Abelyar Per. Medieval Palani poe akeakamai, haku mele a me ka mele

Abelyar Per (1079 - 1142) - ka loa poe akeakamai kaulana o ka Middle Ages - hele aku la ia ma ka moolelo like me ka 'ike kumu a me ka mentor, ka poe i ko lakou mau manao ma ke akeakamai i mea fundamentally okoa, mai ke koena. Kona ola ua paakiki ole wale no o ka hoa pāonioni me ka nui maliuia mai dogma; nui physical kaumaha i lawe mai Pierre aloha: maoli, ae a me ka oiaio. i hoakakaia A ola 'ōlelo a me ka maopopo hua'ōlelo poe akeakamai i kona paakiki ke ola i loko o ka autobiographical hana "ka moolelo o koʻu maikaʻiʻole nō ia."

Ka hoʻomaka o ka paakiki alanui

E manao ana i hilinai ai, mai kekahi kakahiaka nui elemakuleʻono no ka ike, Pierre hoole i ka'āina hoʻoili i loko o ke aloha o ka ohana, e i kaʻiʻia akula lākou i ka'ōleloʻana mai iā 'oihana i loko o ka pūʻali koa, e haawi ana ia ia iho loa i ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana.

Ma hope e ao ana Abelyar Per noho i loko o Paris, kahi i lilo ai ao ana i loko o ke kahua o ka theology a me ka kālaiʻike, a hope hoʻolimalima i aku la ia ia i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ke kaulana akamai dialectic. I kona haʻi'ōlelo, i mai akaka leo hone 'ōlelo, kanaka i hele pu mai nā mea a pau ma luna oʻEulopa.

he loa literate a me ka maikaʻi-heluhelu kanaka, kama'āina me na hana o Aristotle, Plato, Cicero Abelard ua.

Ka hoʻohuiʻana i nā manao o ko lākou mau kumu - kākoʻo o nā 'oihana likeʻole o ka manaÿo - Pierre i ke kino i kona iho'ōnaehana - conceptualism (kekahi awelike ma waena o nominalism a me ka realism), mea fundamentally okoa mai ka manao o Champeaux - Palani akeakamai a me ka nani. Kumu e ku e ia Abelard Champeaux ua no ka hoomaopopo ana i ka la mahope, a hiki alters lākou mau manaÿo, a hoomaka ae la hope e huāhuā ka Pierre kaulana, a lilo iho la ia i kona hoohikiʻenemi - kekahi o na mea he nui.

Per Abelyar: ao

Pierre i loko o kona mau palapala hoaponoia mai pilina ma waena o ka manaoio a me ka kumu, hoopakela aku i ka hope. E like me ka poe akeakamai,ʻaʻole ke kanaka e manaoio blindly, e like no ka mea, ua maliu mai i loko o ka lehulehu. Pierre Abelard ka ao nei i ka manaoio pono e rationally hoaponoia, a hoʻoikaika i loko o ia i kekahi kanaka - i akamai - hiki wale otshlifovyvaya na ike ma dialectics. Manaoio o ka mea wale nō mea mahuʻi e pili ana i na mea i mea ole loaʻa kanaka manaʻo. Ma ke huahana "Ae, aʻaʻohe," Per Abelyar, iki ke kapakai a Mea Paipala kaha puana'ī excerpts mai o nā palapala o nā kāhuna, kālailai i ka manao o ka mea i hala, a loaa inconsistency i loko o nā māmala'ōlelo e hōʻike ana e kipaku aku. A ka mea, i mahiki aku kanalua ma luna o kekahi ekalesia dogma a me Christian ao. Aka hoi, Abelyar Per aohe kanalua i ka papa kuhikuhiE i ho'ākāka 'o Kristiano; oia wale kaumaha akula ia i ka manao kaʻaluna. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka nele i ka naʻauao o ka Palapala Hemolele hui me ka makapo manaoio, Ua like me ka hana ana o ka hoki ka mea ike ole i ka hookahi kulu i loko o ke mele, akā, ho'āʻo paakiki, e wehe mai i ka mea i maikai keʻoli.

