Where o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho? He aha ka ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho, a no ke aha la kona luku meaʻino?

Ozonosphere - papa o ka lewa o ko mākou Honua, hoʻokoe iho i ka hapa loaʻoʻoleʻa o ke ultraviolet pae. Kekahi mau 'ano o ka lń detrimental kanawai i ola meaola. Kekahi manawa ozonosphere lilo thinner, eia kahi mea akaka i ka lua o kekahi nui like 'ole. Ala aʻela ma nā lua ma luna o ka ili o ka Honua ke olelo huna ole komo iloko pilikia kukuna. Where o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho? e hoola ia aha hiki mākou e hana ai? Kūkākūkā o ka Honua ko Tilly a me ka kālaikaiaola ua hoolilo i ka mea i manaoia 'atikala.

He aha ka'okikene kolu?

Oxygen ma loko o ke ao nei nei ma ke ano o ka poe noonoo ole mau gaseous i huiʻia, he hapa o ka wai, a he nui loa ka helu o nā pono'okanikaʻole a me ke aloha 'ona (silicates, carbonates, sulfates, kumuʻiʻo, carbohydrate, momona). Kekahi o ka oi aku ike allotropic ka hoʻololi 'ana hehee ai - na mea waiwai oxygen, kona haʻilula - O _2. Lua o nā loli nā'ātoma - O ('okikene kolu). Ke haʻilula o keia waiwai - About _3. Triatomic nā lātoma i hanaʻia ka wā i koe o ka ikehu, no kekahi laʻana, e like me ka hopena o ka uila hookuuia ma ka ano. Next, e loaʻa mai mākou i ka mea a ka'okikene kolu , ahu iho o ka Honua, no ke aha la kona mānoanoa ua mau hoʻololi.

'okikene kolu ma lalo o maʻamau rula - uliuli kinoea ka lena, kekahiʻono. Ke hakakino kaumaha o ka waiwai o 48 (no ka e like me - Mr _(Air) = _29.). Ke ala o ka'okikene kolu mea reminiscent o ka thunderstorm, no ka mea, ma hope o kēia maoli kŰia O ₃ nā lātoma i loko o ka lewa lilo nui. Lehulehu, piʻi pū ole wale kahi o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho, akā, i kokoke i ka honua i ka ili honua. He chemicallyʻeleu waiwai meaʻawahia i ola meaola, akā, koke dissociates (, mai hemo mai). Ma keʻena hoʻokolohua a me ka hana e hana i na mea maalea -'okikene kolu nā mīkini uila - no ka hele pou hookuuia ma ka lewa a me ka oxygen.

He aha ka ke'okikene kolu, ahu iho?

Nā lātoma O ₃ i kiʻekiʻe Nine Inch a me liluwelo aayoaeuiinoe. Ka piʻiʻana kolu o'Ātoma i diatomic oxygen ma ua pu e mahuahua ka ikehu pūnaewele hui a me ka instability. 'okikene kolu, e hooholo koke decomposes i loko o hakakino oxygen ma a me kaʻeleu huna i oxidizes vigorously nā waiwai a me ka pepehi microorganisms. Akā, ka hapanui o nā nīnūnē e pili ana i honi hui hai aku i kona hoʻomāhuahua i loko o ka lewa ma luna o ka honua. He aha ka ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho, a no ke aha la kona luku meaʻino?

'Ana ma ka ili o ka Honua mea mau i kekahi dala o hakakino O _3, akā, me ke kiʻekiʻena maoli i ka lehulehu o ka hui. I ka ho okumu ana o keia waiwai ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka stratosphere ku i ka ultraviolet pāhawewe o ka la, e hali ana i ka nui o ka lako hou ikaika.

ozonosphere

Aia i kekahi māhele 'āina i loko o ka lewa ma luna o ka Honua, kahi'okikene kolu mea nui oi aku ia mamua ma kaʻili kai. Akā, me ka mau, o ka iwi iloko olaila o nā lātoma o O ₃ - lahilahi, a discontinuous. Where o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho, a me ozonosphere o ko mākou Honua? Inconstancy mānoanoa o ka pale manawa disconcerting noiʻi.

Ka Honua ka lewa ua mau haawi i kekahi dala o ke'okikene kolu, he mea nui likeʻole i loko o kona lehulehu me ka kiʻekiʻenaʻikepili. E mākou hoike mau nīnūnē ma hope o ka huli ana i ka mau wahi o ka pale kaua o ka O ₃ nā lātoma.

