Ano o ka meaola paʻi. Table? Aneii? Ueo

Ka hiki o nā mea ola, e paʻi i ko lakou mau ano ua kapaʻia nā'ōlelo. Pela aaiaoe mea ua hoolilo i ka MOKUNA XXXIII a me ka ae o ka makua ano i ka loli iki ana degere, a ikea mai la e e wehewehe aku i hui ma lalo meaola.

Kind procreation

ʻepekema, ua hōʻike 'ka papa kuhikuhi ano mau o nā'ōlelo o ka meaola. Ua hiki e nā kiʻie paha asexually. I ka mua hihia, hōʻike hou pono MOKUNA XXXIII No 2 specimens, a ma ka lua o ka hoʻokahi wale nō lawa.

I ka asexual nā'ōlelo he hou meaola mńlie mai somatic keena. Ma ke ano maoli, loaʻa nō kekahi mau 'ano o ka procreation me ka' īnea i nā loko. O nā cloning, i opuu ae, fragmentation, sporulation, puunaue, cloning.

I ka moe nā'ōlelo, hou meaola i waho mai, mai ka hoʻokuʻi pū o ka hana kūikawā reproductive aeee kapa gametes, a me ka mea mahope kahua o ka zygote. Kēia iaoia Ua oi holomua like like me asexually.

Hoohalike i ka pomaikai

It E e kaulana i nā hakakā o ka procreation i ko lakou mau pono. No ka laʻana, ma laila nō ke kēia mau pono biologists asexual nā'ōlelo:

• hana e pāʻani i ka nui helu o na kanaka;
• keiki kohu ka makua meaola ma luna o nā mea a pau kai.

Kēia hana o ka paʻi hou kanakaʻo ia ka mea hiki ke koke loaaʻi lehulehu keiki kakou nana. He mea pono no ka laha 'e noho ma ka ikaika ana. Ua mea ola, a me ka lehulehu kūlike loa nā'ōlelo o nā kope o ka maternal meaola o ke ano o asexual nā'ōlelo. Kēia hana o ka hana keiki kakou nana hoʻohana 'ana i nā mea kanu a me protozoa.

Akā, moe nā'ōlelo ano o ka holomoku hapanui o ka poʻe e ola ana mea. He hiki ke hōʻoia i ka aaiaoe ka nohona o nā nāʻaha hui iho loaa specimens. Ua apono 'ia e koke ke hakuloli i huli hou ana o ke ola. Aia hoʻi, i ke kahua o ka hou pu ana o nā'ōewe o ka meaola ia lŘlŘ makua.

Kind o asexual nā'ōlelo keiki

Aia i kekahi mau aoao e kiʻi pili meaola ole germ keena. Ko lakou mahele kālaimeaola. Nā'ōlelo, ano keia ano o ka hui ma lalo meaola ma i aole hoʻololi i ole, hiki ke nānā 'ana ma luna o kekahi a oi ka mahele ana i keena.

Ma ka mea mua pela ua kaʻawale 'ano apau loa.

• Single ole Plural (schizogony) aeea mahele;
• sporulation;
• ,? a? i opuu ae.

I ka mahele ana i ka halepaahao pūʻulu Mea Maluna Ua hana like penei:

• fragmentation;
• i opuu ae multicellular meaola (e laʻa me, hooponopono pookela).

Kēlā me kēia no kēia mauʻano o asexual nā'ōlelo i kona mau ano.

ano o ka pilikia ka pua

Ke easiest koho o ka mau mahele. He typical o na mea he nui simplest. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike asexual multiplication ma aeaie fission: amoeba, ciliates slipper euglena'ōmaʻomaʻo.

He ākea noonoo sporulation. He ano oʻaneʻane nā mea kanu, fungi, a me kekahi mau hemahema hoi prokaryotic meaola (e like koʻohune a uliuli-uliuli līoho).

