Ano he kumu hoʻohālike no kāna hana e lawelawe. 'ano o ke kue ana

An integral hapa o ke kālā no ke kaiāulu nō ka nohona kaua i loko o nā mea a pau kona 'ano. 'O kekahi o onei, ua halawai mai'ō a'ō, e hoʻomaka ana me ka liʻiliʻi o Herodia, a pau lahui confrontation. A no ia mau hopena o kekahi o kēia mau confrontations - Islamic fundamentalism - ua noʻonoʻo ma ka pālākiō o kekahi o ko ke ao nei i ka nui pilikia, i kona palena me ka make māinoino o ke Kaua Honua III. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike haʻawina i loko o ke kula o ka i Kekahi Mau 'o ke kaua e like me ka kaiapili-manaʻoʻike kŰia i ia mea i lawa ka laulā a me ka luna' manaʻo e loiloi i kona uniquely luku kuanaʻike.

I ka manaʻo o ke kue ana

Ka loa, he pono ole ma ka 'epekema ike i manaoia e e mau hoʻokokoke mai ai i ke ano o ke kaua (AntsupovʻAe). Ka mua Ho'ākāka 'i ke kaua me ka clash o ka aoao, he manao la noʻu a me koa; lua - i hookui ku pono ana i keia oihana, pahu hopu, pomaikai a me nā manaʻo paha i AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. Ke'ī mai, ma ka hihia mua manaoia examples o kāna hana e lawelawe lehulehu nā loina 'ia i loko o nā Animated a me ka mea ola' ano. I ka lua o ka hihia he mea he kue plurilateral pūʻulu o kanaka. Pela kekahi kaua kikowaena kekahi laina AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o kanaka (a me nā pūʻulu o kanaka) i hoʻomōhala i loko o antagonism.

'Ole a me ka specificity o ka kaua

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ke kaua noho 'ana ma mau humanities noʻonoʻo L. Coser. Kekahi o na pono o kona kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻomaopopo pono e loaʻa nā examples o kāna hana e lawelawe o maikaʻi ooieoeiiaeuiiai waiwai. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, Coser ua kūkākūkāʻia i ka kaua mea e mau loa ana me he luku kŰia - he mau hihia wahi, he mea nui ia no ka hana ana o na loulou o ka kekahi kahua, a no ka mālama 'ana i ka lawelawe kū pūʻuoʻuo.

'Ole e kue palapala i komo (mau hoa paio kueʻaoʻao), a me kā lākou mau hana, he kumuhana ano / kahua o ke kue (no ka hoʻohālike - e hoea i ka lehulehu amo), a me kona hoʻokūkū. Ke kumuhana o ka kaua ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka pono o na aoao ohana, a no ka manao o ka i mea he paio. Collectively ka mea, hiki ke Hoʻohui 'i loko o ekolu nui nā pūʻulu: physical, kaiapili (kūlana-a Mānoa) a me ka uhane. 'ōhumu mai me ka kekahi a me kekahi mea nui no ke kanaka (s) nele hiki ke ike me na kumu o ke kaua.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike no kāna hana e lawelawe typology

Pehea NV Grishina memo i loko o ka maʻamau o ike paka ana i kāna hana e lawelawe examples nā loa he ākea huahelu o ka hanana - mai na puali kaua a me ka confrontation ma waena o kekahi pōʻai pūʻulu, a mai i ka Launa Male discord. Ua hana ole ia mea, ina paha ia mea i ka hoopaapaa ana i loko o ka hale kanawai, a me ka paio ana o ka makemake. I kēia lā naukoznanii ke loaʻa i ka nui helu o okoa Mea Maluna, a me i mōakāka differentiation ma waena o ka manaÿo o ka "ano" a me ka "? Ueony" o kāna hana e lawelawe. pinepine ano he kumu hoʻohālike no nā pūʻulu i hoʻohana like synonyms. Ia manawa, i loko o ko makou manao, e aho e līkaia no ka papa kuhikuhiE, ao ke ano ekolu i ka typology o kāna hana e lawelawe:

• 'ano o kāna hana e lawelawe;
• 'ano o kāna hana e lawelawe;
• ano o ke kaua.

