State hōʻailona o Rusia: mōʻaukala a me ka manaʻo o

Ma Rusia, e like me ia ma kekahi'ē aʻe aupuni, he mea ekolu kūhelu hōʻailona: i ka hae, a me ka höʻailona o mele. A pau o ia i hana i ka hopena o na mea he nui mōʻaukala somersaults. Evolution o ka Lūkini moku'āina hōʻailona controversial a me ka eventful. Pinepine, hou pāʻoihana radically kue i ka mea kahiko kekahi. I mau, me ka hooulu ana o ka lahui heraldry hiki ke maheleia i ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ke aliʻi (aliʻi), Soviet a me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia.

hae o Rusia

Hoikehonua, Russian moku'āina hōʻailona hoʻomaka me ka hae. Mau huinahń loa keʻokeʻo-uliuli-ula hae mea maʻa i kela noho ana o ka aina. Ua Ua 'āpono' kŘpa nei: i ka 1993. Nui hanana mai ai ma luna o ka Ewa o ka hookamaia ana o ke Kumukanawai o ka hou moku'āina. Ma keia hihia, oiai kona ola ana, he aupuni Rusia, he mau hae. Ke koho mua o ia i loko o 1991-1993. Aia nō nāʻokoʻa ma waena o nā wale nōʻelua o ka ninau mele. Flag o 1991-1993. i ka lākiō o ka 2: 1 (loa a me ka laula) a Ua wehewehe aku me he keʻokeʻo-ula-azure, a me kona hope i loaa mai i ka lākiō o ka 2: 3 a me ke kānāwai nō i hōʻike i keʻokeʻo, uliuli a me ka ulaula.

I kēia mau lā ka Russian moku'āina hōʻailona ka mea,ʻaʻole i hanaʻia mai ka kūikawā. No ka laʻana, ka Tri-ʻano hae o na makaainana i hoomaka ai e hoʻohana i rallies i kahili ae i ka USSR i loko o ka hopena o 1980s - i kakahiaka nui 1990s. Akā,ʻo ka He kokekau wale lā hiki ole ke kapaia ke kumu o ka muli o ka nui aupuni hōʻailona.

Petero ka lole

No ka mea manawa mua i hoala mai ai i ka tricolor i ka 1693. Lole o Makoa ma luna o ka moku o Peter I. Ma hou i na mea paa ekolu i hele ma ka mau-hina aeto. No laila, no ka mea mua manawa ole wale keʻokeʻo, uliuli a me kaʻulaʻula koho waihoʻoluʻu, akā, i ka Lūkini moku'āina hōʻailona halawai i hoʻohana. Flag o Petero I ola ai i ka keia lā. Ano ka mea, ua waiho ia ma ka Central mokukaua Museum. Kēia wahi ua i wae mai ma ka iho. Ma kana mau palapala, autocrat kapa hae hoʻolauna ia "kai." Ua hoopakele, no ka haku mele 'ana tricolor Ua ikaika me ka'auwaʻa pili.

Ka ua Peter A. lilo i ka mea nāna i hana o Andrew ka hae. Saltire attributable pili i ka crucifixion Andreya Pervozvannogo, mea he hōʻailona o ka'auwaʻa manawa kēia. No laila, i loko o ko makou aina intricately intertwined koa a me ka moku'āina hōʻailona o Rusia. Like no ka mea keʻokeʻo-uliuli-ula hae, ka imperial au ia i lilo i ka competitor nui.

Black-yellow-keʻokeʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu

Ka mua 'ike e pili ana i kaʻeleʻele-yellow-keʻokeʻo hae no a hiki i ke au Anny Ioannovny (1730.). Kēia o ka hoihoi i loko o ka like hae mai ai ma hope o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua ku e Napoleon kona wā i lilo akea kēia pūʻulu ma ka aiiia.

Ma lalo ma Rotehama I, keia koho waihoʻoluʻu ua lilo i mea mahaloia, aole wale i loko o ka pūʻali koa, akā, i kivila. Eia hoi, i ka kūhelu kūlana o kaʻeleʻele-yellow-keʻokeʻo hae ua i ka makahiki 1858. Tsar Alexander II palapala i kauoha aku e like me i keia panel ua like ia imperial hehi ihola au iā dute, a mai laila, maoli hele mai e e hoʻohana i ke aupuni ia? Aiina. No laila, i kekahi hoailona inā e Lūkini moku'āina hōʻailona.

imperial hae

Hoʻolahaʻia ke kānāwai 1858 imperial hae hoomaka ae la e e ia wahi i loko o ka kūhelu hōʻike, hang, parades, ma kahi o ke aupuni hale. Black kala like 'ole o ka pili a hiki i ka hehi ihola au iā duteʻeleʻele kaulua-hina aeto. Yellow mau aʻa, ka launa pū i ka Byzantine heraldry. White i ka waihoʻoluʻu Georgiya Pobedonostsa, ke ao pauʻole a me ka maemae.

