Butyl waiʻona

Butanol - o ka inoa kuʻuna o kekahi o ka monovalent waiʻona mai ke kino. No ka mea, pili kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana inoa - 1-butanol, e like me na mea e ae - N-butanol (maʻamau butanol) a butyl ka waiʻona. Ma keia, iniiaiie ka waiʻona lātoma i eha kalapona nā'ātoma, pili i kekahi i kekahi, a me ka hydroxyl pūʻulu replaces kekahi hydrogen'Ātoma o ka mua Nine Inch haʻilula C. - C4H9OH, ka naauao - CH3 (CH2) 3OH, empirical - C4H10O.

Molar nuipa o ka n-butanol like i 74,1 g. / Kameleona. Ma ka maʻamau moku'āina, ia mea he wai me ka pa apŘ o 0,81 g. / Cm³. Ke Kēhaupaʻa wahi C4H9OH - hua 90,2 ° C, nā kapuahi e wela - eia kekahi 117,4 ° C. Ke refractive Papa kuhikuhi o ka waiwai maemae hoʻopili like me 1.399. Autoignites 1-butanol i ka wela o ka 345 ° C ke uhai aku i ka wela o ka 34 ° C.

Butyl waiʻona mea he laina hydrocarbon 'ole i loko o i kekahi hydrogen'Ātoma ma ka loa C nā'ātoma hookomoia ma ka hydroxyl pae. Ua he ekolu isomers ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana inoa me:

• 2-meto-1-propanol - ai manamana kaula hydrocarbon me ka meto pūʻulu ma ka lua, a me ka hydroxyl pae ma ka mua o carbon'Ātoma;
• 2-butanol - laina hydrocarbon 'ole me ka hydroxyl pūʻulu ma ka lua o carbon'Ātoma;
• 2-meto-2-propanol - hydrocarbon manamana ai 'ole me ka meto, a me ka hydroxyl pūʻulu ma ka lua o ka kalapona'Ātoma.

AICIeOEOI inoa no kēia mau ia 'ona i loko o ka hookahi kaʻina: pal-butanol (waiʻona isobutyl), kek-butanol a me ka tert-butanol.

Nā lātoma butanol isomers oko i 'ole, nae, a pau eha waiwai me ka mea mau haʻilula C4H9OH i okoa heheʻe kumu, nā kapuahi e wahi a me nā' ano. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka laʻana, butyl a me isobutyl oe i ka waiʻona i kaupalena 'solubility, akā, na nā isomers mau e loa miscible i ka wai. He mea no ka mea, i loko o ka 'ole o nā mea a pau a ka waiʻona i (CnH2n + 1OH) ka hydroxyl pūʻulu ua ka heluna o ka polarity, i ka poʻea pau e mahuahua ai ka wai solubility. I ka Ia manawa ka ulu ana o ke kalapona nā'ātoma i loko o ka lātoma complicates keia kaʻina. Inā iniiaiie waiʻona mai ke kino e like me metanola, ethanol a me ka propanol i loa miscible i ka wai, a laila, N-butanol - moderately.

Tert-butyl ka waiʻona (i ole ia 2-meto-2-propanol a tert-butanol) - o ka simplest tertiary ka waiʻona. He He maopopo kinowai (ole colorless paa). Kēia waiʻona He nui wailana i loko o ka wai, i hui me ka diethyl me Etera , a ethanol. He kū hoʻokahi i waena o nā isomers o butanol, no ka mea, hiki ke ola ma ka mehana a me ka heheʻe ma mahana iki ma luna 25 ° C. Tert-butanol mea he he hopena ia i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o isobutane me ka propylene'okesaside. A eia hoi, e hiki ke loaa ma ka catalytic hydration o isobutylene.

Like nui no hoi na waiʻona mai ke kino, butyl ka waiʻona i nā palapala waiwai. Naʻe, ka mea hōʻike i ka haahaa nui o kaʻawahia i keʻena hoʻokolohua holoholona, nolaila, pili i ka lawa ka palekana a me ka 'ona i hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻonani. Naʻe, noho ia ma ka ili, i loko o ke kanaka kino hiki i Central ko mākou hopohopo kahua kaumaha. waiʻona Hoʻokaʻaʻike me ka maka ke kumu kaumaha mea ukiuki loa ia lakou, noho ia ma luna o kaʻili - he lōpū. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, butanol ua hoʻomaka koke metabolized i ka o carbon dioxide. Ke iniiaiie weliweli ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o ka hooloihi ae i waiū i fumes. Loa kaʻapu kōheoheo i hoʻomōhala kaumaha o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, a hiki i ke ahiahi, make.

Kaʻia "oaoieei-ka waiʻona" pinepine pili i ka ethanol, akā, ka mea hiki ke wahi no hoi i kekahi poe uhane e. No ka laʻana, ka wā butanol ua noʻonoʻo like me ka ke keʻena o ka Hawaii wahie. Ua hana me ka ka hoʻokōʻana oi aku ma mua o ethanol, e like me ka ikaika i ua ua loaʻa ma'ā o ka hookahi dala o ka wahie ma C4H9OHʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o C2H5OH. Butanol hiki ke hoʻohana i ka mea hoʻonui i ka kakolina diesel wahie, hiki hoemi i ka pouli ka maʻiʻo ma ke kinoea a no ka maluhiluhi.

Butyl waiʻona uaʻano nui hoʻohana like me ka'ūheheʻe a kākoʻo huahana no Nine Inch hoʻololi kemikala, e like me wahie. E like me ka'ūheheʻe hoʻohana i loko o ka lole a me ka Nine Inch na hana. He mea no hoi i ke keʻena o ka neaa a me ka wawahi fluids, a mea, mamua o kona kanakaʻona mau aroma, i ke kumu no ka meaʻala.