ʻO kēia lākiō mua o ka loa akea ma ka buke. ʻano kēlā me kēia e komo i loko o kekahi mauʻano o kāna hana e lawelawe, a, ma ka huli, hiki ke lawe wahi i loko o kekahi palapala a me kekahi.

Ano a me kāna hana

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o kāna hana e lawelawe e like penei:

• intrapersonal (intrapersonal);
• interpersonal (interpersonal);
• intergroup;
• e kue ana ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka pae.

Penei, i ke kākauʻana i loko o keia hihia mea ma luna o kanaka (lala) o ke kaua. I ka huli interpersonal, intergroup o onei a me kāna hana e lawelawe ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka pūʻulu i examples o lawelawe i kāna hana. Ka mua nohona kue, a me ka intrapersonal a me ka zookonfliktom, kaukahi, no na mai like heʻano kaawale o Kelemānia sociologist Georg Simmel. Ma kekahi hou nā manaÿo o intrapersonal kaua ka mea, ua i hui pū i loko o ka manaʻo o ka nohona, a, nae, o ka debatable wahi.

Mawaena o ka nui kumu o ka lawelawe kue i mahaloia e līkaia no i kaupalena 'waiwai, oko kanaka o nā loina a me nā semantic pōʻaiapili i loko, oko ao ma ke ola ka hoao ana a me ka demeanor, i ka hoʻokau' o kekahi mau hiʻona o ke kanaka psyche, a me na mea e ae.

intrapersonal kaua

Ua hoʻohuʻu subjectively ua hoano e misalignment o kekahi LIKE i loko o ka ike paka i ko ke kanaka (ka loiloi 'ana, kino i ka, pomaikai, a no laila, ma luna o. D.), Interacting ana me kekahi i kekahi i loko o ka ulu ana kaʻina (Mitin lm Kuzmenkova OV). Ma na olelo e ae, ia mea he hookui hookahe koko ana motivational kekahi me ka ho okumu, i hiki ole ke māʻona (ike) ka poʻe. No ka laʻana, he kanaka hiki ole aloha i kou hana, akā, makau iho la lakou e waiho no ka mea, o ka ka manaʻolana 'ia o ka i koeʻaʻole loaʻaʻoihana. A keiki i ke hoowalewaleia ia e noho e makou i ka papa, a ma ka mea hookahi manawa makau i ka hoopaiia no ka mea, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Ma hoʻi, i kēia 'ano o ka e kue hiki ia i ke kēia mau ano (AntsupovʻAe, Shipilov AI):

• ways ( "I makemake" a me ka "makemake");
• kue o lawa ponoʻole ka hoʻoponopono-ʻia ( "I hiki" a "e hiki");
• kūlana-ka hoʻokani ( "e" a "e");
• kue Kekūhaupiʻo makemake ( "I makemake" a me ka "I");
• pono ( "I makemake" a me ka "pono");
• ka hoʻololiʻana ( "pono", "e hiki").

Penei, keia Mea Maluna distinguishes ekolu papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou kanaka 'ole, collide i kekahi i kekahi: "I makemake e" (I makemake), "I i" (ka mea, e ia) a me "I au" (I). Inā mākou e hoohalike ai i kēia manaʻo me ka kekahi kanaka 'ole, hoʻomohalaʻia Sigmund Freud ma psychoanalysis, ua hiki ke mālama i ka kaua Eid (makemake), Ego (I) a me ka superego (pono). ¶ A i loko o keia hihia ia mea? Oaiua e hoole i ka transactional Ka Ikepili Erika Berna a anao? Aou ia i ekolu kulana o ke kanaka: keiki (nele), nā mākua (I), makua (ia mea e pono).

interpersonal kaua

Kēiaʻano lŘlŘ i loko o ka hihia o ka pāonioni a me kāna hana e lawelawe ma waena o ke kanaka. Mawaena o na hiʻona mea hiki ke kaulana ia mea, i wahi ma luna o ka " 'aneʻi, a e" hiki e nā Pahuhopu a me ka pilikino kumu, i pono, e like me ka rula, wehewehe aku ma kiʻekiʻe loka komo. Interpersonalʻano i hiki ke maheleia i hoʻokaʻawaleʻano o kāna hana e lawelawe.

