Vladimir Kremlin: mōʻaukala a me ka hōʻikeʻano

Vladimir Kremlin - he kūikawā pakaua. Mau i ke aupuni 'ma kela kulanakauhale keia kulanakauhale nui o kahiko Rusia. Initially, ua kapaia ka mea, i ka Susana. Ke kikowaena hapa o ka hooponopono paʻa i ka pā ramparts mua lāʻau, hoomaka ae la na pohaku i hope e kūkulu. Ua Ua lako pono me battlements a me nā hale kiaʻi. I ka wä kahiko Rus 'pā i kekahi elue e hooponopono noʻonoʻo i kekahi kulanakauhale.

Location Kremlin Vladimir

Vladimir Kremlin mua noho i loko o ka naʻau o ke kulanakauhale. A me ka mea hiki ke ike i keia la ma ka puu. He mea ia e mimiki no e kahe ana ma ke kulanakauhale Klyazma. Nui haawiia e like me ka Christmas hoailona.

Ma ka Middle Ages ka Vladimir Kremlin aia ma luna o ka mokuna Pechernego kulanakauhale. Mai ka hikina a hiki i kona mau mokuna pili ana auwai a me ka pā. Ma ka akau loa o ka Kremlin hele aku la ma kekahi laekahi alanui Bolshaya Moskovskaya, a ma ka komohana hapa o ka Kremlin? Aiiie Rotehama Church me ona mau hale malumalu. I kēia lā, i kēia 'ole Radio he ki kūlana ma ka wā i keʻano o ke kulanakauhale. Ua kaumaha i ka manao nui o ka mea haʻahaʻa floodplain.

History Kremlin

E like me ka na mooolelo, i ka hoailona, i malama ia e like me ke kumu no ka ho okumu ana o ka Vladimir Kremlin,ʻikeʻia i loko o 1175. Kona waiho Bogolyubskii kūloko Prince Andrew, ka mea i kaulana no ka mea e no ia Vladimir-Suzdal na'lii a ua i nui kūpono 'ana a me ka pomaikai ma luna o kona hoalauna, e ho'ōla lilo ana i kekahi o na ioauoa o ka Lūkini moku'āina.

I ka 1192, ua ka hou alii o Vsevolod, ka mea i inoa kapakapa ke Big pūnana, hoʻokumu i loko o kēia mau wahi i ka keʻokeʻo pohaku Hale Pule Nui. Kēia eha-kia 'ole i hana ai i loko o kaʻaeʻana me na mooolelo a pau o Vladimir-Suzdal kuhikuhipuʻuone i mea hoʻomohala i ka pau ana o ka XII kenekulia. A hiki i ka manawa lā Hale Pule Nui, Eia naʻe, i ole e holo.

I ka 1219, i ka halawai kapu o ka luakini, nae ma ia manawa oia no ia i pau a hiki i ka hopena. I ka 1230, ua wehe i ka Archimandrite, a ma ka manawa, ua lilo kekahi o ka papa kuhikuhiE Karistiano monasteries i loko o ka pau ana o ka Akau-Hikina o Rusia. Ua iʻaneʻi i ka 1263, loaʻa ka hope e oʻioʻi Aleksandr Nevsky.

E like me ka hopena, i ke kūlana o ka hoailona mua i loko o Vladimir (ma hope Moscow) i hele ai i ka Rozhen hoailona. Ma keia naʻe, oia mau ae la ia a hiki i 1561, ka wā o ka honorary hoailona i hala i ka Trinity-Seregio Lavra.

Stone? Ieoaeunoai ma ka hoailona i hana hou ia i loko o ka XVII kenekulia. I ka 1654, i ka bele halekiai akaka me he kilohana kia me ewalu facets. I ka 1659 ka mea, kukulu iho la i ka halepaahao. An ka hoʻokahuli i loko o kona ulu hale mōneka i, ka wā e mālama lākou me he rector ma Archimandrite HIHIHI. Iloko o keia manawa, ua kukulu pohaku keʻena, e like me fraternal kino.

I ka pau ana o keia keneturia ua ka Ekalesia puka o ka hanau ai, i mea pololei e pili ana i ka pa o ka refectory.

