Zika wela: mea, lalau mai, symptoms, lapaʻau, Kāohi

he nui ka helu o nā mea hoʻomaʻi i hiki mai ma ke kaiapuni. Microorganisms i ole e ike i ka maka ke kapa e, i kekahi kanaka okoa maʻi. Kekahi o na pathogens hiki ke alakai i ka make. Zeke mea he mea weliweli loa mea hoʻomaʻi.

Ke causative Agena o ka maʻi

Zika wela - i ka maʻi i ke kumu o ka mea hoʻomaʻi o ka ia inoa. He He He lâlâ 'o ka genus Flavivirus. No ka mea manawa mua i ka mea hoʻomaʻi i 'akomi i loko o ke koko ma ka makahiki 1947, monkeys e noho i loko o ka nahele Sika (Uganda). Ia mea ke kumu keia inoa i ka causative Agena o ke kuni.

I ka 1948, Zika mea hoʻomaʻi, ua 'ike akula' epekema ma ka makika i noho i loko o ka hookahi nahele. Haʻawina i i ua mālama 'ia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma ka poe akamai i hōʻike i ka pathogen hiki iho mailoko o kānaka. Na hihia o kanaka maʻiʻaʻai i ua hōʻike 'ia ma ka makahiki 1952 (Uganda a me ka United Repubalika o Tanzania).

I ka laha ana o ke kuni

Kēia maʻi ma luna o ka wā lōʻihi o ka manawa i manaoia e noho malie hoi. A ua noho i outbreaks pili i kēia maʻi, e like me kuni Zika. Ma kekahi'āina, e kuhikuhi i ka causative hope? Nā mea'aʻaʻa i ka mea hoʻomaʻi i ua 'akomi i loko o kanaka ma Aferika a me South-East Asia (ʻAigupita, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, ka LepupalikaʻApelika Waena, Thailand, etc.). Ka ukupanee i loko o ka maʻi i waho i waena o nā kānakaʻimi noiʻi i loko o nā makahiki, i ka wa a ka maʻiʻaʻai e hoomaka ana e palahalaha ae hoʻomaka koke ma kela aoao o kona laulā.

Ka mua outbreak o ke kuni Sika i heluʻia ma luna o ka mokupuni o Yap ma ka moana Pakifika nei, a he hapa o ka Federated States o Micronesia. Ma hope o keʻena hoʻokolohua ho'āʻo ma hookupaa iho la ia 49 hihia o ka maʻiʻaʻai. A mau makahiki ma hope, i kakau kekahi outbreak ma French Polynesia. I 2013-2014, i anamanaʻo 32 tausani. People. National hoʻomakākiu'ōnaehana ua kakau hou ma mua o 8 tausani. Kēia hihia o ka maʻi. O kēia mau mea, 383 kanaka hookupaa iho la ia BVVZ (i ka maʻi, kena ae la ia e kekahi mea hoʻomaʻi Zika) ma hope o keʻena hoʻokolohua ho'āʻo ma.

I ka 2014, i ka maʻi i hele mai iʻAmelika Hema. Zika wela Ua diagnosed i loko o nā kupa o Easter Island. About o ka makahiki ma hope i loaʻa ka RNA o ka pathogen i loko o kanaka e noho ana ma ka northeastern hapa o Brazil. Mai January 2015 ma Pepeluali 2016 hihia o ka maʻiʻaʻai me ka mea hoʻomaʻi i hoʻopaʻa 'ia i loko o 44'āina. BVVZ lilo i global pilikia.

Ka mua hihia o ke kuni Zika ma Rusia

Ma Australia, China, Japan, Canada a meʻEulopa hoʻopaʻa wale "i laweia mai" hihia. ma ka hihia o ka haawi ana o kuni i kākau i loko o Rusia Zeke oo? enonei-?, hoi aku la i kā lākou'āina. Female (makahiki - 36 makahiki) i kekahi koena i loko o ka Lepupalika Dominican i loko o ka manawa mai ka 27 Ianuari a hiki i 3 February 2016. Mau ana i nahu ma ka makika, no ka mea, o ka mea maʻi ikea.

