Bertolt Brecht: Kawaihae, ka mōʻaukala o ke ola,ʻike hoʻokumu a me ka mea maikaʻi loa buke

Bertolt Brecht (1898-1956 GG.) - kekahi o ka mea nui loa Kelemānia moʻolelo keaka wale na kii, loea playwrights o kona manawa, akā, i kona hula a me ka mea nō mahalo, a i waiho i loko o na hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o ko ke ao nei. Kēia Ana Aina, mea kākau a me ka haku mele, e like me ka mea nāna i hana o ka hale kiaka "Berliner Ensemble". Bertolda Brehtaʻike hoʻokumu alakai aku la ia ia, e hana i kekahi hou au o "kālai'āina hale kiaka." He Ua hānauʻia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia o Augsburg. , Mai kona wā'ōpiopio ka mea, ua hoihoi i loko o ka hale kiaka, akā, Koi ikaika kona ohana i ka mea, ua he kauka, ma hope o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua komo University. Lyudviga Maksimiliana ma Munich.

Bertolt Brecht: Kawaihae a me na hana

Eia naʻe, nui loli i wahi ma hope o ka halawai ana me ke kaulana German kākau moʻolelo Leon Fayhvangerom. He koke i kekahi i kekahi keiki kupaianaha tālena, a waiho aku la ia ia i ka hana pili moʻokalaleo. Ma keia manawa Brecht pau i kona hula "Nohona Pili Kai o ka po", a i kekahi o Munich ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

I ka makahiki 1924, ma hope o ua noho mai kulanui, e lanakila aku maluna iho Pelelina ui Bertolt Brecht. Kona Kawaihae Hōʻike i ka mea, ua kali no kekahi mea kupaianaha halawai me ka mea kuhikuhi kaulana Erwin Piscator. A makahiki ma hope, ua tandem hana he "proletarian hale kiaka".

Pōkole Kawaihae o Bertolda Brehta Hōʻike i ka playwright iho ua ole waiwai, a me kona mau dala makemake ole e lawa no oe i ka puke, a kuai i na apana, mai kaulana playwrights. I mea no ke aha Brecht hoʻoholo i kākau lākou iho.

Akā, hoomaka ae la oia tinkering me kaulana ka hana keaka, a laila, hele aku la staging mahaloia ka palapala, ai hana no ka mea ole-oihana nā mea hana keaka.

moʻolelo keaka wale hana

Makakūʻaoʻao o Bertolda Brehta hoʻomaka 'ia me ka hula "Ka Threepenny Opera" e John Māhū, i loko o kona puke "la ia kanaka ilihune ka Opera," a lilo kekahi o ka mua ia ho okolohua Debut, hoonoho iho la i ka 1928.

Ke kuka e haʻi i ka moʻolelo o na ola o kekahi mau ilihune haukae, ka poe ana i mea ole, a ma nā mea imi i ka hale. Auana kokoke koke lilo mahalo me nou, haukae ana ma mua, ua i na protagonists ma ke kahua.

A laila, Brecht, pu me kona mau hoapili ia Piscator ia i waiho mai ai iloko o ka hale kiaka "Volksbühne" ka lua o ka puke ma ka olelo hula Gorky "Mother".

kipi uhane

Ma Germany, oiai na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i huli no ka aoao hou o? Acaeoey, a kūkulu o ka moku'āina, a no laila, he mea i kekahi distemper. A me keia hoʻokahuli aupuni uhane o Bertolt malama loa nui a me ka uhane o ka lehulehu e hoʻolaha.

Kēia i ukali ia e ka hou hula ma ka Brecht ka ke kahua ka hoʻololiʻana o ka puke e J. Hasek moʻolelo e pili ana i na Hawaii o ka maikai koa Schweik. Ua o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka lohe ana i i literally crammed me Humorous maʻamau wahi, i hiki, a me ka hapanui importantly - lei Anati-kaua theme like.

Akā, 'aneʻi ma luna o ka mea kākau o ka manaʻo kūhalahala hina Nazis, ka mea i hele mai i ka mana i keia manawa. No laila, ma ka makahiki 1933, i ka Kelemānia poe hana hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni i banned. Koke ae la oia i haʻakoi, e haʻalele i ke aupuni a me Bertolt Brecht.

Kawaihae i ka 'ia i ka manawa ia i mare ai i ka mea hana keaka kaulana Elene Vaygel, a me ia ka me ia, ua neʻe akula ia Finland.

Jobs ma Finland

Aiaʻo ia i hoʻomaka e hana ma o ka hula "Mother hooikaika iho a me Her Children." I ka'āina lā,ʻo ia kiei i loko o Kelemānia hoolaʻi buke, a wehewehe i ka Hawaii o ka torgashki i ka makahiki he kanakolu 'War.

