Yellowstone Caldera. Ke hiki pele o Yellowstone lua pele (Hawaii)

Volcanoes o Laielohelohe kanaka mai ka manawa mau loa aku. Lakou i manaoio aku ai i ko lakou mau akua, hoomana aku la, a kaumaha aku i na mohai, a me kanaka. Kēia heluia, e mea maopopo, mai i kēia manawa ka mana hiki ole o kēia mau maoli mea wale kupaianaha, a hiki i hoomakaukauia ka noiʻi.

Akā, i waena o lākou aia no kekahi poe e ku me kekahi 'kāʻei kua mai. He, no ka mea hoike, i ka Yellowstone Caldera i loko o ka National Park o Hawaii, USA. Ka mana e moe moe ko loko o ka supervolcano, mea i ka mea, e pono he hoʻonui i ka piha loa ana o ko mākou noho i loko o ka hanana o kona hoala mai la. Kēia mea i exaggeration. No laila, Pinatubo lua pele, i mea mau manawa nawaliwali ma mua o kona 'Amelika "nā hoapili", i ka pele i loko o ka makahiki 1991 ka pilina i ka mea i kaʻawelike o ka Honua mahana hāʻule ma ka 0.5 degere, a me ia mau ae la ia mau makahiki ma ka lālani.

He aha characterizes keia mea ma kona ano maoli?

ʻepekema, ua lōʻihi, ua haawiia mai i kēia kūlana i ka mea supervolcano. Ua ua ia mea ma ke ao nei ma muli o ia kona megalithic huliāmahi. Iloko o ka hope nui-unahiʻole, i hou o kona holoʻokoʻa luna aʻe o ka lua pele e moe ihola i lalo, ho okumu i ka nui ole o ka nui like 'ole.

Ua Ua aniiei? Pono ma ka waena o ka North American papa, aʻaʻole ma ka palena, e like me kona "nā hoapili" i loko o ke ao nei, a i kia a puni i nā kihi o nā papa (ka mea ia "alii o Ahi" i loko o ka Moana Pākīpika). Mai ka 80-ies o ka hope ke kenekulia, i ka 'ā ina Survey o America mau moʻolelo i ka helu ana o tremors i puʻe wale mai a ia, aole ia e oi aku mamua o ekolu ma ka Richter me ka unahiʻole, ua mahuahua steadily makahiki kēia makahiki.

ka moku'āina ua manao i?

A pau i kēia mea,ʻaʻole he Fantasy. Ke koʻikoʻio o na mea i 'ōlelo o nā kānakaʻepekema i kākoʻo' ia e ka mea i loko o 2007 i hoʻokumuʻia he pilikia ke anaina kanaka, a i mālamaʻia e ka Peresidena o ka Amerika Huipuia, a me ke poo o ka CIA, NSA, FBI.

Mōʻaukala o ke ao

He aha e kou manaʻo, i kona wa i iʻikeʻia e kekahi caldera? I ke kakahiaka nui kūpono 'ana o nā colonists' Amelika? Ae, e like me ka mea i ole pela! We loaʻa ka mea wale nō i loko o 1960,ʻimi ana i ka aerospace kiʻi ...

O ka holo ana, ke he Yellowstone Park i? Anoee loa ma mua o ka Hekikai o ukali a me airplanes. Ke naturalist mua, e hōʻike ana i kēia mau wahi, ua Dzhon Kolter. He ua he lâlâ o ka Lewis a me Clark huakaʻi. I ka 1807,ʻo ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i kaʻikena Hawaii. State hahau aku i kona mea hiki ole geysers a me na mea he nui hoki, akā, ma luna o kona hoi ana "e holumua ai ke kaiāulu" i i manaoio ia ia, mockingly ua kapaia ke nä känaka 'epekema ka hana "Hell Colter."

I ka makahiki 1850, kipa hahai holoholona a me ka naturalist Dzhim Bridzher Hawaii. Kookoo i halawai me ia i loko o ka like me kona, hoʻokomo: na ao o ka mahu a me ka wai wela punawai i pakele, mai lalo o ka honua. Eia naʻe, i kona mau moʻolelo a meʻaʻohe kekahi i manaoio.