Abelard ka kālaiʻike i loko o na naau o na mea he nui kanaka

Per Abelyar, he akeakamai a i loaʻa i ka wahi i loko o na naau o na mea he nui kanaka ka poe e ole e ae mai ka excessive modesty a me ke akea kapa ana ia ia iho i ka poe akeakamai wale ana o kekahi mea e ku ana ma ke ao nei. ka mea, ua he nui ke kanaka i kona manawa: na wahine aloha ae la ia a me ka mahaloʻia e nā kānaka. Abelard loaʻa ka nani reveled i piha.

O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka Farani poe akeakamai o "ʻAe, aʻaʻohe", "ʻano o waena o ka poe akeakamai, a me ka Karistiano Iudaio", "E ike oe ia oe iho", "Christian theology".

Pierre, a Eloise

Naʻe, ka hapanui o ka nani o Peter Abelard i lawe ole haʻi'ōlelo, a me ka pilialoha mōʻaukala, alakai aku ai i ke aloha o kona ola ana, a lilo iho la ia i ke kumu o ka hana 'ia i loko o ka wā e hiki maiʻi nō. Koho poe akeakamai palaka no ia, ua ka nani Heloise, ka mea i 20 makahiki kaikaina ma mua o Pierre. He umikumamahiku makahiki kahiko kaikamahine i ka makua, a ua laweʻia mai i loko o ka hale o kona makua kāne Canon Fulbera ole chayavshego i loko o kona naʻau.

Ma ka ia i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō Eloise ua precocious literate a me ka hiki ke olelo mau 'ōlelo (he Roma, Greek, Hebera). Pierre, ka mea i kono e ao aku Fulberom Eloise, haule iho ma ke aloha me ia ma mua maka. A me kāna haumāna mahalo i ka thinker nui a me ka haumāna, i hauʻoli ai i loko o kona poe i waeia kekahi, a ua makaukau e hana i kekahi mea i kēia poʻe naʻauao, a me ka maikai ke kanaka.

Per Abelyar: A Kawaihae o ke aloha kaumaha

Great poe akeakamai ma ka pilialoha wā i ho'āʻo ai iā ia iho no hoi me he haku mele a me ka haku mele, a kakau iho la no ke keiki kanaka maikai aloha mele, oia koke lilo mahalo.

Ma o ka pilina ma waena o ipo i na mea a pau, akā, Heloise, ke akea ke kahea aku nei oia ia ia iho Pierre ke aloha, ka mea 'aʻole i bother; ma ka mea ku ole, oia ua haʻaheo, e kiʻi iā ia i ke kūlana, no ka mea, ua ia, he makua, Abelardʻano maikaʻi a me ka wahine koikoi fawned ma konaʻaoʻao. Mea i aloha ai i Eloise ma Brittany, kahi hanau mai la ia he keikikane, ka mea i i haʻakoiʻia heʻelua wahi e haʻalele i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o nā malihini. Lākou mau keiki, ka mea i ike ole e ike hou.

Ma hope, Per Abelyar a Heloise malu mare; ina o ka mare i i lehulehu, i ole Pierre ke e ka uhane haku nui, a kūkulu i nâ poe akeakamai. Eloise, opting no ka uhane ana o ka ke kanaka a me kona 'oihana (kahi o ke kaumaha ola me ka kamaiki diapers a me ka mau loa ipu), huna iho la i kona mare ana, a ma luna o kona hoi ana i ka hale o ka makua kāne mai la i ke aloha Pierre.

Huhū Fulber hiki i hele mai i ka olelo a me ka pono haule ana o ua kaikamahine nei, a kekahi po pu me kona mau kānaka kōkua komo aku la i ka hale o Abelard, kahi āna i moe ana, i nākiʻiʻia, a castrated. Ma hope iho o kēia brutal physical hainā Pierre hoi aku ai i ka 'Abe o Saint-Denisskoe a Heloise lilo i Nuna, i loko o ka hale mōneka Arzhanteyskom. Ka mea, he makemake i ka honua aloha ka pōkole, a me nā kino, a mau ae la ia mau makahiki, i pau ai. I aku o ka lanakila, ka mea e huli i loko o kekahi 'ano' okoʻa ke kahua - uhane closeness, incomprehensible a me ka inaccessible i na kanaka.

