Ale: ano o ka nalu a me ka nalu ho'ākāka 'ana. Ano o ka electromagnetic a me ka acoustic ale

i ka nalu i wale i loko o ka wai. Ka mea, he poe kani, ka malamalama, a no laila, ma luna o. D. Pehea la e hiki ai ia ia, a me ka mea i ka nalu i nā mea a pau?

o Mānoa,

Kēia manawa ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o nā' epekema kula, akā, oi loa aku hoi ma ke kālaikūlohea. E like me keia terminology hahau i ka propagation o oscillations - he nalu. Definition o ka poe noonoo ole, akā, ma ka ike maopopo ia mea,ʻaʻole pēlā mea. Ke kanaka (particles) e ole ke oni, akā, wale neʻe kokoke lākou equilibrium kulana. Ua penei i ka piʻia: ka mea, i ka mea o ka ikehu hoolilo me ka loli ma ka mea. I kekahi manawa i ka hana, akā, wale me kaʻaoʻao kanawai. O ka poe i kekahi manawa, i ke kai, pono ke manao wale ana ia i ka nalu.

Mea e manaʻo ai, nae - e Aloha i ka mea wale nō mea e pono ai i ka ike, ka wā 'alo i keia kŰia. He aha ka mea nui o ia mea, ua nui pili loa ua hoʻopili i nā fluctuations no laila, ka mea e hele ana i hoʻopaʻa haʻawina pu, nā ma ka kumumanaʻo, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa.

me Kinohi

Nā nalu hiki e ua loaʻa i loko o kekahi mau aoao. Ke kumu no kā lākou hanana mea mau he pīhoihoi (particles), a wehe ia mai o ka kaulike. Ua hiki ke hana ma ka mea o kūikawā manaʻo, e like me antennas paha radiators. A eia hoi, ka mea hiki ia, no ka hanana o instabilities i loko o ka hihia o ka ikaika makani, no ka mea, o ka a ka wai kahe ripple.

I ka moolelo o këia ka kŰia

I ka like o keʻano papa hana o ka hanana a me ka propagation o nä hawewe i loko o ka kela 'epekema ka hoʻopaʻi' ana e like me oceanography, seismology, mechanics, Acoustic, lāʻau lapaʻau, a, o ka papa, ke kālaikūlohea like me ka a pau, e like me na mea e ae, i hana i na mea he nui pono-ikeiaʻepekema. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea nui wale na makana i ma ka GermanʻImi Loa Genrih Gerts. He hoʻokumu kekahi lauana a loaa mua oleʻike manaʻo e pili ana i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o electromagnetic a nalu, e like me 'ākeʻakeʻa, diffraction a me ka polarization. Kona haʻawina i hope hoʻohana 'e kūkulu i ka Radio. O ka holo ana, ua'ē aʻeʻepekema, ka poe i aʻo i kēia kŰia a me ka poe i i ka hooulu ana o ka 'epekema he nui na makana no, no kekahi laʻana, Maxwell, akā, i immortalized i loko o ka Hertz mokuna o ka nalu alapine (frequency) kāu mahele ia inoa.

'ano o nä hawewe

He nui Mea Maluna e like me ka mau ana hoʻohālike. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea, o ka olelo o ka oscillation o ka nalu. Ano o ka nalu ma luna o kēia ana: lonikū, transverse, hui. Aia mau loa naʻano likeʻole o ka Hoʻohui 'ia: he hōʻike o nā nā helu kaulike, anahonua, āina a puni, a no laila, ma luna o ..

He mea nui i loko o ka wā o keia kŰia ka mea hou i loko o ka waiwai, aole ia e hōʻike i ka e hoʻololi wale i ka hoʻolālā o na (particles), a haawi ala i kekahi mau hanana. Ma hua'ōlelo no ka pokole o ka mea hiki ke olelo ia e like me ka malamalama,ʻano, kani, pāhawewe, a me kaʻike makaʻole i ka maka, a no laila, i ka ikehu .. Ma hoʻi, ka mea hiki e hoʻolaha no hoi.

Eia hou, i kekahi kūlana me mechanical a me nä hawewe electromagnetic. Ano o ka nalu, mai ka waeʻano mua hiki no hoi ke mahele ia i loko o laholio a me ka poe i ana ma ka waiʻili. Kēia Mea Maluna nā i ka noonoo ana o ka propagation meakino. I mau, ka iniiaiie a me ka loa kaulana mahele ka loaʻa wale kani a me nä hawewe electromagnetic. About ia i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, a e e kūkākūkā i hou au mamuli.

mau hōʻikeʻano

Kekahi nalu i ka helu o ka waiwai a me ka mea kiko'î a me i ka mea hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma. Mua, ka mea, o kona lōʻihi, a ua hoʻokohu 'like λ (lambda). Eia hou, ka mea, i ke alapine (frequency), i ka wā a me ka māmā. Kaawale hoʻokuʻu akula wavefront a me luna, a laila i ka lākou o nā kumu a mea i loko o ka ia pae, a me ka laau a me ka maʻi lele e hoike ana i ka olelo o ka propagation.