Eia hoi, ma hope o ke Kanawai War, he hou US aupuni ua nō hoʻolako 'piha-me ka unahiʻole study o ka māhele' āina. I ka 1871, i ka wahi aʻo 'epekema huakaʻi ma lalo o ke kauoha o Ferdinand Hayden. Just hoʻokahi makahiki, ua hoomakaukau ia e ka nunui lei hoike me ki lehulehu, a me nā loina. Wale laila mākou e nā mea a pau i manaoio hope i i ole wahahee Colter a me Bridger. A laila, ka mea i hana Yellowstone Park.

Hoʻomohala a me na palapala he

Ka mua ke poʻo o ka mea i kohoia Nathaniel Langford. Moʻolelo a puni o ka paka ua kope,ʻaʻole he optimistic: ke poʻo o ka piha ana o enthusiasts a me ka mai mai, a hiki uku uku makahiki,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i kekahi o ka noiʻi mau mea. he mau makahiki ma hope All hoʻololi. A hiki ma ka hana o ka Hawaiian Pacific Railroad, ma ke awāwa o ke kaiakahinalii o iauaeoia oo? Ecia a me kanaka i hoʻolauna, ka mea i ka manao pono hoihoi i loko o kēia maoli kŰia.

Ka makaʻu o ka paka hooponopono a me ke aupuni ia lakou i ka pilina i ka influx o ka hana, nō,ʻaʻole i kēia wahi kū hoʻokahi wahi i loko o ka cluttered oo? Attraction, e like me mau kono ai i kēia mau aina pookelaʻepekema mai a puni ka honua.

Pakahi aku la ia Laielohelohe haumana liʻiliʻi pele pele i loko o ka wahi, mai manawa i ka manawa e hoʻomau i ka nuʻu mua i loko o kā mākou mau lā. O ka holo ana, o ka loa kaulana o ke aupuni, nā wahi ulu lāʻau i ole lawe Yellowstone supervolcano (laila, i ka hua'ōlelo mea i ike o), a me ka nunui, incredibly maikai geysers. Naʻe, i ka nani o ke 'ano a me ka richness o ka holoholona ao ua no hoi e haʻalele kanaka indifferent.

He aha mea he supervolcano i loko o ka kēia hoohalike?

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka typical lua pele, ka hapanui pinepine ia mea he 'ano maʻamau puu i loko o ke kinona o ka truncatedʻohana ma luna o kona luna o ka waha, ma ka mea o ka wela kinoea, a hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka pelemaka a pele. Maoli, o ka muli loa pele - e he mau māwae, i loko o ka lepo. I ka mea hoʻohuʻu hoʻoheheʻeʻia pele, a hoopaakiki hoi, hele koke aku 'ano apau loa i ke anoʻohana.

Eia nā pono supervolcanoes ka poe hana pela e ka mea, i ole i remotely e hoohalike ai i ko lakou "mau kaikaina." Kēiaʻano o "na mai hehe" ma ka honua, ma lalo o ka "ili" lahilahi i hookaawale mua ae hoʻoheheʻeʻia ka pelemaka. Ma ?? eoi? Ua ho okumu i pinepine hana i kekahi mauʻike mau lua pele holo pololei mai ma i mai ka manawa i ka manawa, he mea he ea puka o ka hoʻonui huahana. Eia naʻe, i hiki lua a oi ma mua o ole pinepine: aia no he pele caldera, a he nui na kanaka lawe no ka maʻamau kūpenu iho i loko o ka lepo.

Pehea na mea he nui o ko ia nei ma nā mea a pau?

Currently, he mea ma ka liʻiliʻi loa 20-30 ia ē aʻei kūpono. Lākou kŘpa a uuku lua i, i mea loa paha, e ana ma ka "hana" o ano lua pele lālā hiki ke hoohalikeia me ke kala o ka mahu mai ka'aloʻahiʻa cooker kiwikā. Ka pilikia hoomaka ma ka loa manawa, i ka wa o ka mahu puʻe mea nui loa, a me ka mea lawe aku i loko o ka lewa, "ipu". It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka lua pele i loko o ka United States (like me Etna, ma ke ala) pili manaʻoi i ka waeʻano "pahū" no ka mea, o ka pelemaka like manoanoa.

Ia mea ke kumu ka mea, e ai pilikia loa. Ka mana o maoli me ka ho okumu ia i ka mea, i e lawa ka mana e holoiia i loko o ka lepo o ka'āinapuniʻole holoʻokoʻa. Pessimists manaoio ia ina o ka lua pele i loko o ka United States nō explode, make e ia 97-99% o ka manaʻo kanaka. I ka mea,ʻo ka loa optimistic Time] e ole oko he nui loa mai ia i ka 'aka ha i.

