Alexander Zholkovsky: i kona ola a me ka hana

Linguist, kākau moʻolelo, ka palapala, ai manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni Alexander Zholkovsky ma Rusia i keia la ua ka hapanui ike wale i ka ololi hoʻomalu. ʻOiai konaʻepekema i ka manaʻo nui i no 'Imi ke kino, a ma ko lakou lilelile a me ka freshness. Mākou hōʻike e pili ana pehea ua i ke ola ana o keia hana hoihoi ke kanaka, a me kona mau makakū ala.

Kamaliʻi a me nā kêia kanaka

Hânau 'ia' ana i nä känaka 'epekema Alexander Zholkovsky September 8, 1937 ma Moscow i loko o ka loa hoihoi' ohana. Kona makuwahineʻo Debora Semenovna Rybakova i ike musicologist, Ph.D., ua ao mai la mele mōʻaukala ma ka Moscow Conservatory a me Music College. Makua Constantine Zholkovsky Platonovich make ana e komo i loko o ke koʻi kayaking ma ka White Sea, ua wā i kana keiki ia wale nō kekahi mau mahina. Alyx ka makua kāne (no laila, a pau ua malie kapa Zholkovsky) auou caiaiai i ka lua o kane o koʻu makuwahine, Lev Abramovich Mazel - kaulana Soviet musicologist, Kumu ma ka Moscow Conservatory. Iloko o ke kaua, ke keiki ua me kona mau makua evacuated i Sverdlovsk. Akā, kupuna wahine a me maternal kupuna kāne, ka mea i noho ma Kiev, ku i ka Kelemānia ia, a make iho la i loko o Babi Yar.

ho okumu

I ka makahiki 1944, hoʻi i ka 'ohana i Moscow, a me Alexander Zholkovsky hele i ke kula helu 50, kahi āna i puka' o ia me ka hanohano i ka makahiki 1954. Ua ae ia ia me ka hookolokolo, akā, wale no ka hālāwai ninaninau, e hele i ke kula nui. He koho i ka 'ihiʻihi ka'Āuna Kumu o Philology, Romance-Germanic lala o Moscow State University. M. Lomonosov. Kona elelo ua English specialization. Student Zholkovsky ua he ikaika, aʻo maikaʻi, akā, ideologically oi noa. I loko o ia makahiki hope loa ka mea, ua ku pono ia i ka Komsomol ke anaina kanaka, a loaa ka reprimand, ia i ka manawa ia e pani 'akomi' ia ma ka puunaue ana i kekahi oi a emi kohu kūpono Hawaii.

Alanui Soviet nä känaka 'epekema

Ma hope o ka puka, Alexander Zholkovsky, mahalo i ka uwao ana, a alakaʻi o ke kumu, he ua mahaloia nä känaka 'epekema Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha Iwanowa, hui i ke keʻena hoʻokolohua o ka mīkini unuhi ma ka Institute o na Languages. Thorez. Ka mea, ua ka wale 'epekema kula, i mea ole makau i ka lawe i ka noa-thinker. He hoʻomaka me ka papa kiʻekiʻe lunaʻenehana, a laila, lilo iho la i Junior noiʻi hope , a a laila kū aʻela i ka papa kiʻekiʻe kanaka noiʻi. Zholkovsky hoʻoili i loko o mall semantics, a ua hoʻomaopopo i kona mau 'atikala i poʻokela linguist Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. He kono ka uʻi nä känaka 'epekema i loko o kona hana pae, a laila, hoʻomohala i ka pähola' o "kikokikona-manaʻo" 'ike hopeʻaneʻane hoʻokahuli aupuni. E like me ka hopena o ke alu like 'ana i ike ai i ka malamalama o kekahi mau paʻi puke ma luna o ka lexical hiʻona a me ka mana wehewehe combinatorial puke wehewehe'ōlelo o ka Lūkini' ōlelo. Ulu o ka pähola 'ana o nā pūʻulu ma ka Soviet Union i i ulu, i paʻiʻia ma ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo wale nō i loko o ka 80s ma Vienna, Melchuk emigrated ma hope. Ke keʻena hoʻokolohua laila, ua he maoli hui freethinkers, no ka mea, ma ka mea, a pau ua loli.