E like me ka olelo hooholo o ka kūikawā halawai o heraldic i ka 1896 me ka Lūkini ke aupuni, a ua ike iho la o Petero i ka mua hae. Ka poni ana o Rotehama II, ka mālama 'ia i loko o kekahi mau mahina, e like me ke keʻokeʻo, a me ka uliuli ulaula waihoʻoluʻu. Naʻe, i ka lole melemele a me ka eleele hoomau iho la oia i e mahaloia ma ka lāhui kanaka (no ka mea hoike, i ka Black haneri). I keia la, i ka hae o ka XIX kenekulia kuhikuhi me ka Lūkini nationalists a me ka Romanov au pili.

ka Soviet au

A pau 3 moku'āina hōʻailona o Rusia ola makou mahope o ka Soviet au, oiai i i loa kahili ae aku i nā manaʻo kahiko, a poina. Ma hope o 1917, nā Lūkini hae ma lalo o ka Mai de facto pāpā. Ua haawi ia Kanawai kaua i houʻano: na waihoʻoluʻu i e pili me ka keʻokeʻo a me ka hemahema hoi Anati-Soviet neʻeʻana.

Russian moku'āina hōʻailona i hoʻohanaʻia e na hoa o ka Soviet Union, e makemake ai e kuapo i ka aina paha, ka 'i loko naʻe o ka papa ideology. Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War ka keʻokeʻo-uliuli-ula hae i hoʻohana Vlasov (me St. Andrew ka hae - kekahi'ē aʻe collaborators). Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, i ka wa ia i manawa no ka'opi o ka Soviet Union, ka Lūkini hookahi manawa hou hoʻomanaʻo o Petero i ka hae. Momentous i loko o keia ano i mau lā o ka August coup. Ma 'Aukake 1991, mau hoa o ka coup massively hoʻohana i ke keʻokeʻo-uliuli-ula waihoʻoluʻu. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka coup i hoʻohui pū i aponoia ma ka pekelala kiʻekiʻe.

Ma ka Soviet Union i loko o nā makahiki 1924-1991. Ua Ua kauoha aku noʻonoʻo i kaʻulaʻula hae me ka hāmare a me ka pahikakiwi. RSFSR laua i kona iho 'ike mark. Ma 1918-1954 GG. ka mea, ua he ula hae me ka "RSFSR" palapalaia maluna penei. A laila, i ka palapala nalowale. Ma 1954-1991 GG. ula panel hoʻohana i ka pahikakiwi, he hāmare, he hoku, a me ka uliuli ka paopaoʻana ma ka lima hema lihi.

papalua aeto

Me ke kapa ana o na mea kaua, a koa mōʻaukala o ka moku'āina hōʻailona o Rusia makemake e kāpili. Kona kēia mana apono ia i ka 1993. Ke kumu o ka haku mele 'ana - i ka mau-hina aeto. Ka pale kaua depicted Georgiy Pobedonosets pepehi ana i na nahesa (deragona). Mau'ē aʻe i koi 'kailaʻae - orb a me ka koʻokoʻo aliʻi. Ka oihana höʻailona o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia mea kākau - People ka Artist o ka Lūkini Hui Evgeniy Uhnalev. I kona unuhi ana i ua hoʻoʻuluʻulu manaʻo i nā manaʻo i i hookomo i loko o kekahi o ka'āina o ka moolelo o ka aina.

Hōʻailona o ka moku'āina ka mana i loko o Rusia pinepine hoole aku paha i kekahi i kekahi. Pela, i loko o 1992-1993. kūhelu höʻailona o ua he kiʻi o ka hamare a me ka pahikakiwi ma ka lei o ka pepeiao. Ma keia pōkole wā, ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ka mea, ua hoʻohana like me ka hoailona ana i keia, a me ka mea i i hoʻohana hou i loko o ka RSFSR.

aliʻi Print

Kapa o na mea kaua, e like me nā moku'āina, a koa hoʻi o Rusia he hohonu mōʻaukala kumu ae. Ka mea, waiho i loko o nā lā kakahiaka o aliʻi mana. Mau loea, i kapa i ka höʻailona o mua o medieval kiʻi i hoʻohana ma o ka wepa. Moscow na luna a hiki i kēia hopena kokoke i ka silhouettes o ko lākou Kalikiano intercessors.

