically. Ma kekahi, Isaak Nyuton loaaʻi na mechanics, a ua hiki ke wehewehe i nā kānāwai ma i kino neʻe mai.

Ka loaʻa o ka hou Honua ma ka

I ka lā, ua ike no ia i na hoku a ma o ka poe lń i ewalu. A hiki i 2006, i ko lakou helu ua like ia eiwa, akā, ma hope o ka mea hou a aku mai ka wela a me ka malamalama Honua - Pluto - ke hoʻokoe 'ia mai i ka helu o ko kino orbiting mākou lani kino. Kēia i hiki mai ai no ka mea, o kona uuku nui - ke wahi o Rusia wale mea, ua oi ma mua o ka Pluto holoʻokoʻa. He Ua aeia i ke kūlana o ka dwarf Honua.

A hiki i ka 17th kenekulia, kanaka i manaoio e pau hoku a ma o ka poe lń elima. Telescopes i ole i nei, no laila, ka mea, e hookolokoloia mai ai au wale ma luna o ka poʻe ano lani kahi i hiki ke ike i ko lakou mau maka. Ma kela aoao o Saturn a me kona apo o ka hau,ʻepekema i ole i hiki ke ike. Paha, ua nō makemake ua lalau hewa laua ina mea i ole Galileo Galiley. Ua i ka mea nana invented i ka telescope, a kōkua i nā kānakaʻepekema, e hana i kekahi ao o Ű, a ike i ka koena o na ano lani kahi o ka poe lń. Mahalo i ka telescope lilo ike o ke ola o nā mauna a me nā craters ma luna o ka Moon, i ka mahina o Dia, Saturn a me Mars. ¶ A i loko o ka ia Galileo sunspots i loaa. 'Epekema uaʻAʻole pono ke kino, ua lele aku lakou, ma ka lele pūʻana a me ka pale a. A ma ka hoomaka ana o ka iwakalua kenekulia, nä känaka 'epekema ua ike nui, e kūkulu i ka mua spaceship , a hele naʻi i ka starry aouli.

Pehea i ka 'epekema o na cosmos i loko o ka Soviet au

Sovietʻepekema Ua pau keia la nui a puni noiʻi, a ua loaʻa ka pomaikai nui i loko o ke ao o ka kilohōkū a me ka hooulu ana o ka shipbuilding. Eia naʻe, mai ka hoʻomaka o ka 20th kenekulia i Ua oi aku mamua o 50 makahiki ma mua o ka mua kahua ukali e lanakila i ka kūāhewa o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ua hiki i ka 1957. Ka mea i ee aku i loko o ka Soviet Union, mai ka Baikonur Cosmodrome. Ka mua ukali i ole ke alualu i ke kiʻekiʻe hualoaʻa - ka makemake nui o ua, e hiki i ka mahina. Ka mua kūlana kiʻekiʻe no ka laʻimi loa i ka lewa, e pae ma ka Helu ili i ka 1959. A i loko o ka 20th kenekulia ka mea, ua weheia Space Research Institute, i? Ac? Kaumaha 'epekema hana a e discoveries.

Soon ma hope o ka Launch o ka ukali ua lilo commonplace, a aole wale kekahi huakaʻi i kekahi Honua pae i pau ai ana. 'O kēia ka "Apollo" pāhana, a ma ia mau manawa, e like me ka oihana mana, i i ka Americans kau akula ma luna o ka mahina.

International "makahiki lahui"

1961 lilo Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou i loko o ka mōʻaukala o astronautics. Akā, hiki mua, i ka makahiki 1960, ma ka makahiki elua ilio kipa, kapakapa o a ka a pau ao nei i ike: Belka a me Strelka. Ka mea, hoi aku la mai ka lewa unharmed, kaulana, a lilo maoli meʻe.

A ma luna o 'Apelila 12 aʻe makahiki e heʻe i ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa i hele ai a hiki i Yuri Gagarin - i ke kanaka mua iʻaʻa e haʻalele i ka Honua ma luna o ka "Vostok-1".

KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i makemake ole e haawi ala i ka Poʻokela Honua o ka USSR i loko o ka makahiki lāhui, no laila mākou e makemake i ka hoouna aku i kona kanaka i loko o ka lewa mua Gagarin. KaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia poho ma ka ukali Launch: Rusia ke ole e hoʻomaka i ka mīkini no eha mahina mua Amerika. I ka holo i kahi hakahaka explorers i kipa ia makahiki me Valentina Tereshkova a me Alexei Leonov. Hope i hana ke ao nei ka mua spacewalk, a me ka loa nui e piʻi like ana o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia i loko o ka ulu ana o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa i wehe wale i ka astronaut ma orbital mahuka ana.

Akā, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nui e piʻi like ana o ka USSR i loko o ka "makahiki lāhui", Amerika i kekahi,ʻaʻole hoʻi e hala. A me July 16, 1969 i ka spacecraft "Apollo-11", i i lawe i ka lanakila o ka la, oia hoi o ka elima poe akamai, i hemo aku ai i ka Moon ka ili honua. Five lā ma hope, i ka mua kanaka, e kau aku wāwae ma luna o ka ili o ka Honua ka ukali. Kona inoa ua Neil Armstrong.

Ola a make ai?

Owai nō lanakila i ka lāhui kanaka a hiki i ka mahina? Kēia ninau mea ole kiko'ī pane. A me ka Soviet Union, a me ka Amerika Huipuia, hoike mai kona maikaʻiʻaoʻao: ka mea, ua modernized a hou oaoieei-e piʻi like ma mawaho shipbuilding, i na mea he nui hou discoveries i priceless Eia kekahi laʻana o ka Helu ili i i hoounaia mai ai i ka Institute o Space Research. Mahalo iā ia, ka mea i loaʻa i ka Honua ka ukali ua i mai o ke one a me ka pohaku, e like me ka pono me ia ma luna o ka mahina, aohe he lewa. Neil Armstrong ko läkou 'haʻalele oi aku kanaha makahiki aku nei ma ka Helu ili, a ua manawa loaa malaila. Lakou wale i mea e holoiia: mākou hoa ua nele o ka lewa, ka mea,ʻaʻohe makani wai paha. A ina oe e hele i ka mahina, a me ia mea hiki ke haʻalele i kona hoailona ma ka moolelo - nā literally a figuratively.

ka hopena

I ka moolelo o na kanaka ka waiwai a me ka nui, ka mea, mai nā 'he nui wale o ka nui discoveries, kaua, weliweli lanakila a me kŘpuna poho. I ka ulu ana o ka extraterrestrial makahiki a me ke kālā no ka lewa noiʻi lalau ma ka akau mea i ka hope wahi i loko o nā 'aoʻao o ka mōʻaukala. Akā, i kekahi o keia makemake ole i ia ināʻaʻole no kēia mau koa a me ka mea laʻa kanaka e like Herman Titov, Nikolay Kopernik, Yuri Gagarin, Sergei Korolev, Galileo Galilei, Giordano Bruno, a me ka nui, he nui na mea e ae. Pau kēia mau mea nui a pau oko ao poʻokela intellect,? Ac? Nā mea hiki e noiʻi i ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika, he ikaika ano a me ka hao makemake. Mākou i kekahi mea e aʻo mai iā lākou, ua hiki ke aʻo mai kēia mau kānakaʻepekema invaluable ka hoao ana a me ka maikaʻi ano a me kāna moʻolelo. Inā manaʻo kanaka e ho'āʻo e e me ia, me ka puu o ka heluhelu, aʻo, ka holomua 'ana ma ke kula a me ka kulanui, ua hiki, he olelo ia mākou i loaʻa mea no ka hailona o discoveries nui a me ka hohonu ka lewa e koke mai e hoʻokolokolo. A, i na olelo o kekahi kaulana mele ma ka dusty ala o ke kaawale ana kŘhele koe mākou meheu.