Uranium mea he Nine Inch hehee ai: mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o nukelea fission a me ka naoh

I ka 'atikala e haʻi ana i ka wā i kēia Nine Inch hehee ai i ike i uranium, a ma ka hana i kēia manawa ka hoʻohana i kēia waiwai.

Uranium - he Nine Inch hehee ai i loko o ka ikehu a me ka koa hana

Ma nā manawa a ho'āʻo kanaka e huli i kekahi kiʻekiʻe-ikehu, a me ka maikaʻi loa - e hana i kekahi ai-kapaia mau noi mīkini. Eia naʻe, no ka hikiʻole o kona ola theoretically ai, a kākoʻo i loko o ka XIX kenekulia, akā, epekema nae aole nalowale manao e hoʻomaopopo i ka moe o kekahi ano o ka mea e makemake e hiki ke hoopuka aku i ka nui helu o ka ikehu "maemae" no ka lōʻihi loa manawa.

Keia ua kekahi kauoha aku e hoʻomaopopo i ka loaʻa mai o ka waiwai e like me uranium. A Nine Inch hehee ai me ka hāʻawi inoa i ke kumu no ka hooulu ana o nukelea reactors, i lawe hou i ikehu no ke kulanakauhale a pau, mokuluu, Polar moku, a no laila, ma luna o. Oiaio, o ka "maemae" kā lākou ikehu hiki ole ke kapa, akā, i loko o nā makahiki, he nui poʻe e ulu ana no ka mau kuai olelo hoopomaikai "nukelea iuo aaoa?" Ma ke kumu o ka tritium - ka mea, i ole e neʻe māhele, a ua pakele no ola ka mea.

Naʻe, i loko o kēia 'atikala e kālailai mākou i loko o au mamuli o ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o ka Nine Inch hehee ai kapa uranium fission naoh a me konaʻanoʻano,ʻaʻole.

ka wehewehena

Uranium - Nine Inch hehee ai e loaʻa he'ātoma helu 92 ma ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina. Nukelea mana o kona kaumaha, he 238,029. Ua Kû ka hōʻailona U. Under maʻamau ana, o ke anuanu, kaumaha metala kala. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i kona radioactivity, ka uranium ia iho - hehee ai me ka nawaliwali radioactivity. No hoi, ka mea, 'aʻole i loaʻa i loko o kona haku mele' ana loa lio isotopes. A me ka loa i ka pilina paʻa o ka? Ueony kālaiōewe uranium-338 ua noʻonoʻo pono.

I mea o ka mea kūpono ai ka hehee ai, ua kii mai, a me ka manawa e nana i ka moolelo o kona loaʻa.

moʻolelo

Oia ka waiwai, e like me maoli uranium'okesaside, ike ia kanaka mai ka wā kahiko, a hoʻohana 'ia i kona kahiko haku no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o glazes, i uhi likeʻole Pottery moku no ka wai ia'ku a me nā huahana, e like me kā lākou mea hoʻonani.

An nui lā i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o keia Nine Inch hehee ai lilo 1789. Ua i laila he chemist, a me ka Kelemānia-hanau Martin Klaproth ua hiki ke kiʻi i ka mua metalloobrazny uranium. A o kona inoa ua he hou hehee ai i loko o ka hanohano o ka puka ewalu makahiki aku nei i ka Honua.

Ua aneane 50 makahiki i loaa mai, oiai uranium i noʻonoʻo i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maemae, nae, i ka 1840 o ka Palani chemist Eugene-Peligot Melkor ua hiki ke hooiaio i na mea i loaa ma ka Klaproth, eia nae kupono mawaho hoailona,ʻaʻole mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me ka uranium'okesaside. A iki ma hope, a pau ka oia ua oiaio Peligot uranium - he loa kaumaha loa metala poʻo. Ka mea, ua laila, no ka manawa mua, a me ka'ātoma kaumaha o ka waiwai ka manao i uranium. Nine hehee ai Ua waiho Dmitri Mendeleev ma kona kaulana papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu o nā kumumea i loko o 1874, a me Mendeleev papalua ka'ātoma kaumaha o ka waiwai palua ia. Ka mea, ua wale nō ma hope o 12 makahiki o empirically maopopo ua nui chemist ua i kuhihewa i loko o kā lākou mau ho.

