Helu, a Nine Inch waiwai o nā bipi kūpaluʻia. Kaniak momona a me ka Nine Inch waiwai

I ka pae o ka nui ke aloha i huiʻia - lipids - pu me steroid a me waxes nā bipi kūpaluʻia. Lākou maʻiʻo ma ke ola aeee papa koa mai ka 5 a hiki i 10% e maloo aeea ke kaumaha. Mau waiwai a nānā aku, ma muli o nā 'ano o ko lākou hakakino' ole, a i Nine Inch waiwai o nā bipi kūpaluʻia. Kemika o ke aloha i huiʻia noʻonoʻo 'ana i kēia mau waiwai, e like me ka huina hoonui o ka esterification naoh ma waena o ka trihydric ka waiʻona glycerol, a kiekie ae kali ole unsaturated carboxylic nāʻakika.

Ma keia 'atikala, mākou e nana ole wale kā lākou hana ma ka hana, a me ka waiwai, akā, no hoi, e loaa i ka momona, a me ka Nine Inch ka waiwai i mea typical o keia ano o ka hui.

Mōʻaukala o ka Kaka

Ke 'ole i ua aʻo i loko o ka hapalua like-19th kenekulia. Palani chemist E. Chevrel enaena ia i ka wai i loko o ke alo o ka mekala 'åkilikai, a me nā huahana i loaʻa i loko o ka naoh o na nā lātoma o momoma nāʻakika a me glycerol. M. Berthelot i ke ku pono naoh: ka wā enaena me ka läÿau, o ka glycerol a me palmitic nāʻakika steorinovoy halawai aloha oia me triglycerides - momona. Ma muli o kēia mau mea, ka mea i manao ai, aole ka? Anoee waiwai no a hiki i ka papa o nā mea kemika. Ke Nine Inch waiwai o nā mea momona, ua hookupaa iho la ia i kēia hopena.

Kona kaikea a - nā mea kemika

E like me ho'āʻo ai ma ka ho okolohua me E. M. Berthelot Chevrel, triglycerides i nā mea kemika o trihydric ka waiʻona glycerol, a kiekie ae monocarboxylic nāʻakika. Momona i loaʻa ka steorinovuyu a palmiticʻakika mea he paa, no kekahi laʻana, pipi, puaa, hipa. He holoholona bipi kūpaluʻia. Inā o ka haku mele 'ana o nā triglycerides nā unsaturated momoma nāʻakika - oleic, linoleic, linolenic - ua kapaia ia wai ke kaikea a mea kāhinu, (pua nānālā, groundnut, linseed).

Nine waiwai o ka momona i ike okoa ia mai nā nā mea kemika ma ka mea ana i ka 'ole o nā nā lātoma i komo i loko o kekahi mauʻano carboxylic nāʻakika.

physical waiwai

Nā maoli a me ka kemikala, e like me margarine, triglycerides i na hiʻona. Pookela mawaena o lakou - hydrophobicity, haahaa mahele heheʻe i ka mahana a me ka haahaa kekahi nuʻa. Ka mea, hoike mai maikaʻi i loko o ke aloha nā'uheheʻe, e laʻa me, benzene, kalapona tetrachloride. A pau i ka momona, i hoopuni kemu porous a fibrous mea. E like me ke kumumanaʻo o Nine Inch 'ole o ke aloha i huiʻia M. Butlerov, physical a me Nine Inch waiwai o nā mea momona, e pili pū ana. E hooiaio ai no keia mea, e hāʻawiʻia ma lalo nei.

Nine reactions triglycerides

Laupaʻi a qualitative haku mele 'ana o ka momona nā lātoma, e like me kona māhele hoʻonohonohoʻia keʻae i ka mea o pili ana i ka papa triglyceride nā mea kemika. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE Nine Inch waiwai - he naoh me ka wai (hydrolysis). Ua hooholo koke ia lŘlŘ ma ke alo o catalysts - mekala 'åkilikai, makanekiuma oxides, kiniki paha kalipuna. Na ia akulla naoh huahana hui o carboxylic nāʻakika a me glycerine. Mai ka naoh mea reversible me ka wai, momona, ka hana e kāinoa ana ma lalo i ka mea, ae hiki i ka hopena - i ke kahua o ka glycerol a me ka luna monocarboxylic nāʻakika. No keia mea, ke kū'ē läÿau, i noke hānai i ka mekala 'åkilikai pāʻoihana a me nā huahana i pololei hookuu mai ka naoh ciia. Mau ki ina hana like ole i ka manawa kūpono o ka hanana o ka aʻe kaʻina, e alakai ana i ke kahua o ka momona. Hydrolysis ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ke aloha hoʻololi kemikala kemika no ka hana ka mea ma luna ona.