A me na mea kiko'î a mau hope hou pili i kekahi Mea Maluna. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka nalu mua i e spherical a me ka palahalaha. E Nohie ho, a i ka hoʻoponopono i kekahi pilikia e noonoo i laloʻili, akā, ina he nui loa, mai ke kumu wale. No ka pau o kēia mau 'ano, a hoʻokuʻu akula nāʻano o nā nalu.

examples

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka loa intelligible mea e like me ka halulu ana o ke kaula a me nā nalu ma luna o ke kai, he mea hiki, e manaʻo kekahi e pili ana i na koʻikoʻi a hanohano ma luna o ka wai, ka pukaʻana mai o ka kiola pōhaku, Naita me ia, moe ma ka palupalu mattress, a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻeʻike manaʻo. Ultraviolet a welaʻula kukuna, e like me ka mea i audible i ka pepeiao o känaka - mea a pau hoike ana mai o ka ia kŰia o propagation nalu. Ano o nä hawewe e ai like, a me ka mea, ia lakou iho e ai multifaceted, i mea maoli paakiki e manaoio i na mea okoa mea, ma ka mea, i ka ia ano.

Sound hawewe: Features

A lohe haawi kekahi kanaka i ka nui o ka 'ike e pili ana i ke ao nei. Akā, me ka nalu, keia makemake e hiki ole. Sound oko a mea pili i ka laholio. Lākou peculiarity ninoieo i loko o ka mea ana i ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, a me, ka alapine (frequency) o ia i ke kiʻekiʻe i loko o earshot. No ke kanaka, ka laulā mea mai ka 20 a hiki i 20,000 Hertz. Kekahi mea haʻahaʻa ua kapaia infrasound, a ma luna - ultrasound. Ka mua Ua nō poorly hoomaopopo, akā, i ka lua o ka ua hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia ma ka' epekema, lapaʻau, a he nui nā mahinaʻai. Mau mea na ano o nä hawewe kani. Ko lakou mau ano e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma na mea kiko'î a me lōʻihi, alapine (frequency) a me ka hui pu ana o kekahi mau 'ole o ka kamakawiwo ole. Hilinaʻi ma luna o ka mea, niioaaonoaaiii, ka leo, kukulu iho a me ka timbre.

Like kekahi'ē aʻe ka nalu, i ke kaniʻana o ke ano maoli, kena ae la ia e kuekueni. Ua hiki ke ikeia, no kekahi laʻana, e ku ana ma ka Concert aʻe a hiki i ke kia ao. Hawewe ke hoʻopulapula ma na mea he nui ke ano o ka hana kūpono, me wai a me ka paa. Ma ka holo ka mea, ua manaoio aku no lakou ia e inaudible leo. I mea no ke aha no laila, pinepine hōʻino mai i Hollywood filmmakers e pana, e hoohuli me ka nunui a me ka leo nui Naita me ia i loko o ka holo i kahi hakahaka. I ka like o ke kani kuekueni a me ka hawewe kani i hala loa i kekahi mahele nui o ko ke kālaikūlohea - Acoustic. He loa hoihoi 'epekema he nui kona mau aoao e pili ana ma koʻu ola. No ka laʻana, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ike ana o Acoustic papahana Concert a me ke keaka mele keʻena e hoohalike ai, ua maopopo audible ma nā wahi.

Pokole o ke kani ke kanaka a me ka holoholona mea aie a hiki i ka huli ana o ke ÿano kuekueni i loko o pou no lepa. Kēiaʻano papa hana ka loa eiiieaen, akā, kona nui hiki ole ke overemphasized. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hiki ke olelo mai e pili ana i ka leo ma nā mea a pau. Hiki nō ke hoʻohana iā lākou i nā mea, e hoʻouna i 'ike, e hoʻololi i ka naʻau i loko. Ka mea, lakou aloha ia kanaka, a hiki ina ka mea, i mai o ka earshot. I mea no ke aha la he mea, no ka mea hoike, i ka manaʻo o ka "halulu haumia ea". Per pa alima buke i loaa ia mea keʻokeʻo, no laila, i kapaʻia ma hope o ke nä känaka 'epekema A. Bell, inventor o ke kelepona.

Ka waiwai a me ka ano o nä hawewe electromagnetic

Akā, he mea he kūikawāʻano o ka oscillation, me ka i ia mea paakiki e noonoo ai i naʻiʻo nō o kēia ola. Mobile kaul, nā pūnaewele kamaʻilio, Radio, hawewe umu, a he nui nā manaʻo makemake ole nei ina mea i ole, ua wehe ae ia i nä hawewe electromagnetic. A i ka mea makemake e hiki ole ke ike nei au kala like 'ole, a me ka malamalama makemake ole nei. Pehea la e hiki ai oe ke manao ia?

Akä naÿe i keia ano o ke kani oscillations ke hoʻopulapula ma kekahi meakino, a me ma vacuo, a me kā lākou mämä holo o ka mämä holo o ka malamalama. I mea, i kēia 'ano o ka nalu, oia ka propagation o electromagnetic a mahinaʻai i ka makahiki a me ka manawa. Lākou 'ole ka loa hana hoihoi, no ka mea, he a mau wahi. ʻume mākenēki a me ka uila mahinaʻai i alternately paha kekahi i kekahi, a haawi ae la ae ÷ haku vectors. Kekahi o na kumu nui hiʻona o ia ka nalu - ia mea mau transverse. Eia hoʻi, ia mau pili ana i ka hoʻonui.

Maopopo ma waena o nāʻano o ka electromagnetic a nalu, ke kaumaha ma muli o ko lākou lōʻihi. Aia nō 6 nui ka poʻe hao wale, mai ka loihi a hiki i ka shortest:

• Radio ale;
• he pāhawewe, i loko o nā hua'ōlelo, ka wela;
• hiki i ka malamalama a me ke kala;
• ultraviolet malamalama;
• X-kukuna;
• gamma pāhawewe (me ka pāhawewe).

Ua oiaio mea kokoke ole e hoi i noonoo ai i ke ao nei me ka mea a pau i kēia mauʻike manaʻo.