He kāhea aku i?

Hoʻonuiʻia ha awina i kākau ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki. He nui nā kupa o America mea,ʻaʻole i maopopo i ka makahiki haka mai kekahi i ekolu lola honua lono. Oiai na mea he nui o lakou i paa me ka kūikawā lako a pan wale. O ka papa, e pili ana i ka Naita me ka nui i kakahiaka nui, akā, i ka helu a me ka ikaika o na puu hua palaoa i ke kiʻekiʻe o mahuahua. Kūʻiʻo loaa ole ia - paha ua piha lola honua pahu me ka pele.

Ma mau, ua uku ka mea mua manawaʻepekema noonoo ana i ka National Park i ka 2012, ka wā kona palena i hoomaka ai e uē helu ōlaʻi i ka hou geysers. Just, elua no hora ma hope o ke kipa ana o kānakaʻepekema aupuni i banned komo i ka hapanui o ka National Park, e iauaeoia oo? Ecia. Akā, seismologists, kanaka hulihonua, biologists a me nā noiʻi ua umi manawa hou.

Aia i nā pilikia lua pele i loko o ka United States. I Oregon, he mea nō he kanaka nunui caldera o Crater Lake, a ua hoi i hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka lua pele haʻawina, a me ka mea hiki ole e emi ma mua o ka pilikia o kona "nā hoapili" mai Hawaii. Eia naʻe, e umikumamalima paha he iwakalua makahiki aku nei, epekema manaoio aku i ka supervolcano koi kenekulia e e ala mai, no laila, e hiki mau mua e kilokilo poino. Eia naʻe, uaʻae nō hoʻi hewa mea.

Haʻawina Margaret Mangan

Margaret Mangan, kekahi o nā kānakaʻepekema koʻikoʻi loa, o ka 'ā ina Survey o Amerika, no ka lōʻihi manawa mea kokoke ka mālamaʻana o ka lua pele aayoaeuiinoe a puni ka honua. 'Aʻole loa aku nei, a hai mai i ka holoʻokoʻa i seismologists noiʻi loa hooponopono hou i ko lakou manao ma ka manawa o ka hapanui ke ala nā lua pele o ka Honua.

A me keia mea - loa ino kūkala nūhou. Ko makou ike ua hoomaka nunui i loko o nā makahiki, akā, ke ola, mai keia ole. Penei, he lua pele nui ua kūpono nō ia e māhuahua hanana hulina i loko o ka United States: he mau minute, i ka wa o ka honua e pili ana i ka caldera Ua enaena i 550 kekelē Kelekia ma, hoomaka ae la e hana pele he Dome i loko o ka palapala o ka hemisphere pōhaku sticking mai, a me ka moana wai ua kiʻekiʻe e hoomaka ana i ka paila.

Just mau makahiki aku nei, kekahi seismologists e vying maopopo a pau i pele haʻawina ma luna o ka mea e hiki mai ana mau o nā kenekulia, manaʻo kanaka ua i hooweliweli. Maoli? Ma hope o ke Kiure kai eʻe i literally holoi aku Fukushima, kā lākou mau Time], ka mea, ua oki, e haawi mai. Ano ka mea, makemake i ka pakele ana i pesky nā kānaka moʻolelo meaningless hua'ōlelo o kekahi mau mea nui. No laila, He aha e mea, makau? I ka hoouka kaua ana o ka hou hau makahiki like me ka hopena o ka nui pele?

Ka mua pīhoihoi ihola ko lākou Time]

Ma fairness mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka holo ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka manawa ma waena o na ino, nä känaka 'epekema ike mua. Naʻe, haawiia mai ka Astronomical hua'ōlelo, manaʻo kanaka ua mālama uuku. Initially, o ka pele o Yellowstone i loko o ka US ua manaoia ma kahi o 20,000 makahiki. Akā, ma hope o ke ao hoʻonui ikepili ka mea, huli mai i keia, e hiki mai i ka 2074. A ia mea loa optimistic, no ka lua pele i loa unpredictable a me ka loa pilikia loa.

