St. Michael ka hoailona: hōʻike, mōʻaukala, manao, frescoes a me mosaics

St. Michael ka hoailona, ka makahiapo noho hemolele o Kiev, ka loaʻa o ka nani luakini eiiieaena kūkulu i loko o ka inoa o ka luna'ānela Michael, i ka haipule o ke kulanakauhale. Ma waho aʻeo i ke kanalua noʻeau a me ka kuhikuhipuʻuone hana maikai o ka Hale Pule Nui, kona peculiarity mea ia ia i ka mea mua i loko o Rusia luakini Dome ua kapa komo iā ia me ke gula. Ua haawi mai la i ka inoa a hiki i ka pau hoailona luna '.

Hale Pule Nui, i kukulu ia e Prince Svyatopolk

Ua i i ka manaoio i ka hana ana o ka hoailona ua pili i ka inoa o Kauhalenui o Kiev, Mikhail, he koʻikoʻi haipule kii o ka X kenekulia. Naʻe, i ka hana o ka mea kaulana gula-na¯ haʻawina Hale Pule Nui hoomaka wale ke kenekulia ma hope, i ka noho alii ana o Prince Svyatopolka Izyaslavicha. I bapetizoia, oia i Pani 'ōlelo' o ka Mikaʻela, a me ke kukulu ana o ka ekalesia i ka hoailona o kona mahalo i ka mea haahaa haawi mai ai maluna iho ona i ka lani haipule.

Kukuluia haipule luna, i ka Hale Pule Nui e paʻa ano nui i wahi i loko o ke ola o na makaainana, e like me Kiev i ma lalo o ka lani patronage o Arhangela Mihaila. He ole coincidence St. Michael ka Golden-na¯ haʻawina hoailona, ma ka laulā o ana i ua i ka lala, mai ka XII kenekulia lilo i ka ilina o nā aliʻiʻohana o nā kānaka. Ua i kekahi ano o ka pantheon, depicting ma luna o lākou tombstones he nui manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Kievan Rus.

First gula Dome i loko o Rusia

I ka 1108 i ka nui hanana hiki i loko o ke ola ana o ka hoailona: mai ka Byzantine kapikala i hoolilo ia ia Constantinople kea laa, o St. Barbara, a lilo iho la ia i ke kumu nui ahu o ka hoailona. A hiki i keia manawa noiʻi kaila, a ma ka manawa o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone mooolelo o ka papakaukau, Dome o ka hanau ana o ka hou. Church o St. Arhangela Mihaila i ka mea mua i loko o Rusia, ma na nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone i hoʻokō i kēia HOU.

Kaua o Tatars a me Polish mana

Seriously loli i ka hopena o ka hoailona i ke kaua ana o na poʻe komohewa. Iwaena o lakou, i ka poino nui a hiki i ka hoailona kena mau poʻe a pau o Tatars lanakila Kiev i ka 1482. Ka mea i luku ai i na mea he nui na hale i loko o ka hoailona, a luku iho la ia priceless kia hoʻomanaʻo i o Old Lūkini pena a me ke kākau 'ana.

A lohe o St. Michael ka hoailona, pu me ka Kiev holoʻokoʻa, haule iho la ia ma lalo o ka mana o ka Polish na'lii, hu ae la konaʻo Samuel i haawi mai i ka pono e koho na kaao a me ka hoʻolako kuokoa mai ecclesiastical mana o metropolitans a me ākeʻakeʻa kumu alii kiaaina. Ua alakaʻi i kona ulu ana, a, e like me ka palapala mōʻaukala o ke au, a hiki i ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia, i ka hoailona i ka mea nui a me ka richest haipule konu o Kiev.

kaua Uniates

Hoike aku i ka hana keaka hanana o St. Michael ka hoailona, i lilo ai i loko o ke kakahiaka XVII kenekulia, i ka wa a ke Alii o Poland i haawi mai ia ia i wahi e noho ai o ka Uniate - poeikohoia o ka Helene Hui Church, ua ho'āʻo e halii mai i kona aoao ma ka hema a me ka hema-komohana wahi o Rusia.

Ko lakou hoao mai ana e hopu i ka aina a pau a hiki i ka hoailona, a waiho akulaʻo ia i hoopau ai i ka Cossacks ma na mea kaua, ka poe kokua i ko lakou poe kupuna 'na luakini.

Koko i hookahe ole defenders noho ihola i loko o makehewa. Mahalo i ko lakou ikaika hoailona i holo ma ka Orthodox Ekalesia, a ua kiʻekiʻe ia Kauhalenui kona'Abota Ioba Boretsky. Haʻalele, e noho i loko o nā paia o ka hoailona, ka mea, ua pela me ka nui loa, a mahuahua nui kona kūlana, hana no na makahiki paʻa noho o ka Kauhalenui.