ʻO nā moolelo o ka hoailona

Ua hoolilo ke kea laa, o Aleksandra Nevskogo mai Vladimir a hiki i Alexander Nevsky Lavra ia Peter I. Ma ka ia wā, ua paa loa o ka aina o ka hoailona me ka pā pōhaku, a me nā hale kiaʻi. Mai ka 1744 hana 'aneʻi ka hale o Bishop ka ma ka Vladimir diocese. I ka 1748 o ka Bihopa e kūkulu i kekahi keena pohaku.

Ua i loko o ka XIX kenekulia facades kekahi kukulu hou ia, i ke Keena Kalaiaina o na keena hoʻololi. I kekahi kahua ma ka hou 'ana o ka Vladimir Kremlin, nona ka Hawaii photo mea i loko o kēia' atikala, ua pili i ke au o ke aupuni i loko o Rusia, Alexander II. laila, hoomaka ae la ia i kekahi ke kūkulu houʻana a me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ka hoailona, a me ka Hale Pule Nui me ia. I ka 1859, i ka fraternal kino kūkulu mai ka pōhaku outbuilding. Ke Kalaiaina a me hoanmike o ke kino oko a me ka nui loa.

State-mea a ke kelepona hele kukulu, overhauled ma 1867 hoololiia ka puka ekalesia, a me ka refectory. I ka Ia manawa e hoʻololi i ka hoanmike episcopal keʻena.

Ma lalo o Soviet rula,

I Soviet manawa, i ka mōʻaukala o ka Vladimir Kremlin, kiʻi o i ua hōʻike i loko o kēia 'atikala, ua undergone mea hou. I ka 1930, ma na kauoha o kūloko luna i uhaʻi i ka bele hale kiaʻi, a me ka Hale Pule Nui. Hope, o ka hoailona hale i Hoomau pinepine aku ho'āla hou aʻelaʻo, a me ka luna 'i kūkuluʻia he mau hale. Ka hapa nui o na koena hale i i ka pōhaku lepo, ka puna, a pena.

Christmas hoailona ia mea kū hoʻokahi no ke kulanakauhale mea. Together me a puni na hale ia 'ano apau loa he kūikawā skyline ka nui mōʻaukala manaʻo nui. E ua ola ka noho hoʻohauʻoli a civic hale i loko o ka baroque kaila. I loko nō nui ka pōʻino, ka hoailona a me kēia lā akaka ia iā mākou i loko o ka hopena o medieval-mika hale me ka noa hoʻolālā.

ka Kremlin

Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone Ensemble o ka Vladimir Kremlin i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala, hiki mai komohana i ka hikina. Kona helehelena mea like i ka trapezoid. Ka hikinaʻaoʻao Ua unuhi i ka lua, a me me ka hema puʻu mea i kaupalena '. Mai komohana i ka hikina, aia no na keena o ka Christmas hoailona.

Inā e olelo, e kipa i ka Vladimir Kremlin, Hawaii no ka nāʻanaʻana, e e lawa. Kaawale mai ka mua i olelo ia Hale Pule Nui o ka hānauʻana o ka Virgin, ia mea no hoi he bele hale kiai, a e pili ana i ka ekalesia Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone eiiieaena ka loaʻa o ka Ekalesia puka o St. Prince Aleksandra Nevskogo, e like me ka Capella Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. Kipa ke kiʻi i ka Ekalesiaʻoki o ka hanau ai, o ka Ekalesia puka o St. Ioanna Predtechi, moku'āina-waiho aeea, kekahi-puka, hoailona hale, ma ka Memorial kea, a me ka Bihopa malu kino, e nana i ka hale kiaʻi a me nā pā.

mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui

Aia ka hoi ka Vladimir Kremlin (kremlin mōʻaukala ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka au mamuli o keia' atikala) o ka mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui. He iʻikeʻia i ka noho alii ana o Prince Vladimir Andreya Bogolyubskogo.

Haipule hale ua kukuluia no keʻokeʻo pohaku, i ua manaʻoi lawe mai ai i ke kūkulu kahua o ka Volga Pulakalia. E hana ka mea, hoomaka ae la i ka 1158. Akā, i ka 1185-ka m, i loko o kekahi paʻa hapa hale, ua he nui ke ahi i luku nui o ka mea i mua i hanaia. Ma ia manawa, i ka ekalesia i wale kekahi poo, akā, ma ka ki eki e ia mea me ka nui loa i oi i ka St. Sophia Hale Pule Nui ma Kiev, a hiki ma Novgorod.

