Kawaihae a me kaʻike hoʻokumu Karamzina N. M. Karamzin List o na hana

Ninau i na olelo e like me kou aloha, hana hoihoi, aʻo ke aloha, ua pinepine i hoʻohana. Akā, i mau kanaka i ina ole no Nikolai Karamzin, laila paha ka mea, ina aole iʻikeʻia i loko o ka puke wehewehe'ōlelo o ka Lūkini kanaka. Karamzinʻike hoʻokumu hoʻohālike me na hana o ka poʻokela sentimentalist Sterne, a hiki i kākau ma kekahi kahua. Me ka hohonu mākau noʻonoʻoloi, oia ua hiki ke kākauʻana i ka mua puke "History o ka Lūkini moku'āina." Karamzin i hana ai me ka hōʻike no ke kaʻawale mōʻaukala ke kahua, he Contemporary o ka mea ana i ua, a me ka haawi ana i ka laulā kiʻi o ka moku'āina o mōʻaukala pena.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence N. Karamzin

Aina hanau, o ke ano akamai o December 12, 1766. He nui mai, a ua aoia o loko o ka hale o kona makua kāne Mikhail Zhukovsky, ka mea i ka hoi ana luna. Nikolai ka liu o kona makuwahine, pela no ka mea, ua maopopo hana ma o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o ka Pope.

I koʻu pukaʻana aʻu i aʻo i ka heluhelu, i ke keiki i ka buke mai o ka waihona o kona makuwahine, a mawaena o lakou Farani novels, hana no Emin, Rollin. Helu hoʻonaʻauao i loaa ma ka hale, Nikolai, a laila, aʻo i loko o Simbirsk hanohano kula, a laila, i ka 1778, i hoouna aku ai i ke kula Kumu ia ma Moscow.

E like me he keiki ia i lilo hoihoi i ka mōʻaukala. Ua hoʻokumu i ka puke ma ka mōʻaukala o Emin.

Inquisitive manao o Rotehama i i haawi ia, e noho no ka manawa lōʻihi ma luna o ka honua,ʻo ia i hoomaka ai e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka'ōlelo, hele aku la, e hoolohe ia i ka haʻi'ōlelo ma Moscow University.

koke 'oihana

Karamzinʻike hoʻokumu originates mai o ka manawa ia ia i malamaia ma ka Preobrazhensky kiai regiment Petersburg. I loko o kēia wā, Nikolai Mikhailovich hoʻomaka e ho'āʻo iho i loko o ke kūlana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo.

Ka pilina i ke kahua o Karamzin me ka artist, a me ka olelo aloha, i kona wahi iho la i loko o Moscow. Mawaena o kona mau hoa, he Novikov, A. Petrov, A. Kutuzov. I ka Ia manawa, ua hui i ka nohona hana - kōkua ma ka hoʻomākaukau a me ka hoopuka ana o ka Magazine na keiki "Children ka Reading no ka naau a me ka naau."

ʻAʻole wale ke au o ka hana i ka hoʻomaka o ka makakū laulima Nikolaya Karamzina, akā, i hana ia e like me he kanaka, i ka mea i hiki ke komo i ka hailona o ka hoalauna, he mau mea pono. make o kona makua kāne ma hope, ma Rotehama hoʻoholo ihola e pakele i ka hana, aole loa e hoʻi i ka mea. I ka malamalama i ka manawa ia i ike i ka aa a me ka hakaka i ke kaiāulu. Akā, ka mea i ike, ina oia i i pakele i ka hana, ka mea makemake e hiki ke hoolaha i kona mua unuhi, e like me palapala mele, a Hahai I ka puulena hoihoi i loko o mōʻaukala kumuhana?

Huakaʻi i Europa

Life a me kaʻike hoʻokumu Karamzin ho opa ao hoʻololi lākou a kohu pono ala, ka wā mai ka 1789 a hiki i 1790. la oia i ka holo i Europa. Iloko o ka huakaʻi, ka mea kākau moʻolelo mālama nei Imanuela Kant, i hoolilo ia ia i kupaianaha manaʻo. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, chronological papaʻaina ua hōʻano hou 'ia a me ke alo i loko o Farani i ka PalaniʻOiʻenehana, kakau iho la hope o kona "palapala o ka Lūkini hele". Ka mea, ua i kēia hana mea ia i kaulana.