Events XVII-XVIII kenekulia

ʻO kekahi mea nui ke kahua ma ka ola o ka hoailona, i lilo ai i ka 1654, ka wā ua i ka pilina o Kiev a me kona mau paha panalāʻau e noho ana i ka Lūkini moku'āina. I loko nō o ka mea i Michael ka hoailona lilo kekahi hapa o kona aina aina, a ua lilo i ka waiwai o ka mokuaina, ke poho ua oi ma mua o compensated me ka hetman, a me ka Cossack luna, unsubscribe noho mōneka nui mau mea, aia i loko o ka hema-pali Ukraine. E hoʻomaka ana mai ka 1800 ai ka hoailona ua i ka noho ana o ka Vicar o ka Kyiv Diocese.

Iloko o ka XVII-XVIII kenekulia ka holoʻokoʻa luna 'o ka hale i undergone he nui ka kūkuluʻana i loko o keʻano o ia manawa i ka Baroque kaila. E like me ka hopena o na hana o ka poʻe kahiko, oi mālama '-Mongol ekalesia komo i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka luna'ānela Michael St. Michael ka hoailona. Mai ka mea, he wale o ka apse kuahu, koena o nā pā, a me he kikowaena Dome. Ua uku ia i kahiko mosaics a me frescoes e hoonani i ka paia o ka luakini pakahi noonoo. Mea e maona ai aʻo ma ke akamai moʻolelo, ka mea, i mai no hoi ia i hooakea ai a hoʻihoʻi.

Hoomanao ana i ka mālama '-hoʻokahuli aupuni mōʻaukala o ka hoailona,ʻaʻole e hōʻike ia no a hiki i ka hoailona i kūkulu kokoke Kiev, a me ka mea kokoke i kona eponymous hale mōneka, unuhi' ia ma 1712 ma ka lepa. Keia hoailona hemolele i hoʻokumu i loko o ka hanohano o ka haipule haipule o ke kūlanakauhale - Arhangela Mihaila.

I ka make ana o ka Hale Pule Nui i ka Soviet wā

None o ka Tartars, aole hoi ma na lanakila St. Michael ka hoailona i ole hoinoinoiaʻe pela irreparable ka pōʻino, nā mai kona mau kanaka i heluʻia ma ka Soviet manawa atheistic huhu. I ka wā o ka Ukrainian kapikala Ua hoʻoneʻe mai Kharkov ia Kiev, a i ka puu o ka lewa no ka hana o ka oihana hale, i ka republican Aupuni kauoha e wāwahi i ka Hale Pule Nui kahiko.

I loko nō ko lākou aʻo nō nā mea a pau e hoola i ka nō, mai ka lukuia'na mai o nā hana kahiko hē, i loko o 1934-1936, i ka hana ma luna o kona wehewehe'iako i laweia mai. Mosaics a me frescoes o St. Michael ka Golden-na¯ haʻawina hoailona Hale Pule Nui i hapa 'ia' ola. Ka mea, ua, ua hoʻoikaika ma luna o ke kumu o ka hou, a waiho i loko o ka St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui, aia ma ka waenakonu o Kiev.

Orthodox na luakini, a ua lilo iau'āpana

E hoola i ka mosaic mural "Eucharist" i, e kūkulu i loko o exhibition keʻena o St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui pā pōhaku, e like paʻi i ka outlines o ke keʻena kapu, apse Michael Church. Other koena ai o mosaics a me frescoes me loko o ka hoiliili ana o Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha ma Moscow, Leningrad a me Kiev.

Iloko o ka German hana o na mosaics a me frescoes hoʻonaniʻia ka St. Michael ka hoailona, i laweʻia ka mea, i Germany. Ma hope o ke kaua, hoi aku la lakou i ko kakou aupuni, akā,ʻaʻole i nā kapa o ka Dnieper, a me ka Hale i hoiliili ole i loko o nā kūlanakauhale. Ke kea laa, o St. Barbara, no na kenekulia, o ke kumu nui ahu ana o ka hoailona, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o na sixties i kanu ia ma ka Vladimir Hale Pule Nui ma Kiev. Ke mosaic kiʻi o St. Michael ka hoailona hiki ke ike ia ma Moscow, Leningrad a me Novgorod.

It E e olelo loa kaumaha mea. Ka manao, e kūkulu i aoeaiiai caaiey e ma ka wahi ma mua i ka papa kuhikuhiE Hale Pule Nui o St. Michael ka hoailona, i loa hoʻokō. Luku i ka loa waiwai kia o kahiko luakini kuhikuhipuʻuone, i ka mana i koe i loko o kona wahi i wasteland loko o ka Soviet wā hoike lākou barbaric e pili ana i kā lākou mau mōʻaukala.

pohala ahu

Hou ma ka hopena o nineties ma ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Yu Lissitzky, i inaugurated ka luakini ma May 30, 1999. Ua hoi aku la na mea he nui 'ikamu o ka mua mea hoʻonani, hale kūʻai mai i ia manawa ma ka aina o ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha a me ka hoʻonaniʻia pediment kope o ka wa kahiko kiʻi kaula Arhangela Mihaila.

Ke belfry, recreated e like me ka mea kahiko kiʻi, i kekahi laekahi wahine mea kani - he carillon. Me ke kōkua o nā 'oihana hoʻokani pila i hana luna' uhane haku mele 'ana.