Zika wela hoike aku i ka lā o ka hoʻi. Oo? Enonei-? Manaʻo nawaliwali, discomfort i loko o ka abdomen. Hiki ana ma Rusia, ua hoomaka ae la e hai i ka kēia symptoms: e wehe ai i pā holoi, headache, wawe ma luna o ka pahu a me na mea kaua, kuni. A mau lā ma hope o ka hoi ana mai o ka wahine i hospitalized i loko o ka moku'āina o lōpū oolea. Kauka i kaulana kona oropharynx hyperemia, uuku poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole ma luna o ka maka, kumu a me ka lala, mea ulu ma cervical lymph aka wahi, kuni mai i ka 38 degere.

Ka hōʻike symptoms Ua 'ā ka lapaau, e lawe i ke alo o kekahi o na maʻi e like me dengue kuni, a me Zeke. Ka iapaau ana hiki ke hoakaka ia ma hope o pololeiʻike, wale. Ke hoʻomalu i ma keʻena hoʻokolohua Eia kekahi laʻana o ka mimi a me ke koko e ho'āʻo ai. Ma ka papa o nā haʻawina i loaʻa mea hoʻomaʻi RNA Zika.

I ka hoolilo ana o ka pathogen maʻaki

Nā moku halihali mokulele o ka mea hoʻomaʻi i makika o ka genus Aedes (Ae, Africanus, Ae. Aegypti, Ae. Albopictus). Ke pathogen komo i ke kino o insectʻaki ma hope o nā mea maʻi primates. Pehea e iho mailoko o monkeys - he nīnau i ka pane i ka i hiki ole hoʻolako ke kālā no 'epekema. Ke? Aieeeua o ka mea hoʻomaʻi ma ke ano mea IKE OLE IA.

People Zika wela ia lŘlŘ ma hope o omo ana iho mailoko o makika. I ka manawa o ke nahu nā mea hoʻomaʻi komo iloko o ke kanaka kino, e haawi ia ia i ka papa o na moku koko. Kēia pathogen EYI alanui ua kapaia transmissible.

Moe EYI o ka mea hoʻomaʻi

People iho mailoko me Zika kuni, i 'akomi i ka pathogen ole wale ma ka wai koko a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau, akā, i loko o semen, vaginal secretions. Keia mea ae i ka poe akamai i paipai i ka transmissive pololei o ka EYI mea i kū hoʻokahi. Ka mea hoʻomaʻi ke komo i ke kino o ke ola i ke kanaka i intimacy me ka hoʻomanawanui.

Aoaao wela nā kiʻie Sika i kākau i loko o Farani, Italy, i ka US, New Zealand a me Argentina. Ke causative Agena o ka maʻi ua i 'akomi i loko o ka tuha, mimi o ka maʻi kanaka. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe mea a ianoiyuaa aʻaʻohe hoike e kākoʻo i ka manawa kūpono o ka EYI o ka mea hoʻomaʻi ma hui 'ana me la kino fluids.

EYI o ka mea hoʻomaʻi a hiki i ka fetus i hāpai keiki a me ka nahunahu hanau

Zika wela hiki ke pū i hiki ai i ka bebe i hāpai keiki a me ka nahunahu hanau. Transplacental vertical EYI o ka mea hoʻomaʻi hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o intrauterine maʻiʻaʻai a me ka helehelena o malformations. Maʻiʻaʻai 'ia i hānau, e kauoha ana congenital maʻiʻaʻai.

Intrauterine maʻiʻaʻai hiki i:

• i ka Central ko mākou hopohopo oihana;
• fetal ulu retardation;
• placental insufficiency ;
• fetal make.