Where o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho?

A na hiohiona mahuahua ana o ka'okikene kolu nā lātoma hoʻomaka i ka mamao o 10 km a me ka pilikia i ka 50 ei ma luna o ka honua. Akā, no ka nui o ka waiwai, i mea i loaʻa i loko o ka troposphere - i ka ole ke pale. E like me ka mamao, mai ka honua 'ilikai maoli he'okikene kolu nuʻa. ʻO kā mākou waiwai ana i loko o ka stratosphere, kona wahi ma ke kiekie o ka 20 a hiki i 25 ei. Eia nā lātoma O _3, he 10 mau manawa hou ma mua ia o ko ka Honua ka ili honua.

Akā, ke kumu o ka mānoanoa o ka pono o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho o ka manao o nā kānakaʻepekema, a ano o kanaka? Mea hoʻonui ma luna o ka moku'āina o ka palekaua wāwahi i loko o ka hope kenekulia. Noiʻi i ike i ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho ma luna o Antarctica Ua lilo thinner. Ke kumu nui no ke kŰia ua, ua hoʻokumu 'ia - hakakino dissociation O _3. Ke luku nei i ka hopena o ka hui ole o ka helu o nā kumumea, e alakai ana iwaena o lakou ua anthropogenic pili me kanaka haʻawina.

'okikene kolu puka

Ma ka hope 30-40 makahiki, ua hoʻomaopopo epekema i keʻano o nā lua ma ka aiiay pale ma luna o ka Honua ka ili honua. Hoʻomākaʻu ana i ka scientific kaiāulu i kapa ai ia mau moʻolelo i ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho - ka pale kaua o ka Honua - ua ke kūlana hikiwawe loa. All Media ma ka hapalua like-1980s, i ka pai ia manaʻo ma luna o ka "lua" no Antarctica. I ka noiʻi i kekahi 'i kahi nahā i loko o ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho maoli i loko o ka luawai. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o ka poino i ka ulu i hōʻike ',ʻimi hoʻopunipuni a me ka kemikala mea - chlorofluorocarbons. Ka loa e like me ka pae ana o kēia mau hui - freon a refrigerant pa alima. Aia, ua oi mamua o 40 'ona no a hiki i keia pae. Ka mea, i hele mai, mai na kumu, no ka mea, noi nā meaʻai aaioee, Nine Inch, mea ala, a me na hana.

I ka haku mele 'ana freons, he okoa kalapona a me ka hydrogen, nā halogeno: fluoro, chloro, bromo i kekahi manawa. A nui helu o ka waiwai e like me refrigerants hoʻohana ma refrigerators, ea conditioners. Ma o lakou iho, freons i ka pilina paʻa, akā, ma kiʻekiʻe ana wela, a ma ke alo o kaʻeleu Nine Inch konohiki pane koke'okesaside. Mawaena o ka naoh huahana hiki e hui i meaʻawahia i ola meaola.

CFCs a me ka pale kaua'okikene kolu

Chlorofluorocarbons O3 nā lātoma pāʻani aku me, a luku aku i ka aiiay, ahu iho ma luna o ka Honua. First thinning'okikene kolu, ahu iho hookama no ka fluctuation maoli o ka mānoanoa, i ka hana a pau ka manawa. Akā, ma ka manawa o ka puka, e like "puka" ma Antarctica, ua ua ike ma ka (Northern hemisphere). Ua māhuahua ai ka helu ana i na wahi naha mai ke kilo mua, akā, ua uuku ma mua ma luna o ka icy'āinapuniʻole ka nui like 'ole.

Initially,ʻepekema kanalua i ka mea CFCs i'okikene kolu depletion kaʻina. Mau mea waiwai me ke kiʻekiʻe hakakino kaumaha. E like me ka mea hiki i ka stratosphere ma ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho, ina mea kaumaha ia ma mua o oxygen, naikokene a me ka o carbon dioxide? Loina o ka pii au paialewa i loko o ka lewa i thunderstorms, a me ka ike maopopo ana i ho'āʻo ai i ka manawa kūpono o ka anal o kekahi (particles) me ka lewa no ka kiekie o 10-20 ei ma luna o ka honua, ma laila mea he palena o ka troposphere, a me ka stratosphere.

