Soviet kukui pahu T-26. T-26: ano, mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na, 'ole

Soviet malamalama hakakā kaa, hoʻohana 'ia i loko o na mea he nui o ka pāonioni paʻa o nā 1930s, a me ka Apana World War, ua ka T-26. keia pahu i hua mai i ka nui mea (oi ma mua o 11 000 huahelu), ma mua o kekahi 'ē aʻe no ka wā. I ka 1930, ka Soviet Union 53 T-26 Lolina i ua ulu, a me ka flamethrower pahu, hakakā lunaʻenehana kaa, he loihi-kekahi lāʻau 'poʻina nalu, pakiko-propelled kī, mea kaua kaʻa kauō a me ka mea lawe i nā limahana lawe. He iwakalua-ekolu o ia i nā pāʻoihana loaʻa, a me ka poe i koe - i ka mana Ke Ana Hoʻohālike.

Pelekāne mua

T-26 i ka prototype - Pelekāne pahu'āina-E, i? Ac? Ia e ka poʻe "Vickers-Armstrong" i loko o 1928-1929. Simple a me ka oluolu, e malama, ka mea i manao no ka mea hoʻolilo i ka emi technologically ulu'āina: ka USSR, Poland, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, Thailand, Kina a me na mea e ae. "Vickers" hoolaha i kona pahu i loko o koa paʻi puke, a me ka Soviet Union hōʻike hoihoi i loko o kēia ulu ana. Ma lalo o ka aelike i kakauinoaia May 28, 1930, i ka poʻe hāʻawi i ka USSR o 15 mau-hale kiai machines (Type A, mākaukau a me nā mīkini pū, "Vickers" caliber 7.71 mm o, ka wai-ho'ēmi) me ka piha oaoieei-palapala kuhikuhi no lākou nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ke alo aku o nā hale kiaʻi e hiki e ke ka ao kū kaʻawale ae e pana i ka hema a me ka pono i ka mea ia manawa, i ia manawa, noonoo iho la maikaʻi lanakila no na Hopu o ke kahua pakaua. Kekahi mau Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana komo i loko o kaʻaha kanaka o ka poʻina nalu ma luna o ka "Vickers" hola i ka 1930. A hiki i ka pau ana o keia makahiki i loko o ka USSR i loaa mai i ka mua eha'āina-E type A.

Ka hoʻomaka 'o ka moʻo? Iecaianoaaiiuo

Ma ka USSR, laila, pono au hana kūikawā Komisina, kona hana i ke koho ana o na pahu poʻina nalu no replication. English pahu'āina-E i loaa i ka palapala kuhikuhi no ka mea? Aiaiiuie inoa B-26. I ka hooilo 1930-1931 makahiki ma ka paena kokoke Poklonnaya Gora ikea ai o ka elua o kēia mau machines i ua mālama 'ia, ka mea, ua ana hala. E like me ka hopena, ma February, ka mea i hoʻoholo, e hoʻomaka lākou? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ka USSR ma lalo o ka T-26.

Ka pahu o ka mua mana'ōhui, turrets i hoʻolako pono me Soviet-i, ua, ua hoao no e kū'ē'ē mai ke rifle a me ka mīkini-pū ke ahi i loko o ka hopena o ke kauwela o 1931,ʻo ia i kī mai pūlaipela a me ka mīkini pū "Maxim" me kaʻike mau a me ka kaua-hou puni mai ka mamao o 50 mau mika. Ua Ua ua loaʻa i ka pahu malama aku ke ahi me ka palena haʻahaʻa poino (wale rivets kekahi, ua hanaʻino). Nine Ka Ikepili hōʻike i i i na papa o ka mua kapa kila o kuhiliʻole kapa kila, oiai o ka hale, a me ka lalo una hale kiaʻi i ua i ka maʻamau kila. Oiai kapa kila? Iecaianoaaiiie Izhora mea kanu, hoʻohana 'ia no ka mea mua kükohu T-26, emi iki mahope o ka mea e like ai i ka' ōlelo Pelekānia ma muli o ka nele o kēia metallurgical lako a pan i loko o ka USSR.