A kanaka noiʻi, mai ke Kulanui o Utah, Robert Smith, i mai la i ka 2008 i "... a ka pelemaka mea ma ka hohonu o ka 10 kilomika, mai ka lua (ma ka ikaika e hoea i loko o kona 8 kenimika no ka makahiki), aole hoi he kumu e panic ... Akā, inā i puka mai ai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa i ka ekolu kilomika, ua pau nesdobrovat ". I ka aha ka pilikia loa Yellowstone. US (oi kaʻoi loa, ka 'epekema kaiāulu o ka aina) Ua maopopo nö iä ia no.

Ia manawa, hoʻi i ka 2006. Ilya Bindeman a me Dzhon Valey paʻiʻia i loko o ka puke pai "Honua a me planetary science," a me ka mea, i ole luku aku i ka puke i ka hoolohe hōʻoluʻolu wānana. ʻIkepili no ka mea hope makahiki ekolu, e like me ia,ʻoi ana i ka pahikaua hoʻonui o ka pele ala, mau oaka ae la i hou ka māwae, ma i hele mai ai i ka ili o ka hydrogen sulfide a me ka o carbon dioxide.

He Heʻoiaʻiʻo hōʻailona i kekahi pilikia nui no kaʻoiaʻiʻo, e hiki mai ana. I keia la, i na skepticsʻae i keia poino mea he oiaio.

hou no lepa

Akā, no ke aha la ka "au" o ka makahiki i hala ua keia theme like? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ua, ua nui loa o ka hysteria kanaka a me ka makahiki 2012? A me nā mea a pau no ka mea i loko o March he ua he hoopaapaa mahuahua ma ka hawewe haʻawina. Increasingly hoomaka ae la lakou e ala hou mai i geysers mea i manaoia loa-hiamoe. Me ka National Park, hoomaka ae la e neʻe i em me nā paʻi holoholona a me nā manu. Akā, i kēia a pau - na harbingers maoli o ka mea loa maikai.

Ma hope o ka bison a me kia holo, koke haʻalele Yellowstone Plateau. Ka huina no ka makahiki he hapakolu o E neʻe i heluna kanaka, aʻo ka Mauna aborigines aole loa hiki ma ka hoomanao ana. No nā mea a pau kēia mau malihini ka neʻe 'ana o nā holoholona hou i loko o ka malamalama o ka mea i ole i kekahi ke ioioie? I loko o ka pāka. Eia naʻe, kanaka i mai ka wā kahiko ka mea, ua ike i na holoholona haha lea no lepa heralding nui maoli au i na ino.

Available ikepili hou hoʻopuʻipuʻi hou i ka manao o ke 'epekema honua kaiāulu. I March hope makahiki, ana ÷ la i hoʻopaʻa tremors poe a pau e, eha kikoo, akā, i kēia mea i'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka. I ka hopena o March, i ka wahi noticeably lulu iho la ia me ka ikaika o ka 4.8 kumu. Mai ka makahiki 1980, ka mea, o ka hoike ana loa mana o ka hawewe haʻawina. A, e like me nā hanana kanakolu-makahiki-kahiko, ka concussion ua pololei IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE.

No ke aha la i noho pilikia lua pele?

No ka makahiki, i ka wā i lawe ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi ao o ka wahi, nä känaka 'epekema loaʻana i ka Yellowstone Caldera mea ole, allegedly, ua hele pepehi pele lōʻihi ma hope mai. Akā, e like me ka houʻikepili mai geodetic a me ka Geophysical prospecting i loko o ka pahu ma lalo o ka caldera pelemaka i ka hola elua mau manawa ma luna ma mua o hōʻike ma ka loa pessimistic hōʻike.

I kēia ka mea, ua ike ia ka? Aieeeua kŰlń ao i like ka nui me 80 kilomika ma ka lōʻihi, a 20 - i loko o ka laula. Aoia, o Robert Smith, he geophysicist mai Paakai Lake City, kaʻohiʻana a me ke kālailai i ka nui dala o ka hawewe ikepili. I ka pau ana o Okatoba 2013, oia i kekahi hoike e pili ana ia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Denver, ma ka makahiki 'epekema hālāwai kūkā. Kona memo Ua koke replicated, i ka hopena o ka hana noiʻi i hoihoi i aneane pau na alakai seismology keʻena hoʻokolohua i loko o ke ao nei.

manawa maopopo ka auhau

E hōʻuluʻulu lākou mau mea, ua ulu, nā kānakaʻepekema i ka ohi ana helu ikepili ma oi ma mua o 4.5 miliona o na olai, o loli iki pinepine '. ʻO ia meaʻo ia i nānā 'ia no kekahi mau mokuna a hele Yellowstone Caldera. Nā 'ikepili hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka "wela" wahi i understated e oi ma mua o ka hapalua i loko o nā makahiki. I kēia ka mea, ua noʻonoʻo i ka buke o ka pelemaka - i loko o eha tausani cubic mika o ka wela pōhaku.

Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i "wale" 68% o keia dala e kau mai maluna o ka pelemaka i hoʻoheheʻeʻia, akā, e ka loa, loa nui. No laila, Yellowstone Park - he maoli pōkā pahū, a e explode someday ke ao nei a pau (a me ka mea, ua nō e hiki mai, auwe).

mua helehelena

I mau, i ka manawa mua i ka lua pele hoike pono ia iho ma kahi o 2.1 miliona makahiki aku nei. Ua uhi A hapaha o ka pau ana o North America ma ia manawa me ka manoanoa ahu iho la ka lehu. I ka rula, aole e oi ma mua o ka nui-pālākiō mai laila a me ka ua i hiki mai. ʻepekema,ʻo nā mea a pau supervolcanoes hoike mai ai ia lakou iho i kekahi manawa i ka 600.000 makahiki. Ua haawiia i ka mea hope manawa ka Yellowstone supervolcano puhi no ka oi ma mua o 640.000 makahiki aku nei, he mea na kumu, e hoomakaukau ai no ka pilikia.

Ano ka mea, hiki e nui loa, no ka mea, o ka mea a pau i loko o ka hope makahiki ekolu haneri, ka nuʻa o ka Honua i ka heluna kanaka i mahuahua na manawa he nui no. An PAaIEN o ka mea i hiki mai ai, alaila, o ka caldera o ka lua pele. Kēia cyclopean lua pele, i mea no ka hopena o unimaginable mana i loko o kona ōlaʻi, a ulu aʻe 642.000 makahiki aku nei. Pehea laila, Ua kipaku lehu a me ke kinoea mea ike ole ia, akā, i kēia hanana ua ikaika 'ole ma ke aniau o ko mākou Honua no ka mea e hiki mai ana Ka Wā Kaukani.

No ka hoʻohālike, kekahi o ka kŘpa a hou (ma ka 'ā ina hua'ōlelo) Etna lua, a i wahi eono tausani makahiki aku nei, a me ka mea i haneri o ka manawa nawaliwali ma mua o ke kala o ka caldera, kena ae la i ka nui kai eʻe. Ko läkou 'archaeologists i loaʻa ma ke Kaiwaenahonua. Ua Ua ea ae ia ka mea, ua i ke kumu no ka kaʻao e pili ana i ka Mea Paipala kaiakahinalii. Apparently, ko kākou mau kūpuna maoli noho ma na mea he nui lono kaumaha hanana laila wale holoi aku nā haneri o nā kūlanakauhale i loko o kekahi mau minute. Kupa o ka hooponopono Atlit-Yam ua oi Pomaikai, akā,ʻo kā lākou poʻe mamo e hoʻomau e kamailio e pili ana i ka weliweli nalu, crushes nā mea a pau i loko o kona alanui.

Inā no ka pilikia paha, e hele Yellowstone, o ka pele e e 2,5 tausani (!) Times oi loa aku kou mana, a me ka lehu i loko o ka lewa, e e hoʻokuʻuʻia i loko o 15 mau manawa hou ma mua o hōʻea maila nō ma hope o ka hope hoala mai la o Krakatoa, a ma kahi o 40 tausani kanaka make.

Pele -ʻAʻole nui

Smith ia ia iho i pinepine 'aloʻahia i ka pele - nīnūnē mea. He a me kona mau nā hoapili seismologists e olelo aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia o laila, ka mea e hiki mai ana olai, a e e akaka ikaika ma mua o ka ewalu ma ka Richter me ka unahiʻole. Ke National Park, a me ka manawa aneane kela makahiki no ka nīnūnē concussion. Harbingers o ka wā e hiki mai no hoi i: i ka 1959 i hiki mai ai ke ōlaʻi ana 7,3 heluʻai i kekahi manawa. Ua pepehi wale 28 kanaka, e like me na mea e ae i nui loa ka manawa e evacuate.