I ka 1497 ma ka Lūkini heraldry ae, ikea alai aeto. Kona mua i loko o kā lākou ahakanaka noi i ka Luna Nui Prince Ivan Iii. He ka hoomaopopo i ka nui o ka moku'āina hōʻailona o Rusia. Ke aupuni o ka mōʻaukala i ua pili loa ua hoʻopili i ka Orthodox Byzantine aupuni a pau. Ka mea, ua ka Helene i Emperor, Ivan III, a lawe aie i ka mythical manu. Me keia lima kolohe 'ana, ka mea' aloʻahia ia Rusia - hope a hiki i ka nei hoopoho iho i loko o oblivion Byzantium.

Ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Lūkini aupuni a pau

Ke kapa ana o na mea kaua o ka Russian aupuni a ua ole kūpaʻa. He Ua loli na manawa he nui, a ke kiʻekiʻe o lilo oi a oi pilikia. Romanovsky höʻailona o embodies ka nui hiʻona i maopopo i ke kahiko Lūkini moku'āina hōʻailona. Ka moolelo o ka "maturation" o ka hoailona ua pili i ka mea i waiwai ai ia kenekoa o ke aupuni a pau. Ma ka unuhi aku la ia i kekahiʻeleʻele papalua-hinaʻaeto me ka manawa houʻuʻuku nā pale kaua, personifying pili aupuni o Kazan, Astrakhan, Polish, a pela aku ...

Ke ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka haku mele 'ana o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua alakai aku i ka hoʻokumu i ka 1882 oʻekolu wale nō o kēia aupuni hōʻailona: Small, meakino a me ka nui. A laila, heʻaeto lā, e like me ke kālā no, loaa i ke koʻokoʻo aliʻi a me ka orb. Other pepeiaohao nui hiʻona i: Georgiy Pobedonosets, i ka mahiole o Alexander Nevsky kiʻi'ānela Gabriel a me Michael. Ke Kii kau inoa ulaula "Sh Us Bog!". I ka makahiki 1992, i ke Kumukanawai Komisina i aponoia i ka hei ana o na imperialʻeleʻele aeto like me ka Russian Hui höʻailona o. Ke manaʻo Ua i hoʻomaopopo ma muli o ia ka nele koho ana i loko o ka Aha Soviet.

Hammer, pahikakiwi a me ka hoku

ʻO wai ka mea hele mai i ka mana ma hope o ke kipi, ka Bolsheviks aponoia ka Soviet kapa ana o na mea kaua i loko o 1923. Kona mau helehelena i ole hoʻololi i a ka'opi o ka USSR. ʻO wale HOU i ka hou o ka houʻulaʻula leki, a e like me ka helu o ka Union Republics i kākau 'ōlelo o ka leo kahea, "He hana o nā'āina, hui pu iho la!". I ka 1923, he 6, 1956 - ua 15. Ma mua o ka hui ana o ka Lituania SSR ma RSFSR leki, ua hiki 16.

Ke kumu o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua i ke kiʻi o ka hamare a me ka pahikakiwi ma ka lā, a ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka poepoe honua. Ua Ua ka honua ma na kihi haku mele pepeiao, a puni i ka pii leki mau hulu makua slogan. Central lalo o ia i ka palapala ma ka Russian. Ka luna o ke kapa ana o na mea kaua i kau elima-kuhikuhi mai la lakou hoku. Ke kiʻi i kona mau ideologicalʻano like me ka koena o ka moku'āina hōʻailona o Rusia. Ke kumukuai o ka huahelu i ike ai i nā kanaka o ka aina - ka Soviet Union i ka ikaika o ka proletariat a me ko na kauwa ahahui nā hualoaʻa a kipaku.

Russian National mele

Official moku'āina hōʻailona o Rusia, me ka manaʻo nui, a me ka mōʻaukala 'ē aʻe, ao ke ano o ko lākou study' epekema heraldry. Eia naʻe, ma ka hou ana i ka hae, a me ka kapa ana o na mea kaua kiʻi, he mea no hoi i ke aupuni mele. Me he mea hiki ole ke hoi i noonoo ai i kekahi moku'āina. Hoikehonua, Russian mele - i ka hooilina a hiki i ka Soviet aupuni mele. Ua Ua apono ia i ka 2000. 'O kēia ka "muli loa" moku'āina hōʻailona o Rusia.