? Ac? O ka hoʻololi 'mua i ka 1931

Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana ka mea,ʻaʻole wale hai 6-tona "Vickers". He aha hou mau mea ka mea, i loko o ka T-26? Pahu i loko o 1931, e like me kona Pelekāne prototype, i he mau-hale kiaʻi hoʻonohonohoʻia a me nā mīkini pū, hoʻokahi no kēlā me kēia hale kiaʻi. Ka papa likeʻole ma waena o lakou, ua i ka ka mea, uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe me ke kilo 'oä ma luna o ka T-26 Tora. Soviet halekiai i hoʻopoepoe i recess no Degtyareva pahu pu, e like me ka mau huinahń loa hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka palapala? Ieoaeunoai ia Beritania pū "Vickers". Ka mua loa o ke kino i kekahi apana uuku na hoʻololi.

Hihia T-26 i ka a me nā hale kiaʻi i ohi ka hoʻohana kapa kila papa 13-15 mm o riveted i ka haka ai o ka metala wahi. Mea ua lawa i ka pale aku i mīkini-ka pū ke ahi. Light poʻina nalu o ka USSR, i ma ka pau 'ana o 1932-1933, i nā riveted a welded kino. Oe hiki ole ke olelo e pili ana i ka mea hou huahana. Soviet pahu T-26 kūpono 'ana i ka 1931, he mau paukūʻolokaʻa hale kiaʻi, kaa ma poepoe nā mea pilihao; kēlā me kēia kū kaʻawale o nā hale kiaʻi ke ka ao ka 240 °. Ua ka hale kiai hiki i ke kui o ka mea mua a me ka hope o ia kī arcs (100 ° kēlā me kēia). He aha ka i ka papa kuhikuhiE drawback ua he T-26? Two-hale kiaiʻano he nui huikau 'ole, hoemi kona pono. A, i ka firepower a pau o ka pahu hiki ole ke hoʻohana 'ia ma kekahiʻaoʻao. No laila, i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 30-ies a puni ka honua haalele i ka hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka hakakā kaa.

A Mono-hale kiai kukui pahu T-26

Kona ano i me ka nui loa hou like me ka mau-halekiai hoʻonohonohoʻia. Hua mai ka makahiki 1933, oia ua initially he paukūʻolokaʻa hale kiaʻi me ka pu 20K ÷, caliber 45 mm o a me kekahi mīkini pū Degtyarev 7,62 mm o. Kēia pu ua he hoonui ae i kope o ka Anati-pu 19K ÷ (1932), o kekahi o ka loa mana no kona manawa. Loa mau nā'āina poʻina nalu i like hana, ina kekahi o lakou. He aha nā mea kaua ua hiki ke lawe i ka hou T-26? Pahu 1933 hiki i i ka ekolu hou 7.62-mm o mīkini pū. Kēia mahuahua ma ka firepower i manao e kokua i ka moku i loko o ke pio ana o ka kūikawā Anati-pūʻulu, no ka mea, o ka palapala mīkini-pū armament i kuhi lawa. Ka Hawaii photo ma lalo hōʻike kekahi o nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka T-26, a i ka pahu e neeaaia ma Kubinka, o ka nui loa ohi ana i koa kaa i loko o ke ao nei.

Next, e ka kamailio e pili ana i ka oaoieei-ano.

He aha engine i T-26

Hiʻona, Eia naʻe hoʻoholo ma ka nui o ka engine i 20s o ka 20th kenekulia. Ka pahu Ua lako pono me ka 4-paukūʻolokaʻa kakolina engine nona iho o ka 90 nā lika. i kekahi. (67 kW) me ka lewa ka huʻihuʻiʻana, a ua piha kope engine "Armstrong Sidley" hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka 6-tona "Vickers". Ua Ua aia ma ka hope o ka pahu. I kakahiaka nui Soviet-i pahu kiko'ī he o ka hune quality, akā, ka mea, ua hou mai makahiki 1934. i ole i Pake pahu T-26 i ka mämä holo limiter, pinepine kūpono ma ka overheating a me ka poho i kona kiwikā, o ka oi aku i loko o ke kauwela. Wahie pahu 182 nā lika, a me ka aila pahu 27 nā lika i kau ma ka engine. He hoʻohana He kiʻekiʻe-octane, no laila,-kapaia Grozny kakolina; hoopiha mai ana i ka lua o kahi momona a wahie hiki i poino i ka nohona kiwikā no o kona detonation. A laila, ka mea i hoʻolauna oi capacious wahie pahu (290 nā lika kahi o ka 182 L). Pake anuanu maila 'pńkaukau Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ia i loko o kekahi hihia.

Aoaao T-26 oia o ka hookahi-iwi kuamoʻo maloo lālau i ka papa kuhikuhiE lālau, ka pahu a me elima kona kapa ma ke alo o ka pahu, kōmike hoʻokele hooponopono clutches, transmissions a me ka hope pae ana o nā paleki. EYI i pili i ka engine ma ka holo kumu holo ana o ka pahu. Une lōhai e hoʻololi i kona kapa, i kaa 'ana ma luna o ka pahu.