No ka laʻana, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hōʻike 'ana i ka pilina o ka subordination ma waena o na aoao elua, interpersonal pāonioni hiki ke maheleia i "vertical" pāonioni, "papamoe," a me ka "diagonal". Ma ka hihia mua mākou i Hana me ka subordinate pilina, no ka mea hoike, i ke poo o ka - he limahana, he kumu - haumāna. Ka lua o ka hihia ia lŘlŘ ka wā o nā 'aoʻao a hiki i ke kaua ma luna o ka like wawae eha a me ka mea e malama ana i kekahi i kekahi - .. Makeke-poe hana, noho male, ana malaila, kanaka ma ka laina, etc. diagonal kāna hana i ala mai ma waena o kou mau hoa paio a pau e noho ana maʻauhau'ēʻaʻe subordination - ma waena o ke Alii hana, a ma luna-hana hapa ma waena o ka papa kiʻekiʻe loa, a 'o Junior etc. i. (ka wā i komo i ma kekahi pae kulana, akā, subordinate i ka mahalo aole no i kekahi i kekahi).

Interpersonal pāonioni ke komo i loko o ke ike i na manawa i hookui ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka ua? Iecaianoaaiiuo 'ole o ka laha' e like me ka 'ohana (Launa Male, makua-keiki e kue ana ma waena o nā hoahānau a me na kaikuahine o) ka, ka hale, ka mea kaua i loko o ka hoʻolālā (i laʻana o kaʻaha hui kaua ma waena o kona nāʻoihana i loko oʻoneki AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN), a me kekahi poe e ae.

intergroup kue

No ka intergroup kue i mahaloia ai i ka hookui hookahe koko ana ma waena o nā kanaka o kekahi pōʻai nā pūʻulu (nui, ka poe liilii, a me ka meakino-pepa paia), e like me ma waena o kēia mau pūʻulu me ka a pau. Ma keia hihia i hiki ke kālā līkaia no ka ia palapala e like me ka mea kaua i loko o ka hoʻolālā, hale (ka wā o nā kaua ke komo pū kekahi mau elele o ka elua a oi pūʻulu (examples waena hana a me ka hooponopono, hooponopono a me ka hoao ana, nā haumāna a me nā kumu, etc..) - no ka laʻana i kulanakauhale n iaainoaoeii neo, ma ka huli, lehulehu amo, a no laila, ma luna o. d.).

E hiki no hoi koho i kēia mau laʻana o kāna hana e lawelawe pōʻai ma ka waena o-pae pae like kūwaho hoʻi, intercultural a me ka hoʻomana. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mauʻano o ka uhi ka laula nāʻoihana o ka heluna kanaka, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka nui loa o ka manawa. Eia hou, na koho? Ueo i i ka crossover külana. A hoʻokaʻawale waeʻano i hoʻonohonoho 'o onei (examples o a mākou mau ike ma ke kūkala nūhou), a me ma waena o nā Huiia kanaka a me kā lākou mau coalitions.