Ua Ua manaoio aku i keia mea i ka puke wehe i ka hou makahiki o Lūkini moʻokalaleo. Ia mea,ʻaʻole me ka kumu, mai kēia mau ala memo ole wale i mea mahaloia imua o Europe, akā, i loaʻa lākou mau ukali ma Rusia. Iwaena o lakou, A. Griboyedov, F. Glinka, V. Izmailov, a he nui na mea e ae.

Nolaila i ka "ulu mau wāwae" a ma ka like ana me Karamzin Stern. "Sentimental Momi O" nei ma luna o ke kumuhana o ka huahana ke hoole i Karamzin.

Hiki ana ma Rusia

A hoʻi hou i kona'āina, Karamzin nō e noho i loko o Moscow, kahi āna i hoomau i kona palapala, ai '' oihana. Eia hou kekahi, lilo iho la oia i ka 'oihana a me ka mea kākau kanaka moʻolelo nūpepa. Akā, i ka apogee o kēia wā mea, o ka papa, i ka lehulehu ākea o "Moscow Pai" - o ka mua Lūkini palapala, ai 'Magazine, i paʻiʻia hana a me Karamzin.

Ma ia laua, oia ua hookuu ia compilations a me anthologies mea i hooikaika ia me he makua kāne sentimental o Lūkini moʻokalaleo. I waena o lākou, "Aglaia", "Pantheon o ka haole moʻokalaleo", "kaʻu trifles" a me na mea e ae.

A, o ka Emperor Alexander aʻu i hoʻokumu i ka inoa o ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo mea kākau moʻolelo no ka Karamzin. He noteworthy i hope ole kekahi i loaa ana o keia i ka inoa. Ua hooikaika ole wale i ke kālā kulana o Rotehama Mikhailovich, akā, i hooikaika kona kulana ma ke kaiāulu.

Karamzin like me ka mea kākau moʻolelo

I ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka waiwai Karamzin hui ia ia i loko o ka hana, e like me ka ho'āʻoʻana i ka ho'āʻo iaʻu iho ma keia kahua i ole i loa holomua ma ke kulanui.

ʻike hoʻokumu Karamzin hiki ke maheleia i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE laina ekolu:

• fiction, a mea he nui loa o ka hooilina (i loko o ka papa inoa: moʻolelo, novels);
• poetry - ia mea nui uuku;
• fiction, mōʻaukala hana.

I mau, me ka ole o kana mau hana ma luna o Lūkini moʻokalaleo hiki ke hoohalikeia me ka aoao o ko Ana ka ke kaiāulu kanaka, - A ua noho loli i ua i ka hana humane.

Karamzin - he mea kākau, lilo iho la ia i ka hoʻomaka wahi o ka hou Lūkini moʻokalaleo, i ke au i mau a hiki i kēia lā.

Sentimentalism i loko o nā hana o Karamzin

Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich huli i ka noonoo ana o ka mea kākau, a, me ka hopena, a me kā lākou poʻe heluhelu i ka makaukau, e like me ka mea Hoʻohaku kanaka maoli. He kēia hiʻona, a me ka mea pono kīvila kanaka i ka sentimentalism, a hoʻokaʻawale ia mai ka classicism.

Ma ka naau o ka maʻamau, ma kona ano maoli a me ka pono o ke kanaka ola pono e ka naauao rula, a me ke kala ana o ko a me impulses, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ke kino o ke kanaka me ia, i ua haawiia mai ma ke ano maoli, a ia mea kūlohelohe.

Ke meʻe mea hou typical. Kona Aʻoaʻo, haawi aku ia i ka hanana. Kona hoao ana ua i hoʻonele o kona mana, a me ka hoʻolako, ao ke ao nei, e haha maalea hoi, e pane i ka loli.

Nokia huahana o ka sentimentalism ma Lūkini moʻokalaleo ua manaoia e e "ka poe ilihune Liza". Kēia olelo He ole loa oiaio. Nikolay Mihaylovich Karamzin, kona hana literally exploded ma hope o ka lehulehu ākea o ka "palapala o Lūkini hele", Ua hoʻolauna sentimentalism Podorozhniy memo.

poetry Karamzin

Karamzin poem noho nui e emi mai la, ma kana hana. Akā, mai i underestimate i ko lakou mea nui. Like i loko o ka Aina, haku mele Karamzin neophyte i sentimentalism.

Poetry o ka manawaʻeleu ma Lomonosov, Derzhavin, iā Nikolai Mikhailovich hoʻololi papa a hiki i ka Europa sentimentalism. Ke reorientation o aiee i loko o ka moʻokalaleo. Ma kahi o ka mawaho, ka naauao honua, ka mea kākau delves i loko o ka pā ao ana o ke kanaka, hoihoi i loko o kona uhane mana.