Modernization o ka 1938-1939

Kēia makahiki, i ka Soviet pahu T-26 loaa i ka hou conical halekiai me ka ia'ku maikaʻi e ku e ia pōkā, akā, ua nohoʻo ia welded kino, i o ke kumu hoʻohālike i ka makahiki 1933 i ua ole lawa, e hōʻike i ke kue i ke Kepani militarists i ka 1938, no laila, ua o ka pahu i ua hōʻano hou hookahi hou i loko o Pepeluali 1939. Ano ka mea, ua loaa ma lalo o-Tora pahu me kaʻiʻini (23 °) 20 mm o-ʻaoʻao kapa kila papa. Ka pa mānoanoa o ka hale kiai mahuahua i 20 mm o ma ka inclination o ka 18 degere. Kēia pahu Ua koho ka T-26-1 (ike me ka T-26 ho 1939 ma ka Contemporary kumu). hoao mai ana mahope, e hooikaika i ka mua panel koe unrealized, e like me ka? iecaianoaaiiie o T-26 i koke i papani ai hoi i ke aloha o nā hale, e like me T-34.

Incidentally, i ka hakakā ke kaumaha o ka T-26 i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1931 a hiki i 1939, a mahuahua nui mai ka 8 a hiki i 10,25 tona. Ka Hawaii photo lalo hōʻike i ka T-26 ÷ 1939 Ua mea, incidentally, no hoi, mai ke ohi, a i ka honua i ka nui loa pahu iau ma Kubinka.

E like me ka moʻolelo i hoomaka ai e kaua T-26

Light pahu T-26 no ka manawa mua i kuleana i loko o ke kaua iloko o ke kaua kūloko ma Sepania. A laila, i ka Soviet Union, e hoʻomaka ana i loko o October 1936, haawi aku la kona republican aupuni, he huina o 281 Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka poʻina nalu i ka makahiki 1933

Ke'ōhui mua o ka poʻina nalu ma Republican Spain i lawe October 13, 1936 ma ke awa kulanakauhale o Cartagena; kanalima-T-26 me ka hoʻokuʻu loa, nā, wahie, a ma kahi o 80 nāʻaʻa ma lalo o ke kauoha a alihi kaua 8th kaawale mechanized brigade Col. S. Krivosheina.

Ka mua Soviet mīkini, hoʻonoho ma Cartagena, i manao ia no ka makaukau o na pahu, akā, ke kahua a puni Madrid ua lilo lakou i poe luna ', no laila, i ka mua umikumamalima poʻina nalu i mālama i loko o ka pahu poe, a i kauoha Soviet luna Pol Arman (Lakawia kuauhau, akā, kupu ae la ma Farani) .

Armand Roth, hele akula i loko o hana October 29, 1936 30 ei hema-komohana o Madrid. Umikumamalua T-26 mua e 35 ei i ka umi-kaua, a kauoha ae nui ka pōʻino Frankists (i luku mai ai ma kahi o elua kauna, Moroccan lio a me nā infantry battalion; heʻumikumamālua 75-mm o ke kahua pū, eha auka CV-33, a me ka iwakalua i kanakolu ia i kona kalaka me koa waiwai i ua luku 'ole poino), i ke poho o ka ekolu T-26 kakolina ma hopeʻia a me nā mea kaua i ke ahi.

Ka mua ike hihia o ke kuʻi hipa kāne i loko o ka pahu kaua ana ma ka lā, i ka wa o ka pahu platoon luna koa Lutanela Semena Osadchego iʻalo i nā Italian tankettes CV-33, e kahe mai ana i kekahi o ia mau mea i loko o ka uuku kahawai. Members o nā wedgies luina i make ma ka mīkini-ka pū ke ahi.

Machine Captain Armand i ke ahi kakolina pōkā pahū, akā, me kaʻeha luna hoomauia e alakaʻi i ka poʻe. Kona pahu Ua luku kekahi a poino mau auka CV-33 pūkuniahi ke ahi. December 31, 1936 Kapena P. Arman loaa he Star o Hero o ka Soviet Union no ke kaua, a me kaʻeleu komo i loko o ka hoomalu ana o Madrid. November 17, 1936 ma ka poe o Armand i elima wale poʻina nalu i loko o ka hakakā makaukau.