Hele mai la i ka mana , Prince Vsevolod ka Big pūnana mea mahuʻi Hale Pule Nui hou mau eha mokuna. He loli i ka 1408, ka wā a pena hoʻi i kona frescoes a me icons o Andrei Rublev iho hōʻea. Ua mea noteworthy i na frescoes malamaia a hiki i kēia lā. Kekahi o ia ke halawai me na iauaeoia oo? Ecia e olelo, e kipa i keia la Vladimir Hall o ka Kremlin.

"New" a me ka "vetchany" kulanakauhale

Western mōʻaukala hapa o Vladimir i kapaʻia ka "hou" kulanakauhale. ʻO ka wā kahiko ka mea i hoʻopuniʻia e nui pakaua. No ka palekana i ka poe enemi i iai? Oaiaaiea lakou mau pua ka hola 9 mika kiʻekiʻe. kua i lalo lākou i ka laau paia o ka pā kaua. Initially, ma keia hapa o ka mea kahiko kulanakauhale puka hale kiai i eha, ekolu o i i hana ai e like me ka laau.

"Vetchany" a me "kahiko", ke kulanakauhale moe ma ka hikina loa o ke au kahiko o Vladimir. Ke aupuni '' aneʻi Posad. Kēia wahi, Aia mawaho o ka Kremlin, Vladimir, kona mōʻaukala ua ike nui kaua. Nolaila, poe, ka mea i loko o nā paia o ka Kremlin, mau i, e hoomalu aku i ka townspeople.

I nā lā o ke alii Andreya Bogolyubskogo keia hapa o ke kulanakauhale i hoomaluia ma ka laau paia a me na laau. Koke mai la na nō kekahi keʻokeʻo pohaku mau'īpuka, i mea maikaʻi i kapa e like me aʻu kala. Naʻe, i ka laau paia me ka nui loa e amo ma manawa. Ua ua no ka mea, o keia hikina hapa o ke kulanakauhale, ua kapaia "vetchany". Kēia hua'ōlelo i loko o ka laekahi 'ano like i "kahiko."

I ka 1157, Vladimir i kekahi o na ki kulanakauhale o Rusia. Ka mea i Prince Andrew Bogolyubskii i ka inoa o ka Luna Duke. He Ua häʻawi mai ai iä ia, ma hope iho o kona, ma ka hou ana i Vladimir, Suzdal malie i noho a me ka ulu, me luawai me Moore a me Kiev. No hoi, mai hoopoina i loko o Smolensk, Ryazan a me Novgorod, oia mālama i kona mau lunakanawai. Oia autocracy, kena ae la ka manaʻo kūhalahala i waena o nā boyars, ka poe i hoao i ka oukou pale ana i ka aoao o ke kāpae Bogolyubsky.

Makaʻu unrest, Andrew, a hoomaka ae la e iai? Oaiaaou i hana paa ai kūlana pale 'ole i loko o ka Vladimir māhele' āina. He urgently pono i ka luawai-hoomaluia hale. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, o ka moolelo, ua ike i ka mea i ole e ho'ōla i nā hale kiaʻi, a kiekie.

I ka 1174, oia i hou ae la oia i ka make ma kona mau aliʻi i loko o ka kauhale Bogolyubovo.

Tatar kaua

Vladimir Kremlin, nona ka helu wahi kanaka, ke kaiāulu kuauhau, 70, waiho wale aku no i ka kaua nui o ka Tatar-Mongol. Ia ka pili aupuni a me ka-yeiiiie? O ke kulanakauhale, i ka ka mea o keia 'atikala, ka mea, ua ua seriously ke olonā wāwae e Batu Khan. Ua i kekahi o nā kūlanakauhale mua i ae mai, mai ke kaua mai o ka Tatar-Mongol. I ka 1238, nui komohewa lākou poʻe kaua hoomoana iho la ma kahi o na pa o ke kulanakauhale. Pale alakaʻiʻia e nā keiki kāne Vsevolodovich, o Vsevolod a me Mstislav.