Ke naoh o ka mekala 'åkilikai saponification

E hohola aku like ke aloha waiwai - nā mea kemika. Mea momona a me ka Nine Inch ka waiwai a i na poe ma ka hydrolysis naoh, hiki no hoi ke reacted me ka mekala 'åkilikai. Kēia naoh ua kapaia saponification, a me ka mea, ua kue i ke kaʻina hana o ka esterification. Ke kūpono'ākilikai saponification o momomaʻakika a me ka glycerol i malamaia lakou nei, me ka paʻakai kalepona a me ka paʻakai hydroxide. I ka hopena o ke kopa.

Ua mea paa, i ka haʻilula C ₁₇ H ₃₅ COONa kapaia hoʻokele waiwai. Inā i hoʻohuiʻia ia colorants, glycerin, mea hoʻonani he ala e, loaa ka mea hoomaemae. Wai a ke kopa, e like i loaa paa laha 'ina ke kaikea ma ke saponification naoh i ole i hui pūʻia me ka paʻakai hydroxide a me ka potasiuma hydroxide. No ka laʻana, potasiuma palmitate, C ₁₅ H ₃₁ Cook - wai potasiuma soaps. Maka mea no ka saponification naoh i nike momona ae o ka holoholona, a me kaʻai kumu.

Wai i ka momona, - mea kāhinu,

Ua Ua haku o nā lātoma o unsaturated carboxylic nāʻakika nona kaulua paa. Nō hoʻi i ka momona, i synthesized ma na kaha o ka endoplasmic reticulum ma ka hana o nā'ūhū mai glycerol a me ka momoma nāʻakika. A me lakou, ma ka huli, e hanaʻia i loko o ka Kelvin kalapona reactions e hana ana i ka hopena o ke kāʻamaʻai. Ka aila droplets loaa i na anoano, hua, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i loko o ka vegetative māhele o ka mea kanu, a lawelawe like me ka lako hou no ka mahuaola. Physicochemical waiwai o nā mea momona, i hanaʻia e ka mea kanu, ma muli o ia i ke alo i loko o kā lākou nā lātoma papalua pi paa. Ma ka wahi o ka rupture ana hou naoh, no kekahi laʻana, hydrogen nā'ātoma. Ua hiki aku i ke kahua o ka puaʻa hiwa paʻa hydrogenated triglycerides.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o kaʻai i ka momona,

E like me ka olelo mua, triglycerides o kaʻai me Kinohi apo ia i loko o ko lākou haku mele 'ana o ka mea kiekie oia ka unsaturated carboxylicʻakika. Oil hiki ke hoʻokō 'ia ma hydrogenation. Kēia kaʻina ua lawe mai ma lalo hahana maoli nō kēia, a ma ke alo o ka hōʻeleu - particulate nikala.

Ka naoh huahana - paa momona (hydrogenated momona). Kona hoʻohana i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie steorina, glycerol a me ke kopa hana. Inā salomas hui kōpaʻa, ka paakai, ka waiu a me ka ai ana i nā pōpō, laila, kiʻi dietary momona - margarine. I ka pepa ia nā wikamina a me maoli ka waiūpaʻa hoomakaukau ai-kapaia malamalama aila - E lulu aku hoi.

kemikala ke kaikea a

Ka mea, e ho'ēmi ma mua o maoli, a ua kapa hoʻohanohanoʻia lākou maoli triglyceride haku mele 'ana. Kekahi o na kumu nui kumu o kemikala momona - mea ma kona ano maoli, a piliʻaila kā kinoea, e like me ka aila wale. Higher paraffins na i loko o kēia mau maoli nā minelala hao, ua oxidized. I ka hopena o ka kemikala momomaʻakika. Lākou AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka'etolina glycol produces he kemikala momona. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kaʻili hana (no ka fatliquoring o für tahasa a me E hūnā i nā). Ma ka mea hoʻonani hana kemikala triglycerides hoʻohana ma o ka hana o ka 'Ia soaps, holika, lotions. Ma ka hale pono hana hana iʻimi hoʻopunipuni momona ae no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka paleʻana, putties, HW.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o kona kaikea a loaa mai ma kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni mea, ua i okoa mai ka kūlohelohe. Ka mea, i hele mai i loko o ka hydrolysis naoh i loko o ke alo o kaʻakika, a malalo iho o ka mekala 'åkilikai (saponification naoh).