T-26 ka i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o aneane pau koa ana o ke Kanawai Kaua, a i hōʻike ai i ka superiority o ka German Panzer Māhele a me Italian malamalama poʻina nalu tankettes CV-33, mākaukau wale me ka mīkini pū. Iloko o ke kaua o Guadalajara T-26 superiority ka mea, ua ai maopopo i ka Italia akamai i hooeueuia e kūkulu i kekahi like mua Ikalia meakino pahu "Fiat M13 / 40."

"... a ua lele aku la o samurai ma lalo o ka manaʻo koikoi o ke kila a me ke ahi"

Kēia mau hua'ōlelo i kaulana i loko o ka muliwai, o ka hope ke kenekulia, na mele noonoo i kekahi hapa o ka malamalama poʻina nalu T-26 Soviet-Japanese oukou paio ana, a wahi a ka hakakā mōʻaukala o ka poʻina nalu. Ka mua o kēia mau i ka clash ma July 1938 kokoke Lake Hassan. Komo i loko o ka mea 2nd mechanized brigade a me nā hookaawale pahu battalions i wale 257 poʻina nalu T-26.

2nd mechanized brigade i kekahi nei kohoia he hou kauoha koʻokoʻo, 99% o kona mua kauoha 'ole (me ka brigade luna koa P. Panfilov) i hopu i nā lāʻekolu, e like me ka enemi o na kanaka, e koho i ka kaua kulana. Kēia i loaʻa iā ia ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka hana o ka brigade iloko o ke kaua (no ka laʻana, kona poʻina nalu paʻa 11 hora, e kiʻi ma ka 45-ei hele ana ma muli o ka naaupo o ke ala). Iloko o ka lele aku la i halawai ka Japanese-paa inoa, a Zaozernaya puʻu Soviet poʻina nalu me ka luawai-i hoʻonohonoho 'Anati-pahu pale. E like me ka hopena, ka poʻina nalu 76 a me 9 i ino puhiia. Ma hope iho o ke kaua i pau ai, 39 o kēia mau pahu poʻina nalu i ua loaa i loko o ka pahu 'iniha, kapuaʻi, a me kekahi poe e ae - ho'āla hou aʻela ma luna o ka Shop papahele.

A uuku helu o T-26 poʻina nalu a me flamethrower ma muli o ia i wahi i loko o kaua e ku e ia Kepani koa ma Khalkhin pahu hopu i ka 1939. Mākou machines kaua, he kūlana i ka pahu luku Japanese eiiaiaeu, mākaukau me Molotov cocktails. I ka haahaa e like ai welds koe wahi i wāhiʻia ma kapa kila mau papa, a me ka ahi wela kola maʻalahiʻona nō i loko o ka moku pahu, a me ka engine pahu. 37mm pūʻano 95 i loko o Japanese akemāmā pahu, mamua o kona mediocre kōmi i kekahi mana i ka T-26.

Ma ka Ewa o ka Apana World War

Ma ka Ewa o ka 2nd World War, ke Army Red i kahi o 8500 T-26 o nā mea a pau ka hoʻololi 'ana. I loko o kēia wā, T-26-e i kuhikuhi i kaawale hui ho'ā poʻina nalu (kēlā kime 256-267 T-26), a kaawale pahu battalion o rifle māhele (10-15 poʻina nalu). Ka mea, ua i ke 'ano o ka pahu huahelu i komo i loko o ke kai eʻe ma ke komohana wahi o Ukraine, a Belarus ma September 1939. Hakakā poho ma Poland he wale umikumamalima T-26 o ka. Aka hoi, 302 pahu poʻina nalu i ae oaoieei-hoʻolako 'ole' ana ma o ka hele ana.

Ka mea, komo i loko o ka Winter Kaua ma December 1939 - March 1940 me Finland. Light kapa kila brigades i hoʻolako pono me nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka poʻina nalu, me elua a me ka Mono-hale kiai hoʻonohonohoʻia, hua mai la mai ka 1931 a hiki i 1939. Kekahi battalions Ua lako pono me ka kahiko machinesʻano nui hana 1931-1936 GG. Akā, kekahi pahu huahelu i hoʻolako pono me ka hou kumu hoʻohālike o ka 1939. Ma ka huina, hapa o Lenvoenokruga helu i ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua 848 huahelu o T-26. Together me BT a me T-28, he hapa o ka iniiaiie hopena max ma kaʻoluʻolu o ka laina Mannerheim.