Ke kaua ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka pae

Kēiaʻano i olelo ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka hihia ma ka hookahi kanaka i loko o ka pūʻulu ole ai ia e hana e like me ka i komo i koe, pela hōʻike nonconformist kolohe. Ina e hoomaikai aku ia i hana i kekahi hana, a ua manaoia e e unacceptable e hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o oukou paio ana i loko o ka hui. Me lakou i mea hoike, i ka hiʻona ho film hiki ke hana Roland Bykov "hoʻokomo akula" (1983), ai ka papa kuhikuhiE ano, Lena Bessoltseva mea i kue i ka papa. No hoi ma ko laʻana o ka hana i loko o ka hui Nonconformist e hoʻonāukiuki kue Ua lono kaumaha hopena Italian poe akeakamai Giordano Bruno.

ano o ke kue ana

Kēia waeʻano hoʻohuʻu i kekahi specificity o ka hana e hana i ke kaua. Mawaena o ke kumu o pepa i loko i ka manawa kūpono o ka hanana o ke kaua, e ka mea eia (Samsonova N. V.): hoopaapaa ana (ka hoopaapaa) koi ana, o ka hoohewaia ana, 'auʻa laulā, hahau, sabotage, hahau, hainā (hainā), lalani, hoʻoweliweli, ka inaina, encroachment , coercion, lele aku la i, kaua (kālai'āina o onei). Ano he kumu hoʻohālike hihia a me ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa hiki ke loaʻa pū i loko o nā kaiaulu iao, i hookahi manawa hou proves ka manawa kūpono o constructive kaua.

No ka mea, a pau ano o kāna hana e lawelawe, e hiki ke noonoo i ka papa kuhikuhiEʻimi naʻauao hoʻokokoke mai ekolu:

• ways;
• situational;
• cognitive.

motivational kokoke

Ma hua'ōlelo o kēia kokoke loa i kahi, i ka manaʻoe hōʻeha o ka kekahi kanaka pūʻulu paha mea ma luna o nā mea a pau i ka manaʻo o kona na pilikia. No ka laʻana, me Freud wahi autogruppovaya manaʻoe hōʻeha mea inevitable ano no kekahi i waena o-hui AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, ka paʻa. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o keia manaʻoe hōʻeha - he mea no ka malama ana kūloko ma kumupaʻa, a kū pūʻuoʻuo o ka pae. A kūikawā wahi ma kēia hihia noho ma kāna hana e lawelawe pili aupuni. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kahua o ka fascist neʻeʻana i loko o Kelemania, a Italy (i ka manaʻo o nā hui pili koko superiority), e like me ka pono me ia ma ka moolelo o ka paio ku e "enemi o na kanaka" i loko o ka wā o ko Stalin ka repressions. Freud pili i ke kahuaʻano papa hana autogruppovoy manaʻoe hōʻeha i "haole" i ka Oedipus luna ', ka instinct o aggression a me ka' ehaʻeha o ka hōʻoiaʻana i ka luna o ka pae -, Ka "makua", etc. Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka pono hiki ole ke manaoia na kūʻiʻo me he constructive kaua. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike nā hui pili koko a me ka nuipa a weliweli, nae, maopopo iho la i maopopo ai ka manawa kūpono o rallying na lala o kekahi pae ma confrontation me ka 'ē aʻe.

Ke aggressiveness o kaʻimi naʻauao manaʻo o ka 'Amelika psychologist Leonard Berkowitz me kekahi o na ki aʻe o ka intergroup kāna hana e lawelawe i loko o ke aloha pili deprivation. Ia mea i kekahi o nā pūʻulu loiloi i kā lākou wahi i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka hou keakea i nā hana i like me nā pūʻulu. Ma keia deprivation ka pili ana, e like me ka mea keakea manao i ka ike maopopo i ole e pololei.

situational kokoke

Kēia hoʻokokoke Ua hoʻomōhala ma mawaho aʻe, ke kahua e kauoha ana i ka hanana a me ka specificity o ke kaua. Ke'ī mai, ma ka Turkish psychologist Muzaffer Sheriff ka haʻawina i loaʻa i ua nui hoemiia ka manaʻoe hōʻeha o kekahi pae e ku ei kekahi ina, kahi o ka hoʻok & 'ia ka mea, e hoomakaukau me ka olelo no ke alu like' (ka mea pono e hoʻokō mau hana i loko i ka neʻeʻana hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea like me ka hooikaika ana o nā mea a pau i komo). Ke'ī mai, i ka Makai Nui loaa i na kumumea o ke kulana, ma a ka pūʻulu me ka launa pū, i kuleana i ka hoomaopopo ana i ka Free a hoʻok & ano o ka intergroup AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN.