I mau, ke Yellowstone Caldera meaʻoiaʻiʻo, e lawe mai i na mea he nui hou aku ka Maʻi. Loa paha, ke nń lua i pele koke uhi i ka wahi, aole e emi malalo o hookahi haneriʻahā like kilomika, a laila, i ke kinoea pele, e umi i nā mea a pau e noho ana i loko o 'Amelika' Ākau. Paha ka nui lehu ao e hiki i nā kapakai o Europe i kekahi i kā mākou i kekahi mau lā.

Eia ka mea hūnā i Yellowstone Park. I ka hewa hahau i ka honua me ka unahiʻole,ʻaʻohe kekahi ike. Ua Ua manaolana i keia, e hiki mai ka nō loa lōʻihi.

He kokekau wale kükohu o ka malihini

Inā ka lua pele explodes, hiki ke hoohalikeia ke kanawai me ka detonation o ke kakini ikaika Melia Kao lele lako kaua. Ka Honua ka pńpa luna haneri o kilomika, e ala ōlaʻi i o mika kiʻekiʻe, a ua lalana ana ia ia i ai i pili ana i na haneri o kekelē Kelekia. Apana o ka pohaku ma ke ano o ka lua hopeʻia e bombard i ka ili o ka North America no kekahi mau lā. Ma ka lewa o nā tausani o ka manawa, e hoomahuahua i ka maʻiʻo o ka kalapona monoxide a me carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide a me nā hoʻopōʻino i huiʻia. He aha nō ka mea 'ē aʻe hopena o ka pele o Yellowstone?

I kēia lā, ka mea, ua manaoio aku la ia i ka Naita me ia, e puhi koke wahi o ma kahi o 1,000 ^km2. All US Koro a me ka nui o Canada, e lilo i ka wela waonahele no hoi ia. Aole emi malalo o 10 tausani kapuaʻi kuea kilomika koke uhi i ka ahu iho la ka ulaula-wela pōhaku, a e mau loa hoʻololi i ke ao nei!

No ka lōʻihi manawa, na kanaka i manaʻo i kēia lā Hoʻoweliweli 'o ia ka noho ae luku wale ia ana o nukelea kaua. Akā, i kēia lā, he mea na kumu e manao ia mākou i hoʻopoina i kekahi mea e pili ana i ka mana o ke ano. Ua Ua hoʻonohonoho i ka Honua i mau hau makahiki, oiai i make mai na tausani he nui o ka laha 'o nā mea kanu, nā holoholona a me nā manu. Oe ke ole e ai arrogant a me kuhi i ke kanaka - i ke aliʻi o ke ao nei. Mākou? Ueo Hiki no hoi e luku aku i ka ili o keia Honua mea i pinepine hiki mai ai i loko o ke Ka Wā Kaukani i hala iho nei.

He aha e ka oi pilikia lua pele?

Heʻeleu hana lua pele kekahi Honua? Ka papa inoa o ka poʻe 'oe ke ike ma lalo:

• Llullaillaco i loko o ka Andes.

• Popocatepetl ma Mexico (ka hope pele i ka 2003).

• Kluchevskoy Kamchatka. Ua lua i ka 2004.

• Mauna Loa. I ka makahiki 1868, Hawaii i literally holoi aku e ke kanaka nunui kai eʻe i ala ae la no ka mea, o kona hope.

• Fuji. Ke kaulana hōʻailona o Japan. Ka hope manawa "ka manaʻo o" ka Land o ka Mele Sun i ka 1923, ka wā kokoke e loaa ia i luku ai i oi aku mamua o 700.000 hale, a me ka helu o ka nalowale kanaka (i helu i nā mōhai i loaʻa) loa 150 tausani kanaka.

• Shiveluch, Kamchatka. Sopka lua i ka ia manawa.

• Etna, a mākou i olelo ia. Manaoia e e "hiamoe", akā, i ka lua pele malie - mea e pili ana.

• Aso, Japan. Ma kākau moʻolelo - oi ma mua o 70 pele.

• Ke kaulana Mount Vesuvius. Like Etna, oia i noonoo "make", akā, anapu koke resurrected i ka makahiki 1944.

Paha keia e e pau. E like me 'oe ke ike, no ka pilikia o ka pele i ukali pū manaʻo kanaka i loko o kaʻaoʻao o kona ulu ana a pau.