Kēia kaua i hōʻike i T-26 He OOAOAaXUEIE a me kona mea i manao ai me ke koe ana. Pinilana antitank pū caliber 37 mm o, a hiki 20-mm o antitank pūlaipela hoopuni komo iloko o ka lahilahi antipulevuyu kapa kila T-26, a me na aina i lako pono me ia, ua ae aku nui ka pōʻino i ka Hopu o ke Mannerheim Line, ma a ka lapalapa ahi-hoolei mīkini ma ke kumu o ka T-26 kaʻa hoʻokani he nui a Mānoa.

World War II - i ke kaua hope o ka T-26 o ka

T-26-E ke kumu kapa kila koa o ka Red Army i loko o ka mahina kakahiaka o ka German kaua o ka Soviet Union i ka 1941. Ma June 1, ka spacecraft ua 10.268 malamalama poʻina nalu T-26 a pau ana hoʻohālike, a me ka mea nāna kaa ma luna o lākou kaʻa. Ka hapa nui o ia oia o ka hakakā kaa ma Soviet mechanized mau pūʻali i loko o ka apana palena koa. No ka laʻana, ka mea Western Special Koa District, he 1136 na machines ma 22 June 1941 (52% o nā poʻina nalu i loko o ka moku). Nohona ma, ka mea, ua 4875 na pahu poʻina nalu i loko o ke komohana koa apana ma June 1, 1941. Aka hoi, ua i kekahi o ia hoomakaukau no ka hakakā ma muli o ka nele o nā māhele, e like me iuo aaoa?, Enuhe a me he enuhe huila. Oia drawbacks i alakai aku ai i ka abandonment o ma kahi o 30% o ka loaʻa T-26 ka inaction. Eia hou, i ua hanaʻia ma kahi o 30% o ka loaʻa poʻina nalu i loko o 1931-1934, a ua paupauaho kā lākou hana ke ola. Pela, i elima Soviet komohana koa apana ua puni 3100-3200 T-26 a pau ana hoʻohālike i ka maikai ana (ma kahi o 40% o ka ipu), a ua wale iki emi ma mua o ka helu ana o Kelemānia poʻina nalu manao no ke kaua o ka Soviet Union.

T-26 (Model 1938/1939 o ka. No) hiki ke ku imua o loa Kelemānia poʻina nalu i ka 1941, akā, ua emi iki mahope o kükohu Panzer III a me Panzer IV, komo i loko o "hana Barbarossa" i loko o June 1941. A pau i ka pahu huahelu o ka Red Army i ae kaumaha pōʻino aie a hiki i ka piha ea superiority o ka Kelemānia "Luftwaffe". Ka hapa nui o ka T-26 ka i nalowale i loko o ka mahina mua o ke kaua,ʻano nui i loko o ka shelling o kaʻenemi, a me ka mea kaua ea e pepehi iho at. He nui wawahi ae la i ka oaoieei-kumu, a no ka mea, o ka nele o iāʻoe wahi.

Naʻe, i loko o nā mahina mua o ke kaua, a ua ike i ka hailona o Episode'ōlohe wiwo ia'ku o ka Soviet pahu T-26 ka fascist komohewa. No ka laʻana, ua ahakanaka la 55 battalion Panzer oia hoi o ka umikumamawalu Mono-hale kiai T-26 a me ka umikumamawalu mau-hale kiai, oiai e uhi ana i ka lakou hee hope ana 117th rifle mahele ma Zhlobin wahi luku, he umikumamahiku Kelemānia machines.

I loko nō o ka lilo, o ka T-26 nō manaʻo no ka nui loa o na mea e kahiko koa o ka Red Army i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1941 (he wahi lihi iki o ka 'enehana hele mai, mai na koa apana - Central Asia, ka Urals, Siberia, a me kekahi hapa, mai ka Hōʻole akula East). Iloko o ke kaua, T-26 i auou caiaiai e ka vastly oi T34. Ka mea i komo i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia a me kā lākou mau allies i loko o ke kaua ma waena o kokoke Moscow i loko o 1941-1942., Ma ke kaua o Stalingrad a me ka kaua o ka Caucasus i loko o 1942-1943. Kekahi mau pahu huahelu o ka Leningrad Front hoʻohana lākou poʻina nalu T-26 a hiki i ka makahiki 1944.

I ka make ana o ka Japanese Kwantung Army ma Manchuria ma August 1945 ua ka hope koa ana i loko i ka mea i hoʻohana. Ma mau, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo, i ka mōʻaukala o ka poʻina nalu - he 'ike mea.