Strontium 90: ka hapalua o ke ola. Strontium - radionuclide

I ka makahiki 1787, ma kahi kokoke i ka moku'o Scottish ma Strontian, ma kahi'oihana mining mine, ua'ike'ia kahi mineral'ike'ole'ia a hiki i kēlā manawa. No ka hanohano o ke kauhale, ua kapa'ia'o strontianite. A ua hā'awi'ia ka inoa o ke kōmike kōmiu o strontium e nā'epekema no ka hanohano o kēia minera. He aha kona mau waiwai, ma mua o kēia mea waiwai e ho'ohana ai'ole e weliweli paha?

'O ka ha'awina mua o ka strontium

Ma hope o ka'ike'ana o nā strontianite, ua ho'oholo nā mea'epekema i kēia mineral i nā'ano like'ole. Ua mana'o kekahi po'e he mau mea ma'amau, a'o kekahi po'e i mana'o'ia e ka po'e Witherites. Eia na'e,'o kahi mālamalama iki ma hope loa o kēia mea i ho'olauna'ia e ke kāpena kilokilo'o T. Hop. I kēlā manawa,'a'ole i'ike'ia aia ka waiwai i lalo o ka ho'ona'auao'ana i hiki ke loa'a ka hapalua o ke ola. 'O Strontius kekahi mea i a'o'ia no ka chemist A. Lavoisier, a me Humphry Davy. 'O kahi ha'awina nui i ka'ike'ia'ana o kēia mea i hana'ia e ka mea'epekema Lūkia'o Toby Lovitz. 'O ia, me ka nānā'ole i kona mau hoahana o ke Komohana, ua'ike'o ia i ke komo'ana o kēia mea kila i loko o ka hae.

Ke'ano o ka mana'o. He aha ka ka hapa-ola?

Ua'ike nā kānaka a pau i kēia lā,'o ka radionuclide ka mea i kapa'ia he isotopes radioactive. He aha ka ka hapa-ola? 'O nā Radionuclides he'ano'ē a'e i nā mea'ē a'e i ka pa'a'ole o kā lākou mau kino. Ma ka manawa lō'ihi, e palaha ana lākou - aia kahi hana o ka palaho hanahana. I loko o kēia ka'ina hana, ua ho'ololi'ia ka nuclei i nā mokupuni'ē a'e, a ke kau'ia nei nā kukuna uila. 'O nā radionuclides'ano'ē a'e he'ano like'ole ka loli. He mau wāwae pōkole a lō'ihi. Kūle'a loa ka pōkole: lawe'ia kekona, nā lā, a me nā mahina. Makemake nā kānaka ola lō'ihi i nā haneli, nā tausani, a i kekahi mau manawa piliona makahiki. No ka nui o nā isotopes i lawe'ia, i mea e uha'i ai i ka hapalua o kona waiwai, lawe'ia kekahi manawa o ka manawa - ua kapa'ia'o ia ka hapa o ke ola.

He aha ka hapalua o ke ola o strontium-90?

E like me ka'ike'ia,'o nā radionuclides a me nā isotopes he mau mea'oi loa ia no ka olakino. No ka strontium,'a'ohe mea pilikia i nā kānaka. Akā, hiki i nā pūpū radioactive ke ho'opau i nā ola a pau. 'O ke kumu o ka hopena o strontium - strontium-90 - he mea weliweli'o ia ka hapalua o ke ola. Pa'i ka Strontium-90 i loko o 29 mau makahiki, a ke hele pū nei kēia hana me ka ho'oku'u'ia o ka nui o ka radiation. Hiki i kēia māhele ke hiki i ka ho'okomo koke'ana i nā kikola o nā meaola ola a i ho'okomo'ia.

Nā kūlana o strontium

I ka lewa, hana wikiwiki ka strontium me ka wai, i uhi'ia me kahi ki'i'ōma'oma'o kaumele. Ma loko o kona'oko'a puka'ole kēia mea komo i loko o ke'ano. 'O kona mau pūnaewele nui loa i Russia, Arizona, Kaleponi (USA). 'O ka Strontium he mea ma'alahi - he ma'alahi ke'oki'oki me kahi pahi'oi. Akā, he 768 ° C kona mau mea hehe'e. 'O nā loli,'o ia ho'i nā strontium, ho'ohana'ia i nā pyrotechnics. A ke ho'ohana'ia nei ho'i kēia māhele e hoihoi ai i ka uranium.

'O ka komo'ana o strontium i loko o nā meaola ola

Ma muli o kona mau kinona, ua like loa ka strontium me ka punahele ma'amau -'o kēia mea ke'ano like kona analog. Ho'opomo koke'ia'o Strontium-90 i loko o nā iwi iwi, nā niho, a me nā wai. Ma ka pau'ana o kēia māhele, ho'okumu'ia ke kaikamahine isotope yttrium-90, he'ano hapa iki kona ola. 'A'ole hiki ke ho'ohālikelike'ia ka Strontium ma kēia māhele me ka yttrium-90, i hā'ule i loko o nā hola he 64 wale nō.

Yttrium-90 hiki ke ho'oku'u i nā particle beta. Ho'opili koke'o ia i ka iwi o ka iwi a me ka momona o ka iwi, he mea ma'alahi loa ia. Ma lalo o ka mana o ka ikaika o ka'ōlohelohe ma kekahi'ōpū ola, ho'ololi'ia nā ho'ololi kūlohelohe ko'iko'i. Ke ho'ololi'ia ka ho'ololi'ana o ka pūnaewele,'o ke'ano o nā pūnaewele kekahi i ho'opilikia nui'ia, e hiki ai i kahi loli o ka hana'ana. No laila,'o ka nīnau o ka hapalua o ke kōlani 90'ole he mea ho'onele. I ka pae hope loa, hiki kēia'ili i ke kanesa o ka ma'i (leukemia) a me nā iwi. A ua hiki iā ia ke ho'oikaika i ka ho'ohui'ana i ka DNA a me nā genetics.

