Ivan Dmitriev, haku mele-fabulist a me ka statesman

Pehea ka nui o ka mai i keia la ke olelo aku nei au i Ivan Dmitriev? Ia manawa, i kekahi manawa, maopopo loa i kona wā ka inoa o ua kanaka la i ka, no ka mea, Ivan hoonani ia ia iho e like me ka palapala, ai ', a ma ka moku'āina kahua.

E noonoo i ka Kawaihae ana o ke kanaka i loko o nui au mamuli.

Makahiki o ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Wā e hiki mai Russian fabulist Ivan Dmitriev i hānau i loko o Kepakemapa 1760 i loko o ka waiwai o kona makua kāne, ua aia i loko o ka Kazan mokuna. Ke keiki no a hiki i ke aliʻi 'ohana Dmitriev, ka mea i iho mai, mai nā aliʻi o Smolensk.

Ivan loaa hoʻonaʻauao 'ana i ka maikai ma ka hale, a laila, hoʻomau i kona mau haʻawina ma ke kula a wahi uku ma Simbirsk.

I ka hopena o kona 'ohana i alakaʻi ai uprising alakaiia e Pugachev, a kena ae la na makua i ka neʻeʻana i ke poʻo. Young Ivan i kākau i loko o ka Semenov regiment, a me naʻe Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev ua loa i naʻau i loko no ka oihana koa hana, oia hoʻolohe i kona mau makua, a lilo i koa.

Kumu o ka wā e hiki mai kākau moʻolelo

Great keiki ma luna o ka ulu o ka uʻi kanaka ka kanaka, he mau Lūkini kākau moʻolelo nui - mau poʻokela ma Rotehama: NI Novikov a me N. M. Karamzin.

It Novikov lilo ka mua Verses o ka opiopio Dmitrieva e kakau i ko lakou Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke, unuhi ae la oia i kona satire, a ma hope ua ulu i loko o ka hoʻohihi maoli me ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao.

N. Karamzin, i he mamao pili Dmitriev, hoʻolauna i ke kanaka opiopio a me na hana o ka Western panina sentimentalism a kōkua loaʻa iā ia i kona wahi i loko o Lūkini moʻokalaleo o ka manawa. Ke Magazine, i ua paʻi Nikolai Mikhailovich, a me ka poem i pai ia Dmitrieva "moans manu nunu manu nunu la." Keia hana ua hoonani mai la ia i ka bipi keiki haku mele.

Ke kolu o ka nui kumu Dmitrieva i ke kaulana Lūkini haku mele Derzhavin, ka mea ma hope mau makamaka, a me na hana o Ivan Ivanovich ole haawi wale ia ia i ou wahi lihi iki o ka mea hiki'ōlelo aʻo, akā, no hoi no ka ike i ko lakou mau hoa moʻolelo.

Ka mua ka palapala, ai ka pomaikai

Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev paʻi i kona puke mua o poem i ka 1795. He kapa ia "A o koʻu trinkets." Oia ka hana inoa i pili i ka mōʻaukala o ka muli o keia ohi i ka malamalama.

Ka nui, e hoike ana i ka palapala Karamzin a me Dmitriev i hoʻoneʻe ai i ka hoolaha i kekahi ami ohi o poem, akā, me ka manao ua no kekahi kumu e maona. Karamzin mua makahiki 1795, a ua paʻi i ka ohi i kapa ia "kaʻu trifles", hope paʻi i ka puke ma ka Dmitriev, i Keia ka brainchild o N. M. Karamzina.

Ke peculiarity o kēia mau hoiliili ole i ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā hāʻina o nā haʻawina o ka palapala "aloha", i i hanau ma Karamzin ka hana.

aupuni i hoʻokumu '

Ivan Dmitriev mau, e malama aku i ka Fatherland i nā makahiki a pau o ka noho alii ana o Ana i ka Nui. ʻO i loko o ka palapala, ai hana Hobby i ia haʻalele. I ka 1796 ka mea hana i na la heʻawaʻawa loa kekahi hanana: ma luna o ka denunciation wahahee no kona hopu ia ana (na Aupuniʻana i ia Dmitriev i e hoʻohālua, e pepehi i ka hou Emperor Paul Petrovich). Eia naʻe, informer wahahee ua unmasked, a me ka Emperor Paulo Dmitriev e lū kona mau maluna.

Hoonohoia i kiʻekiʻe lehulehu oihana, Dmitriev maoli ana, e hookauwa mai no ka uku i ka nui, a me ka lunamanaʻo. Eia naʻe, ia mea,ʻaʻole e hiki, a ma ka 1799, ua haʻalele nō naʻe.

Ke hou Emperor Alexander Pavlovich ke kahea aku nei ua poʻeʻelemākule Dmitrieva hoʻi i ka hana. I ka mea ana i pane ai i kona 'ae' ana.

Ivan Dmitriev lilo i kenekoa, a laila, he lâlâ o ka State Aha. He lawelawe mau, ho'āʻo ana e hana i kou pono. Eia naʻe, hana malu a me machinations o ka poe enemi ke alahouana, Dmitrieva. Maluhiluhi o ia, Ivan haʻalele. Ke Emperor aku la a hui hou i ka haku mele i kona manaolana no kona hoi ana i ka lehulehu hana, akā, ka mea aole i hiki mai ai.

Ivan Dmitriev: ma na olelo lapuwale a me nā palapala

Ma ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini moʻokalaleo hele mai Ivan i loko like ÿauhau o Lūkini nā loina, unuhi a me ka mea kākau o ka ma na olelo lapuwale. Kaulana alakai aku la ia i ka poem me "Ermak", "No ka Volga", "'Āina'Ē ano" a me na mea e ae.

Ma kana mau hana, oia ua hiki i ka unuhi a me ka noho malie lyricism o poetry Karamzin, Derzhavin a me kaʻahaʻaina, a me ka satirical Novikov.

Ma waho aʻeo i kā lākou mau palapala, ai 'hana, Ivan komo i loko o ke ola o kona namesake - ka fabulist kaulana Krylov, kokua aku la ia ia e hookupaa i ka olelo lapuwale - o kona oihana oiaio, a ua kokua e kuhikuhi i loa opiopio A. S. Pushkina Lyceum ma Tsarskoye Selo, mea i kōkua ma na aoao ka hooulu ana o talena o ka nui Lūkini haku mele.

Ivan make ma luna o 77 makahiki o kona ola i loko o Moscow i loko o October 1837. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma ka Donskoy ilina. Kona lua kupapau ua hoolaia a hiki i keia la.

Kawaihae Ivana Dmitrieva - mea he laʻana o ke ola ana o ka Lūkini aliÿi a me ka mea kākau. An hoʻopono a me ka maikaʻi, ka mea i hiki ke hana i ka maikai palapala, ai 'hana, he haumana ia o ke kaulana Lūkini haku mele,ʻo ia ua hiki ke kōkua novice kākau moʻolelo komo i loko o ka honua a me ka waiwai nunui-faceted kapaia "Russian me Moʻolelo". Nolaila, ua loa instructive i kumu hoohalike o ke ola ana o keia kanaka.