Ka mea kākau Ke mele mele - i ka haku mele, a People ka Artist o ka USSR Alexander Alexandrov. Ka hoʻoikaika i kākauʻia e ia i loko o 1939. 60 makahiki ma hope hooholoia no ka mea, i ka State Duma, hele i ka bila Russian Peresidena Vladimir Putin e pili ana i ka hou lahui mele.

Kekahi hitch mai ai ka wā i maopopo ai i ke kikokikona. Poem no ka mea Soviet mele kakau iho la oia i ka haku mele Sergei Mikhalkov. Ma ka hopena, he kūikawā Komisina i hookama kona hou hoʻokolohua o ka ia kikokikona. Ma keia hihia, e noonoo pono i ka palapala noi a pau kona poʻe kānaka.

"E ola ka Tsar!"

Ka mua Russian moku'āina mele i loko o ka mau ano o ka olelo i ke mele "E ola ka Tsar." Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka 1833-1917 biennium. Ke initiator o ke ano o ka imperial mele ua Nikolai I. I kona hele ana ma Europa, oia mau loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ka awkward kulana home 'ole Hawaiian Orchestra hoʻokipa aina pâʻani' o ia wale iho Lau Makani. Rusia me kona "alo i ke mele" hiki ole kaena. Ka Mō'ī kauoha i kaʻinoʻino kulana e hooponopono.

Music no ke mele o ke aupuni a pau i kākau haku mele, a alakaʻi mele Aleksey Lvov. I ka mea kākau o ka kikokikona ua i ka haku mele Vasily Zhukovsky. Me ka Hekikai o Soviet mana imperial mele Ua oki aku la no ka manawa lōʻihi ole wale o ka waiwai akā, i ka hoomanao ana o ka miliona o kanaka. No ka mea manawa mua ma hope o ka lōʻihi wanaao ae, "E ola ka Tsar" pâʻani 'o ia i loko o "ka malie Don" hiʻona ho film i ka 1958.

"Ka Internationale" a me ke mele o ka USSR

A 1943 ka Soviet aupuni me kona aupuni mele, a hoʻohana i nā hoʻonohonoho 'proletarian "Ka Internationale". Ma lalo o kēia keʻoli ua revolutionizing ma lalo o ia i loko o ke Kanawai War, ke Army Red hele aku la i ka hana. Ke palapala kikokikona i kākauʻia e ka Palani anarchist Ezhenom Pote. Hana iʻikeʻia i loko o 1871 i ka fateful lā o ka Socialist neʻeʻana i waiho wale aku no i ka'opi o ka Paris kamaʻilio.

17 makahiki ma hope, Pierre Degeyter Fleming, palapala iho la i ka kikokikona Pottier mele. Ka hopena o ka Classic, "Ka Internationale". I loko o Russian mele kikokikona Ua unuhi Arkady Kotsem. I ka hua o kāna hana i loko o puka i ka 1902. "Ka Internationale" Ua hoʻohana me he Soviet lahui mele i kekahi manawa, i ka wa e nō eia aʻe o ka honua kipi i ka Bolsheviks. Kēia i ke au o ka Communist International a me ka hanaia'na hoi o Communist aeee i loko o nā lāhui.

Me ka hoouka kaua o ke Kaua Honua II, Stalin hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻololi i ka ideological manaʻo. He i i makemake i ke ao nei kipi, akā, ka mea i hele e kūkulu i ka hou nui centralized aupuni a pau, hoopuniia e na ukali. Hoʻololi realities koi kekahi mele. I ka 1943, o ka "International" Ua haawi aku ai i ka hou keʻoli (Alexandrov) a me ka kikokikona (Mikhalkov).

"Patriotic Song"

Ma 1990-2000 GG. ma ke kūlana o ka Lūkini aupuni mele koe "Patriotic Song", i kākauʻia e ka haku mele Mihailom Glinkoy i kakahiaka nui me makahiki 1833. Paradoxical mea iʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka oihana kūlana o keʻoli i ole lilo i ka ike kikokikona. No ka mea, o keia, ke aupuni mele i hana me ka hua'ōlelo. I ka wa e kaawale aku ana o ka maopopo kikokikona i kekahi o na kumu no ka hope o ko Glinka ka Melodies Melody Alexandrova.