'O ka māmā o ka ho'olaha'ana ma ka'ano

Ho'onui'ia ke kōpū me ka strontium-90 i loko o ka manawa pōkole, no ka mea, he hapa iki ke ola. 'O ka Strontium, i hana'ia ma hope o ka pō'ino anthropogenic, ke lawe'ia ma waena o ka pō'ai ola mea'ai, no ka mea e komo ana i ka'āina a me ka wai. 'O ka isotope hiki ke komo i loko o ka'ōpala hanu o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka. Mai ka lepo, ke komo wikiwiki ka 90 kapua'i i loko o ke kino o nā holoholona, nā mea kanu, a laila i loko o ke kino o nā kānaka e lawe i nā mea i kāpae'ia. Eia hou, 'a'ole hiki i ka isotope ke hahau wale i kahi kiko'ī, akā ho'olaha i nā pilikia i kāna mau keiki. Ho'ohuli'ia'o Strontium-90 i ka waiū o ka makuahine i kahi keiki.

'O kēia pu'ukū e hana i kahi māhele i ka hana o ka mea kanu. I loko o ia mau mea,'o ka waiwai mai ka lepo mai i ke a'a. 'O kahi nui o nā strontium ka ulu'ana o kēlā'ano meaola like'ole me ka legumes, nā hua a'a a me nā'ano kōpura. Ma ke kino o ke kanaka, ulu nui ka strontium ma ka pūpū. Me ka makahiki, ua emi iho ka nui o ke ko'iko'i strontium. I loko o nā kāne, nui ka nui o ka isotope ma mua o nā wāhine.

'O nā isotopes weliweli loa

Me ka ceium-137, strontium-90 kekahi o nā mea'eha weliweli loa a me nā mana e ola wikiwiki. 'O ka Strontium-90 pinepine pinepine i loko o ke kaiapuni kahi hopena o nā pōpilikia ma nā pūnaewele mana honua, a me nā ho'olālā karika. Hiki ke pilikia ka pilikia ma ka'ike'ana he mea pa'akikī ka hiki'ana o kēia pu'upu'u i ka ho'oholo'ana i nā'ano lepo. 'A'ole e like me ka ceium, ka mea e ma'alahi i ka'ikepili gamma, kahi lō'ihi e pono ai e ho'oholo i ka helu o ka strontium-90 ma ka lepo.

I loko o ia'ano noi'i, ho'omo'o ka po'e'epekema i ka lepo a i'ole nā huahana mahiai ma ke'ano kūikawā, a laila hiki ke'ōlelo ho'okahi inā he strontium kēia ma kahi hi'ohi'ona. 'A'ohe kūpono kēia'ano i ka wā e pono ai e hō'ike i ka nui o kahi isotope e ho'ohana'ia e ke kino kanaka. No kēlā'ano hō'ailona'ike Belarusian scientists i hana i ka pāpale mahiole ma'amau e kākau nei i ka radiation beta.

'O kahi strontium-90 hapa

'O ka lō'ihi loa o ko lākou mau waiwai ma kēia'ano,'o ia nā metale ceium-137 a me ke strontium-90. 'O ka hapalua o ke ola o 30 mau makahiki he ceium-137. Me nā pō'ino ho'onāukiuki, ua ho'okumu'ia kēia mau mea'elua i ka helu nui loa o nā pilikia. Mana'o'ia ma ka hopena nui o ka pilikia o Chernobyl, he nui ka hewa o ka pūnepi gamma-actua ma mua o ka strontium. Ma ka no'ono'o o ka hapalua o kēia mau mea, hiki iā mākou ke'ōlelo he pono e lawe'ia ma kahi o'eono haneli mau makahiki ma mua o ka hiki'ole'ana o kēia mau moku e noho ma ke ka Chernobyl.

Nā'ano o ka isotope hapalua o ke ola

No kēlā me kēia pu'upu'u'ōpiopio,'o ka hapa o ke ola ua maopopo loa. 'O Strontium-90 he 28 mau makahiki. Akā na'e,'a'ole ia he'ano o ka pau'ana o kona mau mana ma hope o 56 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi,'o ka helu mua o ka isotope'a'ole ia he kuleana. I ka wā o ka palaha, hiki ke loli i kekahi o ke strontium, e lilo i mau māmā māmā. Inā'o ka hapalua o ka strontium radioactive he 28 mau makahiki, eia ke'ano o kēia.

Ma hope o kēia manawa, e ho'omau'ia ka hapalua o ka kumu mua o ka isotope. 'Oiai ma hope iho o nā makahiki he 28 - he hapahā a pēlā aku. Ke ho'ololi'ia nei e hiki i ka strontium ke ho'ohaumia i ka'āina no nā makahiki he nui. 'O kekahi o nā'epekema e ho'opili nei i kēia helu, e hō'ike ana he 29 makahiki ka hapalua o ke ola o strontium. Ma kēia manawa, e koe ana ka hapalua o ka waiwai, akā, ua lawa kēia i ka ho'olaha'ana o ka strontium ma mua a'e o ka pōpilikia.