Zeke ma ke kuni i kakahiaka ma ka hāpai keiki paha e hoʻomōhala microcephaly. Kēia manawa poe akamai i maopopo loa ka iwi poʻo a me ka lolo. Keiki ka mea i keia complication, ma hope o ka hanau ana o ke poo ua ole e ulu ana. Microcephaly - he 'ano pohihihi keia kulana. Eia naʻe, i loko o 2015-2016 ua mahuahua nunui o ka helu ana o na keiki i hanau i keia pathology. Kēia mea ma muli o ke kuni Zika. I loko o kēia wā, he oi aku 5 tausani. Hanau keiki me ka microcephaly mai makuwahine iho mailoko o ia me ka mea hoʻomaʻi.

symptoms

Ma hope o kona nahu ma ka mosquito ia mea he lawe no ka mea hoʻomaʻi, ke incubation wā huli no. Kona lōʻihi like 'ole hiki e mai 3 lā i 2 pule. mua symptoms ana ma hope o ka incubation au. It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka lapaʻau hoike ana mai o ka maʻi e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o wale 20-25% o iho mailoko o kanaka. No kauka hiki ke mahuʻi mua o ia i ka maʻi, e like me kuni Zeke, ke kēia symptoms e e malama.

• hookahi kuni;
• wawe ma ka kumu a me kaʻaoʻao;
• ami eha;
• li nui o ka mucous membranes o na maka.

Kekahi e hoomanawanui i ohumu o ka eha i loko o nāʻiʻo a me ka opu, a me ka kokololio pinepine kolohe pā holoi, ka luaʻi, pruritus. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau symptoms o kuni Zika hōʻike loa kākaʻikahi.

ka lawelaweʻana mea

Ka wai koko a me ke koko lāʻau lapaʻau, tuha, mimi, semen - lako e pono no ka ka loaʻaʻana o ka maʻi i kuni Zika. ʻike, hiki ke hana ma cerebrospinal a me ka amniotic loli, ina he pono, i ka piko koko. I ka wā o ka make ana o ke kanaka study Eia kekahi laʻana o na nā loko (akepaa, hakuʻala, lolo, akemāmā).

Holo nōhie hoʻomalu hoolako wale koko mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku. Kēia ke kaʻina hana no ka hana i loko o ke kakahiaka. Koko i loko o ka pale i hoikeia ma 3-4 ml ho'āʻo şarkı me ka anticoagulant. A laila, ka mea, ua centrifuged e loaaʻi Honolulu Airport. Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo no ka hāpana hoʻomalu waiho mamua i ka polymerase kaulahao naoh (PCR):

• i oi aku mamua o 5 mau lā ma ka wela o ka 4-8 kekelē Kelekia ma;
• no ka mea, 1 ka makahiki i hua 6-20 degere;
• ma luna o kekahi, ua kīkoʻo akula au o ka manawa i ka wela o ka -70 kekelē Kelekia.

lāʻau lapaʻau hoomakaukau ia e maʻamau ki ina hana like. Ua Ua waiho waho a manaʻo o serological a me ka hakakino aaiaoe haʻawina i loko o ka lapaʻau 'ana' ole e like me wai koko.

ʻike, ua maliuia mai e pana aku au i 5-7 lā o ka maʻi, a ma 7-10 lā. Ma ka hebedoma mua o ka maʻi ma ka polymerase kaula naoh (PCR) i loko o nā Eia kekahi laʻana koko ohi hoikeia Zika kuni mea hoʻomaʻi -, aole i kona RNA. IgM nā mea'aʻaʻa i 'akomi i ma kahi o 5-6 lā o ka mai kuni. Ma ka pau ana o ka pule elua o ka maʻi ikea IgG papa nā mea'aʻaʻa i loko o ke koko o ka iho mailoko o kanaka.

wela lapaʻau

Ma nā'āina, koe Rusia, hospitalization o kanaka me symptoms o ka maʻi, kena ae la ia e kekahi mea hoʻomaʻi Zika hana wale ina clinically hōʻike. Ma Rusia, a pau ka okoa. All nā mea maʻi me ka hana kupua symptoms i hospitalized i loko o ka infectious haukapila kahi āna e undergoing ho'āʻo ma.

Zika wela, kona symptoms ikeia'ku, ia lŘlŘ IeAUPIIe, IAa IO mehana. Kauka i koi 'ia nā mea maʻi antipyretics waiho aku ka nui o ka hoʻomaha a me ka inu nui ana o fluids. Causal lapaʻau e hiki hoʻopau i ke kumu o Zika wela, aole ia i nei. Research institutes a me ka hoʻonohonoho 'poe e hana ana i ka hoʻomōhala antiviral ai'. Akā, ka mea, i ole i kauoha aku e kūkulu i ka huina hoonui i makemake e hiki, e luku aku i ka pathogen i loko o ke kanaka kino.