State o Nazi Kelemānia, ia i hiki ole ke koe wale, no laila au i haawi aku ia i ka pili aupuni ano i loko o ka hula "makau a me ka poino o ka Apana Reich" a hoike mai i loko o kona kumu oiaio no ka hele ana i ka Nazi Party o Hitler.

kaua

Iloko o ka Apana World Finland i ka Ally o Hawaii, Brecht, a nolaila, ua loaa i ka emigrate hou, akā, i kēia manawa ma Amerika. He ukuhi i loaʻa i kona hou hula "Life o Galileo" (1941), "Ka Good Person o Szechwan", "Mr. Puntilla a me kana Matti kauwa."

E like me ke kumu i lawe i ke kaulana poʻe moʻolelo a me ka satire. Ua manao ia e na mea a moakaka ia mau mea, akā, Brecht, ana ia lakou me ka philosophical generalizations, huli ae la lakou ma na olelonane. No laila, i ka playwrightʻimi hou 'ano o ka olelo o ko lākou mau manaʻo, manaʻo a me ka hilinaʻi.

Taganka Kino

Kona moʻolelo keaka wale nā hōʻike, e noho ana i loko o ke kaua'ō'ō ihe me ka hoolohe. Oli i ka mele, i kekahi manawa, i kono ai i ke kahua o ka hoolohe ana, a i ia pili 'ole i loko o ka hula. Mau mea hana ma luna o kanaka luku kela ano keia ano. A ka mea, ua nui pono ike me Bertolt Brecht. Kona Kawaihae kekahi i kekahi mea hoihoi 'mea: e huli mai, hoomaka no hoi ka Moscow Taganka Kino e pāʻani Brecht. Hoʻokele Lyubimov i ka hula "The Good Person o Szechwan" nā kūlana o ka hana keaka, nae, e like me kekahi mau 'ē hana ana.

A pau ke kaua i pau ai, oia hoi koke i Europa, a Bertolt Brecht. Kawaihae i 'ike i ka mea, i noho ai i loko o Austria. Pōmaikaʻi ai hana ana a me ku ovations a pau i loko o nā mea a pau i kana hana keaka, ana i palapala hoʻi ma Amerika, "The Haole Chalk Circle", "Rise o Arturo Ui". Ka mua hula i hoike mai i kona e pili ana i ka manaʻoe kūkulu he Charles Chaplin ka "The Great Dictator" a ho'āʻo e hoʻopau i ka'īʻana, ka mea i ole ia ke hoopaa Chaplin.

Kino "Berliner Ensemble"

I ka 1949, o Berthold kono e hana i loko o ka GDR keaka "Berliner Ensemble", i kona wahi i lilo i ka noʻeau kau wela a me ka mea kuhikuhi. kakau iho la oia i ke kahua adaptations o na hana nui loa o ka honua moʻokalaleo: "Vassa Zheleznov" a me ka "Mother"ʻawaʻawa, "Beaver für kapa" a me "ka Red moa" G. Hauptmann.

Me kana mau hana la e hele ana kahi hapa o ka honua, a, o ka papa, kipa i ka USSR, kahi i ka makahiki 1954 i hookoiaʻo ia i ka Lenin maluhia uku.

Bertolt Brecht: Kawaihae, papa inoa o nā puke

Ma ka hapalua like-1955 Brecht, i ka makahiki o ka 57 makahiki, hoomaka ae la e haha loa mai, ua elemakule, hele, hilinai ana ma luna o ke kō. He i ka makemake i loko o ka mea ana i kuhikuhi ai i ka pahu a me kona mau kino i ole hookomo ma lehulehu make, a i ole olelo aloha ka olelo hoomaikai.

Penei nō hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o ka makahiki hou, e hana ana i loko o ka hale kiaka ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o "Life Gadileya" Brekhov ma nā wāwae poino He nīnūnē naau kaua, hahai aku la, ma ka hopena o ke kau, i kona ola kino deteriorated, a make iho la ia o ka papakaukau naau kaua August 10, 1956.

Eia ma keia a me ia mea hiki ke hoʻopau i ka theme like o "Breht Bertold:. Kawaihae ola moʻolelo" It wale koe, e hoʻouka hou aku au i loko o koʻu ola holoʻokoʻa, i kākau i kēia kanaka mea kupaianaha he nui ka palapala, ai na hana. Bestʻikeʻia no kāna mau hana keaka, ma ka hou ana i ka luna, ka mea, o "Baʻala" (1918), "A ke kanaka o ke kanaka" (1920), "Ke Life o Galileo" (1939), "The Haole Chalk" a me ka nui, he nui na mea e ae.