radioactivity

Akā,ʻo maoli hoihoi i loko o kēia ākea hapa o ka 'epekema kaiāulu hoomaka i ka 1896, ka wā Becquerelʻike i ka uranium kī ana kukuna, a i kapaia ma hope o kaʻImi Loa - Becquerel kukuna. Hope, kekahi o nā kānakaʻepekema loa kaulana i loko o kēia wahi - Mariya Kyuri, kapaʻia kēia kŰia o ka radioactivity.

ʻO kekahi mea nui lā i loko o ke ao o ka uranium ua manaoia e ia i loko o 1899: ka mea, ua laila i Rutherford ikeia ia uranium pāhawewe mea iʻaʻahu, a ua maheleia i mau ano - Alpha a me ka Hoʻokolohua kukuna. A makahiki ma hope, weheia Pol Villar (Viyyar) a me ke kolu, me ka hope, ua ike no i ka lā 'ano o ka pāhawewe - ka ai-kapaia gamma kukuna.

ʻEhiku mau makahiki ma hope, i ka 1906, Rutherford ka nānā 'ana i kona pähola' o radioactivity alakaʻi i ka ho okolohua mua, i ka manao o ka mea i ai i ka hoʻoholo 'ana i ka makahiki o ka likeʻole nā minelala hao. Kēia mau haʻawina Ua kau ke kumu, a me ka ho okumu ana o ka kumumanaʻo o ka hana o ka radiocarbon Ka Ikepili.

Fission o ka uranium

Akā, paha ka overriding hamama, ma i i Ua kaiāulu uranium hoʻouku a me ka mīkini wili pōhaku i loko o nā sīwila a me koa manao paa - o ke kaʻina hana o ka nukelea fission o ka uranium. Ua hiki i ka 1938, ua lawe aku i ka loaʻa mai koa o Kelemānia physicists Otto Gana, a Fritz Strassmann. Hope i hoopaa keia pähola 'ma ka' epekema hana o kekahi mau Kelemānia physicists.

Keʻano papa hana i loaa ia ia ua like penei: ina ka Kernel irradiated uranium-235 kālaiōewe neutron, laila, hoʻopaʻa hoʻi i ka noa neutron, e hoʻomaka e puunaue. A, e like me mākou a pau e ike, i kēia kaʻina ua pu ma ka alahula mau dala o ka ikehu. Keia ia lŘlŘʻano nui ma muli o ia o ka ikehu kinetic o ka pāhawewe, nucleus koena ai. No laila, ano, ua ike pono oe i ka fission o ka uranium.

I ka loaʻa o kēiaʻano papa hana a me kona hopena, a me ka mea i ka ho omaka no ka hana o ka uranium i loko o ka sīwila a me koa mau hana.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i kona hoʻohana no ka oihana koa hana, no ka manawa mua i ke kumumanaʻo e hiki hana i ka olelo no ia i ke kaʻina hana, e like me ke ana naoh o ka uranium fission (like i ke olonā wāwae o ka nukelea pōkā pahū koi weliweli ikehu), hoao e Soviet physicists Zeldovich a me Khariton. Akā, ma ka mea e ho okumu ia kekahi naoh, pono e lako i ka uranium, e like me ia ma kona mau moku'āina o ka makemake ka waiwai ka mea, aole ia e noho.

Me ka mōʻaukala o keia hehee ai mākou i heluhelu, mākou i kēia manawa dismantled, kahi āna i noi.

Ka hoʻohana a me ka 'ano o ka uranium isotopes

Ma hope o ka loaʻa o ia ke kaʻina hana, e like me ka naoh o ka uranium fission kaula, hoomaka ae la physicists e ninau aku i kahi e hana ia?