A helu o unicellular a me ka multicellular meaola, aia no he mea iʻano o ka? Aneii, e like i opuu ae. Kēia ka hana like penei: kuia ke akaka ma luna o ke kino o ka makuwahine, i maoli ka nui. Ma ka mea hookahi no laila, loaʻa nō i nā lā mua o ko nā mea a pau nā loko. A hiki aku i ke kaʻina terminates, i opuu ae ia lŘlŘ. Kēia nā'ōlelo iaoiaeii ua hoʻohana 'coelenterates (hooponopono pookela), unicellular (hūʻole, i kekahi mau ano ciliates).

Akā, i kekahi ke kuhikuhi aku i nā examples o asexual nā'ōlelo o ka meaola. No laila, mai hoʻopoina e pili ana i fragmentation. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, ka makua kanaka ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau wahi. Mai kela mea keia mea o lakou i hana i ka hou meaola. No ka laʻana, hiki ke wawahiia filamentous līoho Spirogyra ma kekahi wahi. Elua māhele i loko o ka wā e hiki mai, e loaa mau hou kino.

No ka mea kanu wehewehe aku ma ka vegetative propagation. E like me ka rula o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana ia, aole ia i oko mai o ka opuu ae paha fragmentation. Ke kanu ke hana kuikawa hale e pono ai no nā'ōlelo. Ka muli o kekahi hui ma lalo o ke kino kuleana, ua hiki i ka maternal meaola.

syngenesis

Loa ola mau mea paʻi iā lākou iho meaola e hoʻohuiʻia i ka aaiaoe mea a mau kanaka. No keia hopena, na gametes mau kaula hō'ā, a me ka hopena o ka diploid zygote. Ma ka hooulu ana o kona hou piha kino huli. Ano o ka moe nā'ōlelo o ka meaola wehewehe aku ma kekahi flowering mea kanu, loa holoholona, a, o ka papa, ke kanaka.

Gametes mea a mau ano - he kane a me ka wahine. Inā ka palapala o ka dioecious, kela mea keia mea o ka halepaahaoʻAno ua loaʻa niioaaonoaaiii kane a me ka wahine kanaka. e hiki i ka paka nāʻano o nā gametes kū kaʻawale kekahi meaola. Ma keia hihia ka mea, i kapaʻia hermaphrodites.

Ua mea no hoi e hiki moe nā'ōlelo ma i gametes i ole komo. Keia? Ueo e like me conjugation, gametangiogamiya, apogamy, gologamiya.

Ke kaʻina o nā'ōlelo

i haku a pau meaola o aeee. e hiki i ko lakou ulu ana, a ulu no i ka mea i ka mea, e mau paʻi. Ma ke ola o ka halepaahao makahiki, a make au. Ka mea, Ua UAIAaIN e 'ē aʻe e hele mai. Na wale ala e paka hou keena o ka mahele o ko lākou mau mua. Kēia mea he nui kaʻina hana no kekahi mea ola. No ka laʻana, ma ke kanaka kino o kela lua ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mau miliona o kēia mau huahelu.

Ua hoakakaia Biologists ekolu aoao o ke kelepona hele ka hoʻonuiʻana. Direct mahele i kapaia o amitosis,ʻauhau'ēʻaʻe - mitosis, ka ho'ēmiʻana - meiosis. Nānā 'ole o ka palapala o nā'ōlelo o ka meaola, kēlā meʻikepili kahe keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Amitosis a mitosis

Ka liʻiliʻi loa, he pono ole, a poorly? Anoee aeea mahele kaʻina o amitosis. Ma kēia kaʻina hana, o ka Kora naʻEsau ua puunaueia e ka constriction. I ka Ia manawa e hōʻoia 'ʻaʻahu puʻunaue o ka aaiaoe nā mea hiki ole. Ke aeea Ua puunaueia ma ka amitosis, ma ka hapanui hihia, hiki ole hoʻomau i komo i loko o ka papa kalapona o ka mitosis. No laila, ka mea, ua manaoia e e make ai i ka make.