Akä naÿe i ka panina, na huapalapala i nāʻano o ka poe noonoo ole ke ola, i kela la, niioaaonoaaiii, Karamzin poem mea - he mea ola, e like me ia i koi. O ka papa, i ka hōʻikeʻano o ka oaeouee? Haku mele haalele aku ai oe mai lush metaphors, a like me kā ka hoʻohana maʻamau a me ka hemahema hoi rhyme.

Akā, i kēia aʻole i manaʻo 'ia poetry lilo ilihune a me ka mediocre. Ma ke kue, e e hiki ke koho i ka mea i loaʻa noʻeau mea, no laila, e ka mea, i hua mai la i ka makemake ai, a ma ka mea ia manawa denounced na hana o ka meʻe - i ka ka pahuhopu nui alualu e Karamzin poetry.

Poem i ole monumental. Lakou pinepine hōʻike i ka duality o kanaka ano, elua aoao o ka nānā i mea, o ka ke kuʻikahi, a me ka paio ana o ku pono ana.

Ana Aina, Karamzin

aesthetic loina Karamzin hōʻike ma ka Aina, i loko o konaʻimi naʻauao palapala. He Kiʻi ma ka holo, mai ka Classic pulakaumaka me rationalism i ka pā lonoaʻili o ke kanaka, me kona uhane honua.

Na ka papa kuhikuhiE hana - e koi aku i ka mea heluhelu i ka i kā mākou o ka empathy, kiʻi i ka mahina,ʻaʻole wale nō ka meʻe, akā, kekahi me ia. Penei, empathy e alakai i ka na hou 'ana o ke kanaka, e ia hoʻomōhala i kona uhane kumu waiwai.

Kakou kamailio anaʻaoʻao hana like me kūkulu like i loko o ka poem: palena iki luna 'olelo māmā hanohano a me frills. Akā, o ua i ka ua hele ka memo maloʻo hoike, e kālele ana ma luna o ka mentality o ka hōʻike 'ia nei, na huapalapala e hele mai i ka mua.

Moʻolelo Karamzin kakau ma ka au mamuli mea, ke ahaʻia, noho paʻa ma ke kino ano o ka mea. Akā, e like me ka hana ana o ka holo ma kahi e, ua nui, i ma ka pepa ka mea hele ma ka kānana o ka authorial "I". He ua i nakinakiʻia i ka ka hoʻohuiʻana o ka manao ahahui. No ka laʻana, ka London ia i hoomanao i ka Thames na alahaka a me ka noe, a ma ke ahiahi, i ka wa a na kukui i ho'āʻia, a me ke kulanakauhale hoomalamalama ana.

Huapalapala i ka mea kākau moʻolelo iho - keia mea i kona holo mau hoa a me interlocutors, ka mea a Karamzin halawai i ka huakaʻi. It E e kaulana ia ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ke aristocracy. He olelo me ka hoʻokūoʻo kahunapule, a me ka nohona kanaka, a me ka poe ilihune nā haumāna.

Karamzin - kakaolelo

Umikumamaiwa kenekuliaʻo Karamzin ka mōʻaukala. A lohe o Alexander I kākau moʻolelo 'aha hoʻokolokolo i kauoha mai ai ia ia, Karamzin ka ola a me ka hana e hou undergoing hana keaka loli: i ole ai ia i ka palapala, ai' hana, a piha bapetizoia ma o ka palapala o ka mōʻaukala hana.

Oddly lawa, akā, i kona mua mōʻaukala hana, "memo ma luna kahiko a me ka Hoikehonua, Rusia i loko o kona pili aupuni a me ka kivila e pili ana" Karamzin hoolilo i ka noʻonoʻo loi o ka Auguseto ka nā mea hoʻololi. Ke AIM o "Memoirs" ua e hōʻike i ka makeʻe kulana nāʻoihana o ka hui, e like me kā lākou'ōhumu mai ai me ka lokomaikaʻi, nā mea hoʻololi. He ho'āʻo pū e loaʻa kekahi hōʻike no ka futility o ia nā mea hoʻololi.

Karamzin - unuhi

Karamzin, Kawaihae a me ka hana makakū ka loa like, huli no ka iho a me ka hoi i loko o ke kula o ka unuhi. A me ka manaopaa, e holomua. Nikolai Mikhailovich lilo i hana ole wale nui, akā, me ka unuhi theorist o kona manawa.

'Ōlelo mai a ia i unuhi i ka hana o ka:

• English;
• Palani;
• Kelemānia.

Ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ole hana literal AaOAaXIeAeAIE, aʻOkoʻa maoli ho'āʻo i ka hoʻololi 'ana iā lākou, e lawe mai, e accomodate lākou "Lūkini pepeiao." He ole wale uku nānā 'ana i ka palapala kaila o ka palapala, akā, i ua nānā hana ma o ka hou-hanaia'na o ka naʻau i loko, a ua hookomo ia ma ka palapala, i ka mea iki (particles) e hoolilo i ka hoao ana e lilo.

Kaniak e hana ma luna o ka hoʻokumu o ka kekahi mea kākau, ka mea, aʻo Karamzinʻike hoʻokumu, komo i poe ike heluhelu a me nā 'ike.

Ka mea kākau moʻolelo kuhikuhi mai walaʻauʻana kumu ekolu, a e e nānā 'ana i kiʻekiʻe-kbps unuhi:

• Clean - pili ana i ka lexical mea.
• Smoothness - pili i ka stylistic uniformity.
• Pleasantness - ke unuhi pono e like pololei me hiki, akā, i loko o kekahi hihia i loko o laua. It E e hoopuni maopopo.

Karamzin mihi 'ōlelo

Ka hoohuoi ana moʻokalaleo Karamzin ka hana hiki ole hai aku i nā hoʻololi ma ka olelo. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i kokoke mai i ke ola, olelo 'ōlelo. He imi iho la e hoomaemae ia mai obsolete hua'ōlelo, fanciful mau weheweheʻana. Akā, ka mea a pau Nikolai Mikhailovich i kekahi ka hoa paio o ka hainā o folksy olelo, ka poe mea e ole pono i loko o ka naauao o ka olelo quality, affordable, akā, maikai.

Karamzin lako oukou i ka Lūkini 'ōlelo, inventing na olelo hou, i ke aloha a hiki i ka hou ana o kumu, hou' ana o nä hopuna 'ole kona lawe ana mai ia lakou, mai nā' ōlelo. I waena o kēia mau'ōlelo: hana, ke aloha, manaʻo kanaka, a me na mea e ae.

"History o ka Lūkini aupuni"

Ka loa kaulana mōʻaukala hana, a kākau ihola Karamzin - "History o ka Lūkini moku'āina." Ke kumu o ka hana i hele i "Notes ma Makamua a me ka Hoikehonua, Rusia i loko o kona pili aupuni, a me kou mau hoahanau." Ua Ua hana ma luna o laila, Karamzin Nikolay Mihaylovich, nona na hana i mau i mōʻaukalaʻana aku, memo, mōʻaukala, manaʻo e pili ana e pili ana i ka nui mākau hana.

E lewalewa maila ma luna o ka global ano o ka hana, unuhi ae la ia i 'ike mai i nāʻoihana aliʻi, he nui o ka i i hoʻohana mua ma ka' epekema ma ka mau. Karamzin ole wale recreated na hunahuna o ka moʻolelo, akā, 'imi pū hou a me ka hou kumu. No laila, ka mea i ka mea nana i wehe i ka Ipatiev chronicle.

Ka 'ole o ka "History":

• wehewehe i ke kūlana o ka mōʻaukala me ka 'epekema - Introduction;
• mōʻaukala a 1612 mai ka nomadic ohana.

O na moʻolelo, ka moʻolelo welau a me ka hopena o ka pono a me ka pono külana.

Meaning o "Mōʻaukala"

Once pau hana Karamzin, "History o ka Lūkini State" literally puehu liilii e like wela hūʻole. Ka mahina i hala iho 3,000 kope i ua kuai lilo aku. "Mōʻaukala" Ua heluhelu a pau: ua i piha i ke kumu wale me keʻokeʻo kahi lilelile i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka moku'āina, akā, i ke akahai, nanea ana o ka hōʻike. Ma ke kumu o kēia puke, alaila, ua ole he hookahi hana o ke akamai, no ka mea, "mōʻaukala" Ua lilo no hoi lakou i ke kumu o nā moʻolelo.

"History o ka Lūkini aupuni" ka mua mākau hana ma Lūkini mōʻaukala lilo. Ua Ua lilo no hoi lakou i ke kumu a me ka laʻana no ka hou 'ana o ka hoihoi i loko o ka moolelo i loko o ke aupuni.

Ka mea kākau e Kiʻi ma ka laulā o ka autocracy like me ka wale oiaioʻaoʻao o ke ola ana o ka moku'āina. Ua kena ae la he haunaele iwaena o ka lokomaikai hoi o-manao hapa o ka heluna kanaka.