I ka 1974, ia i kī mai Zholkovsky MGPI. Keia mea no ka mea, ma hope o ka expulsion o Solzhenitsyn ka wahi freethinking ka pilina nui huikau, ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka maoli maʻemaʻe o ka' epekema kulanui. Alexander māhunehune kauoha aku e kiʻi i kekahi 'oihana ma ke kula, "Informelectro" ma ka Group hana Yu Apresian ma lalo o kaʻaʻahu o ka lokomaikai hoi o ka mea kuhikuhi S. G. Malinina. Ka hui nui i ka palapala, a hana Mel'chukov mīkini unuhi. I keia la, i ka hana o keia pae i ua hoʻomano 'ike a me ka' Imi paʻi nā hualoaʻa a.

ia hoʻi

Ma ia laua me ka hana i loko o ka hui Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky këia i loko o puka kula o ka Institute o'Ākia Languages ma Moscow State University. Ke theme like ana o ka hana i ka 'ōlelo Somali mea lahaʻole. I ka makahiki 1968, ua pau i ka ia hoʻi, Alika ua hoouna Hōʻuluʻulu, akā, hooponopono ana o ka Institute hoomaka ae la e hoonawaliwali ai i ka mea e malu ai. Ke kumu no ka mea - Zholkovsky kakauinoa i ka palapala i kākoʻo mai o ka hopu dissidents a me Ginzburg Galanskov hoopiiia o ka e pili ana me ka mahele ana i samizdat. Ke Institute Ua haalele iho mai ka dissertation ahalunakanawai pane i ka kia-puka Zholkovsky. I ka hāʻule o ka makahiki 1968 e hiki mai ai i ka Soviet kaua o Czechoslovakia, a ua hou Alex i waena o nā protesters. MGPI'ōnaehana hoʻoholo e kāpae i dissident, aʻaʻole e hāʻawi iā ia i ka hoomalu ana. Akā, e Hāʻule maila lākou i ka hoʻokuʻu loa 'ia o ka lehulehu kulanui, a ua hoike aku au e kākoʻo Zholkovsky. E like me ka hopena, i loko o ka luawai o ka makahiki 1969 ka mea, ua hiki ia brilliantly hele hoopakele ana i ke kaʻina hana, a me ka hope, e loaa apono o ka WAC. Mea i ka mea wale dissident humanist holomua pale.

makahiki o ke pio

Kuokoa a me ka akamai Aleksandr Zholkovsky, kona Kawaihae ua ua hoʻopili i ole wale 'epekema akā, no hoi a hiki i ke kaua,ʻaʻole au e hiki pono i loko o ka Soviet aku o ka lanakila, a ma ka 1979 emigrated - mua i Vienna, a laila, i loko o ka US, i kona wahi i noho mau loa mai. No kekahi mau makahiki, ua hana ma Cornell University, a me ka mai 1983 - ma ke Kulanui o Kaleponi Hema. Ua Alexander Zholkovsky, nona ka Hawaii photo mea i loko o kekahi 'ōlelo puke noiʻi kūʻikena, neʻe aku mai kaʻoʻoleʻa structuralism hoomaka ae la e kākau i ka puke e pili ana i ka poʻokela Lūkini kākau moʻolelo, ua kekahi hoʻokō i loko o ka pepa (essay), novellistka.

mau buke

Mea kākau Alexander Zholkovsky, kona puke i keia la i ka hale hānai kaiapili o admirers, ua palapala aku ma mua o 30 akeakamai hana a me memoirs, e like me aneane 400 'atikala. Ka oi kaulana i waena o ka lehulehu mau la i kana hana i loko o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ke ano moʻokalaleo Ke unfabled Ana Aina. Ka maikai-ike puke i Zholkovsky "Stars a me ka uuku nervously," "lapuwale a me nā vignettes o ka mea maikaʻi a", "Pasternak Poetics", "Mikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics o mistrust. "