Like triglycerides i hua mai i loko o ke kanaka kino

No ka mea, metabolic reactions kaha ke keena ma ka kino hiki ke synthesized mai loa carbohydrates. Kēia wehewehe i ka mea i na kipi hokii o kaʻai waiwai ma ka pia, a sucrose (palaoa huahana, raiki, uala, ua ouo ia), hiki aku ai i loa kaumaha. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka digestion huahana na bipi kūpaluʻia i loko o ka duodenum a pipili i ka glycerol a me ka momoma nāʻakika. Lākou hydrolysis ia lŘlŘ ma obligatory komo lipase - pancreatic nā'ūhū a me ka bile pee ma ke akepaʻa. Like detergent, bile emulsifies bipi kūpaluʻia, oa, mai hemo mai nui nā lātoma i loko o ke olonā i droplets hoopuni cleavable lipase.

Ke villi o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e synthesized momona nā lātoma i ho'ākāka 'ia no ka mea kanaka kino, a laila ka mea, e paka i loko o ka lymph. Ke lymph moku i ka momona, e komo aku ai i ka halepaahao, a me kā lākou mau loa ua waihoia ma ka subcutaneous momona a me ka aila o ka wepa.

Ke liluwelo kūlana o lipids

Ma o ka Nine Inch waiwai o nā bipi kūpaluʻia, kālele ana ma luna o kā lākou hana i ka pee nui dala o ka ikehu, hoʻokahi gram o ka momona hoʻolako 37,8 kJ o ka ikaika, mai ka piha'okesaside. No ia mea, triglycerides - kona nōhie mai ana. Penei, i ka momona, - e waiwai ai. Ua ua ikeia ia me ka pololei ole a me ka lōʻihi pūnaewele triglycerides "makahiki" me rancid, e loaa i kaʻawaʻawa loa ala. Kēia ia lŘlŘ manawa, e kelepona a me ka aila ma ka lewa ka oxygen. Hoomaka ae la e ka vinega kaʻaila, he mama e ike ina e hookui aku i ka mea potasiuma iodide. Peroxides na i loko o ka huina hoonui, kēia hui ua oxidized e noa ai iodine, i ke kumu no ka uliuli ano ma luna o hui 'ana me pia-i loaʻa' ona.

Bipi kūpaluʻia, ua hoi nui hale i nā puke a me nā wahi o ke kelepona hele membranes a me organelles. mea nui kā lākou kūlana ma ka thermoregulation meaola. No kekahi laʻana, na holoholona e noho ana ma ka nui hohonu kahi o ka wai mahana ka loa haʻahaʻa, i ka luawai ulu subcutaneous ahu iho la ka momona, e laʻa me,'ō koholā ka mea, ke kau i ka mānoanoa o 1.5 m. Animals hehi, wao akua, a kalaka nui-waonahele i loaa i loko o kona kino he lawa nui o ka momona. He mea pono no ia e like me ke kumu o endogenous ka wai, e like me ia ma ka'okesaside o ke kaikea me ka hou i ka ikehu, he nui nui o ka wai. Ia holoholona nā kāmelo, jerboa, shrews.

Lipids pāʻani kūlana nui i loko o ka na nā loko hoʻomalu. Ke kanaka ua pono-ulu aila sila e hoʻopale ai i ka opu, digestive gland o na nā palapū. Ua nui nā loko like me nā puʻupaʻa, pono ia ia i loko o ka papa o ka momona. Me ka oi kaumaha pohō i loko o kekahi kanakaʻaʻa puʻuwai ia kāna e hana ma muli o ka thinning o ka ahu iho la, a mea he nui pathology, ma loko o ka excretory nenoaiu.

High cia o lipids i loko o ke kahua o ka halepaahao membranes. A me carbohydrates a me nā polokina, ka mea hana i nā papa me ka mosaic 'ole. I huiʻia o nā bipi kūpaluʻia i nā polokina kapaia lipoproteins. Ka mea, i ka mea e wae permeability o ka halepaahao membranes.

Kēia 'atikala hookolokolo aku la ia i ka Nine Inch haku mele' ana a me ka waiwai o nā bipi kūpaluʻia, e like me kā lākou palapala noi ma ka hana.