Lakou makemake, e kaua aku i nāʻenemi, akā, i ka poe koa e kokua aku i ke kulanakauhale ua oi uuku. Ka hapa nui o ka Lūkini koa hele aku ma luna o ka muliwai E noho iho, kahi i nui-unahiʻole, i ohi o Lūkini poʻe hao wale i kūkala. No keia kumu, ke kūloko kiaaina Peter Oslyadyukovich, ka mea i alakai i ka hoomalu ana o Vladimir, hoʻoholo ihola e malama i ka mea e malu ai, mai na pua.

i ole koke hoʻoholo ihola nā Tartars, e hoouka aku i ka luawai paa Vladimir Kremlin. Ka mea, kali. Batu hoomoana iho la ma ke alo o ke Gula puka. Kauoha aku e hao wale i ka Suzdal a me Vladimir i ole hoouka a pau.

Ma keia hihia, imi i ka Tatars i, e huki mau hoa paio i loko o ka hamama confrontation. No keia, mea, a hiki i pepehi i ka bipi keiki alii Vladimir Yuryevich, ka mea i lawe pio ia ma ke kaua o Moscow. Loa paha, ma hope o Mstislav, Vsevolod kau e pili ana i ho'āʻo e hoopono mai i kona kaikuaana.

kulanakauhale o Sturm

Ma Feberuari, ka Tatars hoomaka i ka papakaukau bombardment o ka Vladimir Kremlin. Ka mea, hoʻohana 'ia ka pua ana me na mea kaua. defenders o ke kūlanakauhale, a hiki ho'āʻo e haawi. Akā, me nā'ōpio Vsevolod, ka mea i koe me ka makana, e hana i ke kuikahi, i pepehi i na kauoha o Batu.

Ke bombardment o na paia o ka Vladimir Kremlin e hina. Eia naʻe, ua hiki ke malama i ka pale o ka aina o ka New Town na defenders. I kekahi lā, ua hai ke hana ino mai. E papa haalele wale i ke Gula puka. Ua lukuia nunui pauku o ka paia kokoke i ka puka hema.

Tatar-Mongols lanakila auwai, a wawahi ae la i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i ka mea ia manawa, mai kekahi pana pua. By ke awakea la oia i hope pio.

Vladimir i emi mai ke

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Tatar-Mongols nui o ke kulanakauhale, e like me ka ikaika a me ka hoʻokele waiwai pili aupuni mawaena konu ua haule markedly. I ka Ia manawa, ua hoomau ia formally manaoia kekahi o ka mea nui Lūkini kulanakauhale. E like me ka hopena, i ka 1299 ka mea, ua 'aneʻi e neo? Aaiiai? I ka noho ana o Lūkini metropolitans.

Hope lilo kona geopolitical nui o ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka XIV kenekulia. Palm neʻe i Moscow. hoomaka i ka noho alii ana o Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Ka? aeiino? o Vladimir, a me kona Kremlin wale. hoomaka ae la i ke kulanakauhale, e hana hou i ka pakaua, a hele mai i loko o ke kupaianaha hoole mai oia.

Ma ka XVIII kenekulia

Vladimir Kremlin, mōʻaukala a me ka hōʻikeʻano o ka i i hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o kēia 'atikala, ma ka XVIII kenekulia, he nui kūlana i loko o ka nohona o ke kulanakauhale, ua hoʻokani. Oiai o ka paa ana o Petero au i hoʻokumuʻia e ka Moscow panalaau. Vladimir i ua wahi ia ia e like me kekahi o ka moku'āina kulanakauhale.

Ma keia hihia, no ka aina e like me ke kulanakauhale a pau ua increasingly losing kona nui. ma hope o Aleksandra Nevskogo kea laa, i kaʻi aku ai i St. Petersburg, e hoʻoikaika i ka mana o ka mea hou kapikala kēia ua oi loa. Ma hope iho ua kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe luna, a me nā mea a pau, hoomaka ae la e hiki kākaʻikahi ma Vladimir.

Ano, i ka Kremlin ua noho wale hapa 'ia'. Ka hapa nui o ka mea, ua aneane loa luku.