E e uku i ka hooponopono ana o ka hapai wahine me kuni Zika Special noonoo. A hiki i kaʻike, o ka maʻi i ka wahine e noho ana ma ka oihana i paipai acetylsalicylicʻakika. Ma ka trimester mua o ka hāpai keiki mea pono e hoʻokō 'ia i ka anamanaʻo. E paa ana ia ultrasound i kūpono i hoʻohana no ka invasive prenatalʻike. Nā hualoaʻa loaa ae mākou e hoʻoponopono i ka ninau o ka malama o ka hāpai keiki.

hiki complications

I ka 2015, i ka outbreak o BVVZ ma Brazil i kakau. Mākaukau e Loiloi i ke kulana, i mai la i ua mahuahua ka ulu helu o iho mailoko o kanaka i ka helu o nā mea maʻi me Guillain-Barre maʻi pale. He He ano ma i ke kanaka ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana e loli ai i kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

Ma ka hapanui o na, mea mehana kanaka me Guillain-Barre maʻi pale. Nā mea maʻi e hoailona oukou i loko o kona nawaliwali, a me ka tingling ma ka lalo a me lunaʻaoʻao. Kekahi kanaka i ka lōlō o nā wāwae, lima, lehalehu t nāʻiʻo. I loa na hihia o Guillain-Barre maʻi pale hele aku ai i lōlō o ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo, cardiac hopu. E like me ka hopena, e make ia lŘlŘ.

Hoʻomanawanui iki mai me Guillain-Barre maʻi pale, kuni kena ae la Zika, pono e ua hoʻonānā akahele (pono ka mālamaʻana o ke koko,, Heartbeat, ka hanu nā). I mea no ke aha maʻi kanaka, a hiki i ka mehana complications i i hospitalized.

kāohi ana

I mea,ʻaʻole ia eʻalo me ia i ka maʻi, e like me kuni Zika, Kāohi e ia i ke kēia:

1. People ka poe koho i ka wahi no kou Holiday'āina'ē, ka mea, o ke kumukuai o ka uku noonoo ana i ka'āina i noho pomaikai ma epidemiological hua'ōlelo.
2. Inā ka hoomaha ua hoʻopaʻa 'i loko o ka moku'āina, ma ke kumu o ke kuni mosquito, ia mea kupono e lawe insect repellent. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana 'ia nā pōpō malamalama lole e uhi loa o ke kino, e mālama ia mai nā mea kolo.
3. Ma na hotel mai e wehe i ka puka makani ole ka mea i pono i mosquito upena.
4. Oe no hoi Pono e pakele kipa i ka 'ūnelunelu. Wai pahu waihona (papale hainaka, pua ipu) e ke pio, a ua holoiʻia (a me kekahi mea e uhi), no ka mea, makika aloha pulu, a me ka lewa.

Mai hoopoina hoi i BVVZ hiki e ho'īli nā kiʻie hōʻikeʻike. Ma ka hoi ana mai o ka Holiday loko o 8 pule (me ka symptoms) e hahai i pakele keka (hana condoms a ninau aikane oe ihe). Ma ka hoailona mua o ka maʻi i kēiaʻaoʻao o ke ola, e i e makou no ka 6 mahina (ma ka liʻiliʻi loa).

Ma ka hopena, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana Zika kuni (lapaʻau, epidemiology, lapaau a me Kāohiʻana o ka maʻi) - he wela kumuhana. Maʻi, a i ole ia seriously no ka wā lōʻihi o ka manawa, i loko o nā makahiki i lilo i ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ke ola, a ola loa kanaka ma luna o ka Honua o. Kēia BVVZ nō i hoomaopopo loa: mai i ike i na complications i ke ala mai no i ka pathogen e e ulu vaccines a ai 'ana i ka mea hoʻomaʻi. Paha kēia mau nīnūnē e e hoʻonā i loko o ka wā e hiki mai kokoke, no ka mea, o ka wahine i ka hoʻolālā a me ka noiʻi institutes i hana i loko o kēia mau mea.