cognitive kokoke

Ma keia hihia, ke kākauʻana mea ma luna o ka Hoʻohaku kūlana o cognitive (ka noʻonoʻo ') nenoai komo i loko o ke kaua i kekahi i kekahi. No laila, i loko o ke kahua o ke kue intergroup manaʻoe hōʻeha o kekahi pae e ku ei kekahi mea i pono, kena ae la ia e ka Pahuhopu kaua o ka pono (i ka mea i koi ia ma kaʻoia iʻo pähola 'o kāna hana e lawelawe i loko o ka? Aieao o ka situational hoʻokokoke). Alaila, i Free / hoʻok & ano o ke kulana i he kuleana ololi i loko o ka intergroup a me ka interpersonal hana kūleʻa, a ike i kona pae napoo ana no hoi. Ma o lakou iho, i ka pono Pahuhopu mea e hoʻonā i kāna hana e lawelawe ma waena o ia nei hoa paio - ka mea hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke kahua o ka lawelawe kino i ka i hoohui i ka pae a me ka haawi i ka lanakila i ko lakou kū'ē.

Tedzhfel Turner a hoʻomohala i ka kumumanaʻo o ka lawelawe paha, ka ', ai kue ma waena o nā pūʻulu mea,ʻaʻole he pono no o ka lawelawe hewa (like motivational hoʻokokoke). ʻalo me keia hewa, kanaka i ka manawa e koho i ka lanakila ia kekahi 'ole' ē aʻe aoao.

Conflictological moʻomeheu o ke kanaka

Nānā 'ole o ka ina he mau hoʻonohonoho' o onei, examples o i i loa maopopo i hōʻike luku kue hana aoao; ole paha mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka nīnūnē hakakā ma waena o nā nā hoapili e loa nui ka mea i ka mea maikaʻi loa ala mai. I ka hiki ana o ka mea e keʻakeʻa i aoao e huli i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai i loko o ka pilikia e kue kulana, eʻuʻumi iho i ko lakou mau luku hana, e nānā i ka hiki ka manaʻolana 'ia o ka hou ke alu like me kēia mau hoa paio - a pau o kēia mau kumumea i ke ki i ka hiki' ano hoʻokūkū. I ka Ia manawa,ʻaʻohe mea pehea nui i ka huina o ka lehulehu kulekele, waiwai, Hawaiʻi a me ka loio'ōnaehana i loko o ke kaiāulu, ka kêia kanaka o keia au i kekahi mau manaʻo kanaka. E like me ka muliwai hoʻomaka mai ka mea uuku kahawai.

Ua mea e pili ana conflictological Hawaiʻi pono'ī. Like manaʻo nā ka hiki a me ka makemake o ke kanaka a hiki i ka Kāohiʻana a me ka hooholo ana i ka lawelawe i kāna hana (Samsonova N. V.). Ma keia hihia ia mea? Oaiua e hoole i ka manaʻo o "constructive kaua". Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka papa o onei (e manao ana i ko lakou hoʻokala aku hoʻi, a he ākea ano) hōʻike nō ia o, e, i ka wa e kaawale aku o kekahi constructive kaua AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN. Ma keia manao, pono e noonoo ole wale, aʻaʻole no ka nui loa e like me kekahi o nā kūlana no e pono ai ke olelo hooholo o ka hoopaapaa i loko o ke kaiāulu i ka manaʻo o conflictological moʻomeheu paha, ka ', akā, i like nui he ololi o ka socialization o kela kēia kanaka.