Cerebral basal nucleus.

Ma lalo o ka wauke o ka lolo ke aupuni 'anatomically kaawale pae o ka hui kaulua hale - ka basal ganglia (ganglia). Together me nā nuclei meakino a me ka diencephalon ka mea, ho ololi i ka Hawaii ha awina, a i ka papa 'ē aʻe ma mua o ka cerebellum. Ke koena unuhi o ia ka basal nuclei o ka lolo hemispheres komo i pololei manaʻo kōkua mai i ka cerebral cortex. Ganglia pili i ka Hawaii cortex o ka lolo limahana ma cognitive a me ka mea naʻau hana.

Basal ganglia me ka nui loa pili i ka cerebral cortex. Lākou dysfunction hele aku ai i ka hoʻohuikau 'o ka neʻe' ana. ʻO kāna hana mea no a hiki i ka nui kūlana i loko o ke kīloi paʻewa'ōnaehana o Hawaii nā mea hiki. Inā ka basal ganglia o ka cerebral hemispheres i paku ole ia i ka maʻi, i ka symptoms o ke kēia: hihia hoʻi Muscle leo, a kulou. Basal nucleus hoopalupalu ana i hana i "olalo-mai" o ka cerebral cortex, a hoi inhibit hua'ōlelo i makemake neʻeʻana. Alakaʻi wānana i loaa i ia laua. E hoʻomaka ana mai o ka frontal mau mea, somatic sensory a me ka Hawaii mau mea, e like me ka pāpale aliʻi āpana, maha,'ā'ī.

Cerebral basal nucleus haku o ka striatum, a me ka amygdala, pa, lenticular a me ka caudate nucleus.

- Mindaleobraznoe kino o Nyos i loko o ka māhele 'āina kino. Ma keia ciia, ka pńpa ikiʻia naʻe;

- pa o waho, mai ka kāna mau 'ōlelo (maka aniani-hoʻokino). Ka mea, i ke ano o ka papa mānoanoa o nā millimeters. Ka mea mua loa uaʻia naʻe. Ma ke kīloi paʻewa kae o ke ano bulging o ke oho mea. Medial palena pa ala apuupuu;

- lenticular nucleus ua aia mawaho mai o ka caudate. Small he mau huhui o keʻokeʻo mea ua maheleia i ekolu kāna mau 'ōlelo wahi.

- ka caudate nucleus ua komo i loko o ke kahua o ke keena pepeiaohao o ke kīloi paʻewa ventricle pa.

Ke basal ganglia mai i ka pololei ala i ka spinal kaula. Mai ka striatum i ka substantia nigra māhele o ka hei a me ka medial lenalena poepoe hooponopono inhibitory (GABAergic) olona. Lākou ooieoeiiaeuiiai kohoʻia ma muli o ka mahuahua ole o ka excitation o thalamic nuclei i pauku o ka Hawaii cortex kuleana no ka mea e pono ai neʻeʻana.

O ka huiʻauhau'ēʻaʻe ala o he huikau. Ke kaʻina ninoieo i ka uhi o ka excitation o ka thalamus a hiki i ka Hawaii cortex'ē aʻe ciia. Ka māhele mua o ka Track wawahi maupaʻa GABAergic striatal wānana i ke kīloi paʻewa globus pallidus. Hope wawahi hoouna mai olona, a hiki i ka nucleus o ka thalamus. Nā mea hōʻike aku pīhoihoi kāna mau 'ōlelo piha olona. hoouna aku la kekahi o lakou i ka haikea kīloi paʻewa poepoe. Ka i koe, olona, ka neʻeʻana i ka reticular ciia o ka substantia nigra, a me ka medial lenalena poepoe. Mai keia ka mea, penei i ina o ka ho'ā 'ia kanawai o ka pololei ala o ka striatum maoli ka excitatory hana o ka Hawaii cortex, kaʻauhau'ēʻaʻe alahele ha awina hoʻonāwaliwali.

Dysfunction o subcortical nuclei hiki aku ai i ka kāna hana o ka Hawaii nā mea hiki. Ka mea, lilo kekahi excessive a me kahi e loa. Me lakou i mea hoike, e 'ai pono i loko o Parkinson ka maʻi. People poe i ua malalo i ka maʻi, kiʻi maka-ea paha. Hele ana ua hana i loko o ka poe liilii, a me ke kapuai. Man mea paakiki e hoʻomaka a me ka paʻa ka noi. Aia haʻalulu (tremor) lala, māhuahua Muscle leo. Aia o Parkinson ka maʻi no a hiki i ka conduction o nā aʻalolo impulses i kaʻaihue o ka waiwai striatum. I ka make ana o ka striatum hiki aku i ka hoʻokali kūpono 'hana: jerking i ka ai a me ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo, torso, i na mea kaua, mau wāwae. He hiki no hoi ia i kai a piʻi aʻela haʻawina i loko o ka palapala o ka aimless neʻeʻana mai o ke kino.

Ma ka hopena, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka pono pilina o ke kanaka ke ola-ka hiki ana o ka maʻamau functioning o ka lolo. Ke iki haiahū kūmau i loko o ka lolo hiki aku ai i ka maʻi likeʻole, kīnā, a me kekahi manawa, i ka huina lōlō. No laila, i ka poino e e käpae ', mai kiola aku oe ia oe iho i ka hoʻokali kūpono' he pilikia i kāna hana kamepiula.