Currently, loaʻa nō ka papa kuhikuhiE wahi mau ma ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka uranium isotopes. He maluhia (a me ka ikehu) ka hana a me ke koa. Ua ka mua a me ka lua o ka hoʻohana i ka naoh o nukelea fission o ka uranium-235 kālaiōewe, oko a wale nō i loko o ka auoiaea mana. Aloha i, i loko o ka nukelea mīkini'ātoma mea,ʻaʻole e pono ke hana, a kākoʻo i kēia kaʻina me ka mea ia nona iho i mea e pono ai no ka hooko ana mai i ka Naita o ka nukelea pōkā pahū.

No laila, he mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE na hana e hoʻohana i ka uranium fission naoh.

Akā, noho i ka kālaiōewe uranium-235 - mea paʻakikī loa, a he nui ke kumukuaiʻanoʻenehana pilikia, a i na aupuni hiki ke hoolawaia ma ke kūkulu aaioee mea kanu. No ka laʻana, no ka iwakalua na tona o ka uranium i wahie, ai ka maʻiʻo o ka uranium 235 kālaiōewe e ia ma waena o 3-5%, ka mea pono oi ma mua o 153 tona o ka waiwai maoli, "maka" uranium.

uranium-238 kālaiōewe uaʻano nui hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana noaia o nukelea lako kaua, e hoomahuahua i kona nona iho. No hoi, ka wā e ka hopuʻia he neutron hahai ma ke kaʻina hana o ka Hoʻokolohua hoʻopöʻino 'ia o kēia kālaiōewe hiki e ho'ōla e hoohuli ia lakou, i loko o plutonium-239 - he na wahie no ka hapanui o ka i keia la ka nukelea reactors.

I loko nō o nā hewa a pau o ia mau reactors (kiʻekiʻe waiwai e lilo aku, ka manaʻo pohihihi o ka malama, i ka pilikia o ka ulia), kā lākou hana uku no ka iho loa koke, a me ka ikehu ka mea, paka mea launaʻole oi aku ma mua o ka panina thermal a ieie-.

Nō hoʻi, i ka uranium fission naoh ua 'ae' ia hoʻomōhala nukelea mea kaua o ka nuipa a ka make. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka ikaika, kŘpa a olelo hoopomaikai, a i ka mea hiki ke hana hou'āina uala pono no kanaka e noho ai. Eia naʻe, i loko o kēia nukelea mea kaua i hoʻohana plutonium, aole i ka uranium.

depleted uranium

Aia ua ua depleted no hoi ia i ke ano o ka uranium. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka loa haʻahaʻa pae o ka radioactivity, a no laila,ʻaʻole pilikia i kānaka. noi aku la oia hou i loko o ka oihana koa poepoe, no kekahi laʻana, ka mea, ua hou ia ma ka kapa kila "Abrams" 'Amelika pahu, e haawi ia aku pāpū. Eia hou, kokoke e pau kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana kaua ke halawai ai i kekahiʻano o Kao lele lako kaua me ka depleted uranium. Ma waho aʻeo ia kiʻekiʻe ke kaupaonaʻana, ka mea i koe kekahi mea hoihoi 'hiʻona - ma hope o ka make ana o kona iwi splinters a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia me ka pauka, ignite spontaneously. A ma ke ala, i ka mua manawa ia i ke Kao lele lako kaua i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka Apana o ke Kaua Honua. Me mākou ke ike, uranium - na kumu mua i i ua hoʻohana i loko o kekahi mau kihapai o kanaka haʻawina.

ka hopena

ʻepekema kilokilo i puni 2030 loa ka ho'āʻo 'a pau o ka nui uranium hoʻokomo kālā, a laila, hoʻomaka i ka ulu ana o kona paakiki-papa, a e ku i ke kumu kūʻai. Ke ala, i ka uranium mea e hoohehee ai ka loa e noho malie hoi e kānaka - kekahi miners hana ma kona iecaianoaaiiuo no ka hanauna. Ano, i hoomaopopo mākou i ka mōʻaukala o ka loaʻa o ka Nine Inch hehee wale, a pehea e hoʻohana kona nukelea fission naoh.

Ma ke alanui, he hana hoihoi mea ua ike no - uranium hui i loihi ua hoʻohana i pena no ka porcelain a me ka aniani (ai-kapa uranium aniani) a hiki i na 1950s.