Ke 'ano o ka poʻe hao wale o ka'okikene kolu

Ke'okikene kolu pale ciia i ke launa i ka naikokene oxides mai ana ka'ā ma kiko'ī a me supersonic mokulele oʻano o ka spacecraft. Hoʻokō papa waiwai a disintegrate lewa'okikene kolu, ahu iho o ka honua, ka lua hoʻomehana honua. I kekahi manawa, i ke kahe ana o gaseous a me ka lepo hiki i ke kiekie o 10-15 kilomika, a hohola i ka haneri o na tausani o kilomika.

Ka polalauahi no nui hanalima-oaio? A, a Kauhalenui no hoi ka poʻea pau i ka dissociation o na nā lātoma i loko o ka O ₃ lewa. ua ke kumu no ka hoʻoulu i ka nui o ka'okikene kolu lua i manaoia e hoomahuahua i ka lehulehu o no laila,-kapaʻia nā kinoea hoʻomehana honua ma ka lewa, ma ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho. Penei, ka global? Aneie pilikia o ka huliau ua pololei ua hoʻopili i kumuhana e pili ana i ka lukuia'na o'okikene kolu. Ka mea i kinoea hoʻomehana honua pihaʻi me 'ona a pane koke me ka O ₃ nā lātoma. Ke'okikene kolu dissociates oxygen ma ke kumu o ka'okesaside o nā kumu mua.

Ka pilikia o ka lilo ana o ka'okikene kolu pale kaua

ka mea, i kekahi wahi i wāhiʻia i loko o ka ozonosphere i ka lewa, i ka ikea ana o CFCs a me nā ka lewa pollutants? Mau nīnūnē e controversial, akā, i ka hopena o ka ia: pono aʻo i ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho o ka lewa, a aua mai ka luku aku. I ka Honua me ka paku o hakakino O ₃ haalele i kona palekana i ka hoʻohalahala cosmic kukuna o ka kekahi lōʻihi, na ke kemuʻeleu waiwai, ahu iho. Inā ka'okikene kolu palekaua lahilahi a nalowale, me ka walaʻauʻana keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke ola ma ka Honua i ka pilikia. Excessive ultraviolet pāhawewe maoli i ka pilikia o mutations ma na keena o ka ola meaola.

Safeguarding ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho

I ka nele o kaʻikepili e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka palekaua ma ke kenekulia i hala iho nei, a Ka Wā Kaukani complicates Time]. E ahaʻia ana ina ozonosphere luku loa? A mau makahiki kauka ike ana i ka hua ma o ka helu ana o kanaka loli ana ma ka ili maʻi 'aʻai. 'O kēia kekahi o nā maʻi, i nā hualoaʻa ma ka excessive ultraviolet irradiation.

I ka 1987, i ka helu o nā'āina acceded i ka Montreal Hola Pūnaewele, a AIM e ho'ēmi i a me ka piha pāpā i ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o chlorofluorocarbons. Ka mea, ua pono kekahi o na ana e, e kōkua i ka ho'ōla i ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho - Honua ka ultraviolet pale kaua. Akā, CFCs i noho hua mai ma ka hana, a komo i ka lewa. Aka hoi, kaʻaeʻana me ka Montreal Hola Pūnaewele alakai aku ai i ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka'okikene kolu puka.

He aha a pau ke hana, e hoola i ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho?

Ke noiʻi paipai i ka piha hou ana o ka aiiay paku mea no kekahi mau makahiki. 'O kēia ka hihia ina mea mahana he ikaika rupture, e kauoha ana i ka hailona o ka mea pohihihi. Kinoea hoʻomehana honua e hoʻomau e kahe ana i loko o ka lewa, hua mai la Kao lele lako kaua OOOXO a me nā makahiki he kaa, e māhuahua'auwaʻa i loko o kekahi aina. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i kānakaʻepekema i koe, e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokō aoao o ka pale' ana i ka'okikene kolu pale kaua mai ka lukuia'na.

Ma ka wahi lulu iliwai, kēlā kanaka e no hoi he hoʻonui. 'okikene kolu emi E e ke kūlana ina o ka lewa wahine holoi, e emi noa o ka lepo, pouli,ʻawahia kaa exhausts e. E hoʻopale ai i ka'okikene kolu, ahu iho pono e lahilahi, e hooki aku i ke ahi o ka wao akua, e hookupaa ma kā lākou palekana hoʻolilo. Kaa Pono e OIeEOEIeAeEIIe, i oi environmentally aloha mōʻalihaku, na wahi a pau, koe kekahi mauʻano o ka ikehu.