Kekahi e ku e theologians

Hope e noho ana no kekahi manawa ma ka malū, Abelyar Per laila, lecturing, e ae ana i ka noi lehulehu mai nā haumāna. Naʻe, i loko o keia manawa, lalau iho la ia i na mea kaua e ku ei ka Orthodox theologians mea i loaʻa i loko o ka hoonoho "Introduction i Theology" mea i ku ei ke Church ao ho'ākāka o ka dogma o ka Trinity. Kēia i ke kumu no ka hoopii ana o ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo o ka poe akeakamai; kona hoonoho i ke ahi, a me ka Abelard hoopaaia ma ka hoailona o St .. Medard. Oia ka nui'ōlelo i kauoha nui'ōhumu mai me ka Palani clergy, dignitaries, he nui o ka i nā haumāna o Abelard. No ia mea, Pierre a laila i haawiia ae e hoʻi i St. Denisskoe Abbey. Akā, he oiaio, aole oia i hoike mai i kona individuality, e hoike i ko lakou wahi iho o ka hoomaopopo, ma mua o hoʻonui i ka inaina o ka mōneka. Ke pā like o ko lākouʻeha ma ka naʻau i ka puka o ka oiaio e pili ana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā oiaio o ka 'Abe. E like me ia Pierre Abelard, ka mea, ua i Dionisiy Areopagit - ka haumāna o ka lunaolelo Paul, a me ka poe i noho ma ka nui ma hope manawa, kekahi haipule. Mai ka huhu poe akeakamai ua mōneka e holo; He loaʻa puʻuhonua, i loko o ka wao nahele ma ka Seine, kokoke Nogent, kahi ona e waiho ana - kōkua i hiki aku ai i ka oiaio, hui ma na haneri o nā haumāna.

Pierre Abelard hoomaka hou hoomaau, ma muli o ia i kona manao, e haʻalele France. Naʻe, i kēia manawaʻo ia i koho'Abota o Saint-Zhildskogo hoailona, kahi āna i hoʻohala ai i ka 10 makahiki. Eloise i hāʻawi Parakletsky hoailona; koi aʻelaʻo ia me kona mau Nuna, a me Pierre e kokua ia ia ma ka hooponopono ana o ka mea.

Ka ahewa ana o ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo

I ka 1136, Pierre hoi i Paris, kahi hoomaka hou oia e haʻi'ōlelo ma St. kula. Genevieve. Pierre Abelard ka mooolelo, a ike i ka pomaikai i ole haawi koena i kona poe enemi, o ka oi aku Bernard o Clairvaux. Poe akeakamai kekahi manawa hou i hoomaau. Ua wae Mai Pierre hana nā kaha puana'ī me? aaei, mea fundamentally kue i ka lehulehu manao, i alakai aku ai i hana hou ia e hāʻiliʻili aku o ka hoʻopiʻopiʻo. Hōʻuluʻuluʻia ma ka Hale Pule Nui o ka neʻeʻana Bernard hana me Ka Loio Hoʻopiʻi, a eia nae kona mau manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē, ua nawaliwali lawa, pâʻani 'o ia i ka nui a Mānoa keiki, a me ka Pope; Hale Pule Nui Abelard hai aku i ka heretic.

Abelard a Heloise: pu ia ma ka lani

Hana ino ia mai Abelard i olu ia Petero i ke kaulana o -'Abota klyuinsky, mua i loko o kona Abbey, a laila, i loko o St. Markella hoailona .. Aia sufferer no ke ku okoa ana o ka manao ua pau kona pilikia ala i loko o ke ola; He make ma April 21 1142, ma ka 63 makahiki o ka makahiki. His Eloise make i ka 1164; ka mea hoi ua 63 makahiki. Ka hui i Ua kanu pu ia ma Parakletskom Abbey. A pau ia i ka lukuia, i kaʻi aku i ka lehu o Pierre Abelard, a Heloise i Paris i loko o ka pā ilina o Pere Lachaise. A hiki i kēia lā, mau ipo mau tombstone ua hoʻonaniʻia me nā lei.