Universal hana o ka'ōlelo i loko o eukaryotic aeee ka mitosis. Ma holoholona keena e ae, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO no ka hora. Mai underestimate i ka waiwai o liluwelo nā'ōlelo, no ka mea, o ke aloha ia ia, e hoomakaukau i ke ana a me ka ulu ana o nā mea a pau meaola.

mitosis

Ke kaʻina o nā mea a pau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hana ana i ke kahua o ka hou keena, kapa aeea kalapona. Ua ninoieo o ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis. Ka pōʻaiapuni manawa hilinaʻi nui ma na ano o ka keena, a mai mawaho aʻe. Loli ana ma ka wela, nutrient loaʻa nui, ka oxygen. No ka laʻana, ma ka intestinal epithelium o ke kahua o ka hou aeee ia lŘlŘ kela 8-10 minuke ma koʻohune - na 20 minuke.

Kaʻina hoʻomaka me interphase. I keia manawa, ma laila nō keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka ulu mālama nui. Paka waiwai e kōkua e hoonui halepaahao a me ka hoʻokōʻia o nā mea a pau i ka ia i hana '. Ma interphase ka DNA replication.

'Ana i mitosis pae ia lŘlŘ nukelea fission. Chromatids i ke kaʻina hana i kaawale mai kekahi i kekahi, a hana redistributed ma waena o ke kaikamahine keena like chromosome.

Kaʻina, oiai i ka mahae ma waena o hou me ka ho okumu ana o ka cytoplasm, kapa cytokinesis.

Ma mitosis, e hana i ke keena, ma a ka aaiaoe ike mea pono'ālike i ka makua meaola. I loko o kēia kaʻina hana no a pāpālua hoʻi i ka helu ana o chromosomes.

meiosis

Ma keia hana, ua halved aeea mahele chromosome helu. Kēia e hōʻoiaʻiʻo holoholona a me ka moe nā'ōlelo sporogenesis i ka mea kanu. Ma meiosis loaʻa nō nā ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi mahele, a ma mua o ia hoʻokahi hope o ka DNA.

All na mea no kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana i stocking mai i ka ka mua ke kahua - interphase. Kēlā kahua o ka mahele ua maheleia i eha manawa: prophase, metaphase, anaphase a me ka telophase. Ka ia pae, a eia i loko o mitosis, akā, kēlā me kēia kaʻina hana i kona mau ano.

Me Kinohi meiosis - he mahele o ke keena ma i ua hoemiia ka helu ana o chromosomes ma 2 manawa. mau haploid hou mai kekahi diploid hoʻonaʻauao. I kēia manawa,ʻo keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ke hoomau aku DNA helix i hana mahele kālī. Eia kekahi, o ka conjugation ua lawe mai i loko o ka prophase o homologous chromosomes. Ke kūpono ohu kuahene bivalent. Ma kekahi mau wahi ia chromatids kela kapa. Ua kapaʻia kēia kaʻina e holo no.

Ka hope ke kahua o ka ai-kapaia lua meiosis. Kēia mahele, ma i aeee i hanaʻia me ka haploid kau o chromosomes, oia no kekahi chromatid. E like me ka hopena o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoakakaia kahua o ka diploid (a oogonia spermatogonia) lau 4 keena.

Liluwelo manaʻo nui o ke kahua o ka meiotic aeee e i? Aneii holoholona a moe spore ho okumu i loko o na holoholona kiekie ae. 'O kēia ke ala, e kumu hoʻomalu i ka malama o aaiaoe nā'ōlelo permanence o? Ueo.

No moe a me ka asexual nā'ōlelo o ka meaola

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ano ma i keena mahele i ka paka keiki kakou nana e hoʻokuʻu akula nāʻano o kēia kaʻina. Kaawale, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ke ola o na mea he nui meaola i loko o ka hoʻololi kumu, kena ae la ia e ka nui loa, e hoike aku i ka mea, hiki ke hui pu iho kekahi mau ano o ka pilikia ka pua.

O ka holo ana, moe a me ka asexual nā'ōlelo o ko lākou mauʻano iho o ka meaola i kekahi nunui. Table? Aneii? Ueo, e kōkua i ka ke kahua okoa e maopopo.

Ua Ua maopopo i ka 'īnea i ano o nā'ōlelo o ka meaola i oi Uluwehi O. Akā, asexually e hōʻoiaʻiʻo hookeai hōʻike hou ana o ka helu nui o nā pua. I ka moe nā'ōlelo o ka meaola helu o nāʻaha hui iho ua ulu ai hikiwawe loa.